...Based Sustainable Irrigation Water Usage Decision Support System: An Intelligent Sensor CLOUD Approach Cecil Li Claire D'Este Ritaban Dutta Corné Kloppers Ahsan Morshed Auro Almeida Aruneema Das Jagannath Aryal Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Hobart, Australia 7001 Abstract— In this paper a novel data integration approach based on three environmental Sensors – Model Networks (including the Bureau of Meteorology-SILO database, Australian Cosmic Ray Sensor Network database (CosmOz), and Australian Water Availability Project (AWAP) database) has been proposed to estimate ground water balance and average water availability. An unsupervised machine learning based clustering technique (Dynamic Linear Discriminant Analysis (D-LDA)) has been applied for extracting knowledge from the large integrated database. The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) Sensor CLOUD computing infrastructure has been used extensively to process big data integration and the machine learning based decision support system. An analytical outcome from the Sensor CLOUD is presented as dynamic web based knowledge recommendation service using JSON file format. An intelligent ANDROID based mobile application has been developed, capable of automatically communicating with the Sensor CLOUD to get the most recent daily irrigation, water requirement for a chosen location and display the status in a user friendly traffic light system. This recommendation...
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...and maintenance Under ordinary conditions rain water seeps into the ground and forms underground water. Most of the water that falls as rain soaks into the ground or gets carried away by rivers. But in urban areas, the built environment alters the natural drainage of water, with hard surfaces increasing both the rate and amount of rainwater that turns into run-off. And it has to go somewhere. Traditional piped ‘drains’ have a limited capacity to cope with the high levels of surface water generated by extreme rainfall events. And, when the capacity of one or more parts of the drainage system is exceeded, the worst happens. For example, in the floods of June 2007, extreme rainfall in the Midlands and the north of England led to large-scale urban flooding, with over 55,000 properties affected: two thirds of these were from surface water run-off overloading drainage systems. In addition to flood risk, large amounts of surface water run-off can cause water quality problems. As water runs over hard urban surfaces, it picks up pollutants that are washed into water courses. For example, run-off from roads contains heavy metals and hydrocarbons which can seriously impact on water quality. A well planned drainage infrastructure helps to manage water run-off by preventing domestic properties and other spaces such as paved public areas, car-parks, driveways and roads acting as conduits for run-off water. And it is more sustainable to manage storm water in...
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...Multiple Use Systems Louise Whiting, FAO Introduction Historically people, communities, and water managers have been using man-made delivery systems or natural water systems deliberately for more than a single use. In many rural and urban areas, domestic water networks are used for small-scale productive activities. Similarly, irrigation systems are often de facto providing large amounts of water within their command areas that facilitate access to water for many other uses through recharge of surface streams and groundwater. Lastly aquatic systems (wetlands including rice-based systems) provide many critical productive and ecosystem services to nearby populations (World Water Council, 2009). A recent analysis of large irrigation systems has shown that the vast majority (more than 90%) of irrigation schemes are being used for a range of uses that go well beyond the production of crops for which they were designed (Renault, 2008). Fortunately, a multiple-use services (MUS) concept continues to emerge as an increasingly effective alternative approach to providing water services for the full range of uses, aiming to meet people’s multiple water needs in an integrated manner. MUS can be understood as a participatory, integrated and poverty-reduction focused approach in poor rural and peri-urban areas, which takes people’s multiple water needs as a starting point for providing integrated services, moving beyond the conventional sectoral barriers of the domestic and productive...
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...FACTORS AFFECTING SMALL SCALE VEGETABLE FARMERS ACCESS TO CREDITS AT ETUNDA IRRIGATION PROJECT IN NORTHERN NAMIBIA. SELMA N. INGULA 26 OCTOBER 2012 Factors affecting small scale vegetable farmers access to credits at Etunda irrigation project in Northern Namibia. BY: Selma N. Ingula Project report submitted to the University of Namibia, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Department of Agricultural Economics in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Diploma in Agriculture. Project Assessment Board | | | | | | |Supervisor (s): | | |MR. B. THOMAS & | | |MS. B. MUDAMBURI | | [pic] UNIVERSITY OF NAMIBIA, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS AND EXTENSION, UNAM OGONGO CAMPUS Receipt Confirmation Signatures |Chairperson:……………………… | | | ...
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...GOVERNMENT CONTROLLED IRRIGATION SCHEMES IN NIGERIA ZAKARIYA’U, L. and OGUNGBILE, A.O. 1 1 2 Monitoring and Evaluation Unit, Commercial Agriculture Development Project, Federal Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Abuja, Nigeria. 2 Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Sociology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria. ABSTRACT This study compared resource allocation, yield, net farm income and resource use efficiency under private and government controlled vegetable irrigation schemes. Production data covering three vegetable enterprises were collected from 280 respondents. This consisted of 141 from private and 139 from government irrigation schemes, in the Kwanar-Are irrigation areas of Katsina State, Nigeria. Descriptive and econometric analyses were used to analyze the sample data. Our results indicated that though more purchased inputs are allocated in government scheme, the private scheme was more efficient in terms of resource use. Average net farm incomes per hectare were N373,040, N427,070 and N285,975 for pepper, tomato and onion enterprises respectively under the private irrigation schemes. They were N210,045, N325,891 and N244,748 for pepper, tomato and onion enterprises respectively in the government irrigation schemes. Similarly, average returns on naira investment were higher under the private irrigation scheme. They were 2.0, 2.3 and 1.7 for pepper, tomato and onion enterprises respectively under the private irrigation schemes and 1.2, 2.3...
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...| | |PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE |Credit Program Officer, Millennium Challenge Account-Armenia Program, Foreign Financing Projects Management Center State | | |Institution, Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Armenia, Yerevan, Armenia, February 2012 – current | | |Overall management, oversight and evaluation of implementation of the MCA-Armenia | | |Credit Program (total portfolio 8.5 mln USD), preparation of the reports, memos and other papers on the progress of the Project | | |Review reports, other deliverables and implementation documents developed and submitted by the MCA-Armenia Credit Program | | |implementer | | |Monitoring and analysis of rural financial market development trends, study of the policies for the Rural Financial Market | | |development | | |Consultations and coordination with stakeholders and donors working in the area of rural...
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...is expected to intensify existing problems and create new combinations of risks, particularly in Africa. The situation is made worst due to factors such as widespread poverty, overdependence on rainfed agriculture, inequitable land distribution, limited access to capital and technology, inadequate public infrastructure such as roads, long term weather forecasts and inadequate research and extension. By lessening the severity of key damages to the agricultural sector, adaptation is the key defensive measure. Adaptation to climate change involves changes in agricultural management practices in response to changes in climate conditions. This paper reviews agricultural adaptation strategies employed by farmers in various countries in Africa in cushioning the effects of climate change. The common agricultural adaptation strategies used by farmers were the use of drought resistant varieties of crops, crop diversification, change in cropping pattern and calendar of planting, conserving soil moisture through appropriate tillage methods, improving irrigation efficiency and afforestation and agro-forestry. The paper concluded that improving and strengthening human capital through training, outreach programmes, extension services at all levels may improve capacity to adapt to climate change impact. Key words: Adaptation strategies, agriculture, climate change, impacts and Africa....
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...NAME NAME: NITISH SINGH ROLL NO.: BBA 39 SEMESTER: 5th (3rd year) COURSE: BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (HONS.) SUPERVISOR: Mr. Mohammed Feroz TOPIC: RICE INDUSTRY IN INDIA PAPER: BBA 508 Term Paper submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements of the Graduate Degree in BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (HONOURS) J.D. BIRLA INSTITUTE Affiliated to JADAVPUR UNIVERSITY At KOLKATA 1 Date: 03/01/2013 To, The Controller of Examination, Jadavpur University, Kolkata. Respected sir, This term paper has been done by me and is an original work. The references used have been mentioned in the bibliography. This term paper work is partial fulfilment of the requirement for the BBA degree to be awarded by Jadavpur University. Yours faithfully, (Nitish Singh) 2 DECLARATIONS: To include plagiarism and ethical issues statements and word count is a formal requirement. I declare the following: (1) That the material contained in this dissertation is the end result of my own work and that due acknowledgement has been given in the bibliography and references to ALL sources be they printed, electronic or personal. (2) The word count of this dissertation is 14875. (3) That unless this dissertation has been confirmed as confidential, I agree to an entire electronic copy or sections of the dissertation to being placed on the e-learning portal, if deemed appropriate, to allow future students the opportunity to see examples of past...
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...Mexico. The nature of Newman Electric business is the service and repair of electric equipment, agricultural systems, controllers, and Industrial services. Newman Electric specializes in agricultural, irrigation systems, and motors. Today it has between eleven and fourteen employee’s services its customers. Their base service is spread out over north and east central New Mexico and West Texas. Newman Electric has been serving the farms, dairy, and feed lots of this area with expert in agricultural, industrial, and commercial electrical services. Newman Electric is one of only a few Electric company in Clovis that services agricultural systems, controllers for the farms and dairy, feed lot companies around central New Mexico and West Texas. A few of the services that Newman Electric specialize in are irrigation equipment replacements, city systems, city controls for water, city mechanical Systems, and feed lots services. . At Newman, they take care of the customer and build a long standing relationship. Newman Electric includes the following personnel: 2-owners Gene and Cleaun Newman 1-manager 1-bookkeeper 1-receptionist 1-warehouse manager 6-electrician 1-assistant to the electrician Newman Electric is among only a few company that strive to improve the quality of the farm, dairy, and feed lot to improve what they can use specialize irrigation equipment to better they crops, cattle, and other product. With how the farm, dairy, and feed lot are staggering...
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...or systems to adapt to adverse, stressful or tragic situations. For there to be growth there needs to be resilience so in a sense resilience does not mean a positive outcome but it can also lead to a negative one. According to Browning and Johnson (2010) there is a possibility that the definition of resilience has been misunderstood creating an impression of resilience and recovery being the same. This paper aims at expounding on resilience and its components and how it applies to everyday running of life and other systems that relate to life especially in India. There are many researchers that have come up with different components of resilience depending on where it is to be applied but in this paper there are five components that have applied in a general context. The application of these components will determine if the result of resilience will be positive or negative. This paper will discuss redundancy, diversification, network connectivity, feedback and recovery and how they have been practically applied to various places to build resilience especially in India and Punjab, Pakistan. It will further discuss two other components of resilience that is strongly related to the named components. Finally it will conclude on the basis of choosing the components and the importance of those components. Application of the components of resilience There are many systems that interact in their functioning. The world functions due to interactions such as humans and the eco-system and...
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...the findings of a review done on the environment sector. The review considered the ongoing and past interventions, legal and policy regimes and finally outlined the outstanding issues facing the sector. Objectives of the study It is well established that the process of land use change leads to the alteration of existing environmental conditions of any area. The specific objectives of the study were: 1. To identify the existing land use pattern of the selected area; 2. To explore the prime causes of land use change and its Effects on the environment of the study area, and 3. To give some suggestions based on the study findings. gulations for new industries, and strengthening the regulatory system for agro-chemical pollution control. Alternatively, clean-up strategy can be mobilized through private organizations in a public-private partnership approach. Solid waste management. With the high density of...
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...Module 3 Case December 22, 2010 Professor Dr. Nathaniel Ofoe With the United States growing and cities becoming larger and larger day by day, communities have been battling water shortages all throughout the country. For the past fifty or so years reclaimed water has been used all over the world. Within the course of this case paper I will attempt to compare and contrast the secondary water treatment methods to that of the tertiary water treatment methods. Wastewater treatment is classified as primary, secondary, and tertiary treatment; this is the process of how wastewater actually becomes recycled water. The primary treatment process is the initial stage or in other words the beginning of how organic and inorganic solids are removed via sedimentation and flotation. During this initial stage approximately 40-60% of suspended solids and raw sewage are collected in sedimentation tanks and 25-35% of the biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) is removed from the waste stream. During the secondary treatment the out flowing from the primary treatment process contains residual organic and inorganic material. Secondary treatment systems will remove between 80-95% of suspended solids and (BOD) through two methods known as attached growth and suspended growth. Finally we are at the tertiary treatment process also known as the polishing process where treated water is filtered through fine sand or other granular material to remove solids. After the filtering process...
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...The Indus River Basin: The Continuing Water Disputes Between India and Pakistan Anise Ko August 7, 2014 Professor Beth Bennett Introduction The Indus River was a key factor in the development of the Asian civilization. It originates in the Tibetan plateau and flows through four different countries: Tibet, Afghanistan, India and Pakistan to end in the Arabian Sea. The Indus River catchment area is as follows: sixty percent of the area belongs to Pakistan, about twenty percent belongs to India, five percent belongs to Afghanistan and fifteen per cent belongs to Tibet (Aljazeera, 2011). There are a total of six main tributaries: Sutlej, Ravi and Beas flow through Punjab and the other three rivers of the Indus basin - Indus, Jhelum and Chenab run through the territory of Jammu and Kashmir (Harvard, 2011). Since the partition of the British Indian empire in 1947, Pakistan and India have fought over the province of Punjab and the state of Kashmir, which resulted in a partition of the area between the two countries. The water dispute is also closely related to partition of the Kashmir region, too. The six rivers run through India which controls Jammu and Kashmir, before reaching Pakistan and the part of Jammu and Kashmir governed by Pakistan (Harvard, 2011). The geological allocation described above brought out significant disadvantages to Pakistan in early the1950s as a consequence of the political conflicts between the two countries. The help of the World Bank together with...
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...Water – The India Story March 23, 2009 1 Table of Contents Summary Global Water Situation – A Snapshot Water in India Innovative Water Management Initiatives 2 Freshwater rich regions across the globe are projected to face water scarcity if current reserves are not managed effectively Global Freshwater Scenario Global Freshwater reserves are rapidly depleting and this is expected to significantly impact many densely populated areas of the world Low to middle income developing regions as well as highly developed countries will face water stress in the future, unless existing water reserves are managed effectively • Although low and middle income developing countries currently have low per capita water consumption, rapid growth in population and inefficient use of water across sectors is expected to lead to a water shortage in the future • Developed countries traditionally have high per capita water consumption and need to focus on reducing their consumption through improved water management techniques and practices By 2025, India, China and select countries in Europe and Africa will face water scarcity if adequate and sustainable water management initiatives are not implemented Freshwater Situation in India Traditionally, India has been well endowed with large Freshwater reserves, but the increasing population and overexploitation of surface and groundwater over the past few decades has resulted in water scarcity in some regions ...
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...India’s first National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) outlining present and future policies and programs addressing climate mitigation and adaptation strategies. The plan identifies eight core “national missions” running through 2017, out of which National Water Mission is one of them. Emphasizing the overriding priority of maintaining high economic growth rates in order to raise living standards, the plan “identifies measures that promote our development objectives at the same time yielding co-benefits for addressing climate change effectively.” With water scarcity projected to worsen as a result of climate change, the plan sets a goal of a 20% improvement in water use efficiency through pricing and other measures. The following paper briefly discusses the mission, goals, strategies, implementation framework. It aims to evaluate the performance of the mission with the help of stakeholder analysis. INTRODUCTION India is faced with the challenge of sustaining its rapid economic growth while dealing with the global threat of climate change. This threat emanates from accumulated greenhouse gas emissions in the atmosphere, generated because of long term anthropogenic interventions and intensive industrial growth and high consumption driven lifestyles in developed countries. While engaged with the international community to collectively and cooperatively deal with this threat, India needs a national strategy to firstly, adapt to climate change and secondly, to further enhance...
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