...Sensory Adaptation Jessica Munden American Intercontinental University Abstract This paper will define and explain the concept of sensory adaptation. Three experiments were conducted to show sensory adaptation. This paper will report the experiments findings by illustrating what was experienced during the experiment. This paper will also discuss how adaptation is important from an evolutionary perspective. Sensory Adaptation Chemical senses, such as taste and smell, and the skin can be affected by sensory adaptation. It is important to understand the systems related to the chemical senses and the skin in order to understand how they can be affected by sensory adaptation. Three experiments were conducted to help explain sensory adaptation, which will appear later. Sensory Adaptation is defined in Words of Wisdom (2011) as “the process by which senses become less responsive to particular stimuli." In other words, when certain stimulus is continued the brain's sensory responses become less responsive. Adaptation affects the sensory systems, which include the five senses vision, taste, smell, hearing, and touch. When a non-smoker walks into a home, in which a person smokes inside, the smell of nicotine will be overwhelming. After spending some time in the home the smell of nicotine will seem to dissipate because one's system will adapt to the smell (Words of Wisdom, 2011). An experiment was conducted to show sensory adaptation to touch. During this experiment, one rubbed...
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...Sensory Adaptation American Intercontinental University Sensory Adaptation The three experiments I chose to conduct were Experiment 1, Experiment 2, and Experiment 4. All of the experiments were interesting in their own way. Each experiment had a different outcome but all support adaptation within the experiment. Beginning experiment 1 I purchased a small piece of very coarse sandpaper at the local hardware store. I began by rubbing my index fingers across the sandpaper a few times. The first time I rated the coarseness high on the scale as an 8 and as the experiment progressed I began to rate the coarseness lower and lower on the one to ten scale. Adaptation is evident in this experiment with every rub of my fingers across the sandpaper it felt less abrasive than the first time. My sense of touch adapted to the rough surface with every swipe of my finger. The results of this experiment surprised me my hypothesis prior to conducting the experiments was that my estimate of the level of coarseness would hover around the same number. To set up for experiment 2 I prepared one cup of sugar and water mixed together and another cup of fresh water. I took a sip of the sugar water and swished it around my mouth for awhile then spit it out. Afterwards I took a sip of the fresh water and surprisingly enough it tasted sweet still. I was very surprised that the fresh water tasted sweet after I had spit the sugar water out. I was defiantly surprised with...
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...Introduction For this paper I will provide definitions for adaptation. It will show how adaptation is evident in the experiments. It will show some of the senses that are present in the human body. Sensory Adaptation “Adaptation is the continued presentation of the same stimulus that causes the receptors to become less sensitive to that particular stimulus; therefore a stronger stimulus is required to activate the receptors”(Davis & Palladino, 2010). With adaptation individuals become acustom to the environment around them. So sensory adaptataion is the decrease appearance of sensitivity to stimulation that results from repeated appearance of the stimulation. The human has five senses: sight, sound, smell, taste, and touch. There will be examples and results from experiments. Examples is the best way to provide information about these senses. The first is the most common adjustment to temperture. You have seen these people that jump in to ice cold water in the winter. These people are members of the polar bear club. When they first jump into the water it is very cold, but after they have been in it for some time their body adjust to the temperture of the water and it is not as cold to them. Another is the sense of smell. You prepare the vegetables and meat for a stew and place them in a slow cooker. During the time you are at work all of these ingredients have been cooking. When you arrive home from work you are greeted by the aroma of the stew. You...
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...Sensory Adaptation Experiments Task 1 Experiment 1: The sandpaper felt very coarse after rubbing my index fingers on it for the first time. I rated the coarseness at 6. The sandpaper feels less coarse after allowing my fingers to rest for two minutes and I rated the coarseness at 3. Experiment 2: The sugar water became less sweet after swishing it around my mouth for several seconds. The taste of the fresh water surprised me because it tasted salty. Experiment 3: I dipped my right hand in cold water and my left hand in hot water. At first the water in the bowl 1 felt very hot while the water in bowl 2 felt very cold. After a few seconds, the water temperatures felt normal. When I dipped my hands in the lukewarm water, I felt like I had dipped my right hand in hot water and my left hand in cold water. Task 2 I chose three experiments to demonstrate the concept of sensory adaptation. In the first experiment, I rubbed my index fingers over sandpaper for several times and rated its coarseness on a scale of 1-7. I allowed my fingers to rest for two minutes before rubbing them on the same sandpaper for the second time. The first time I rubbed the sandpaper, it felt very coarse, and I rated its coarseness at 6. However, the sandpaper felt less coarse the second time, and I rated its coarseness at 3. In the second experiment, I sipped sugar water and swished it in my mouth for several seconds before disposing it. The sugar water tasted less sweet as I swished it in my mouth...
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...Candi Smith-Wiggleswire 2-12-2009 Adaptation of Sensory Receptors Sensory receptors account for our ability to see, hear, taste, and smell, and to sense touch, pain, temperature, and body position. They also provide the unconscious ability of the body to detect changes in blood volume, blood pressure, and the levels of salts, gases, and nutrients in the blood. These specialized cells are exquisitely adapted for the detection of particular physical or chemical events outside the cell. They are connected to nerve cells, or are themselves nerve cells. Many of them are enclosed in sense organs. Others are the endings of nerve fibres that ramify within the skin, the muscles, bones, and joints and the other organs of the body. Yet others are nerve cells within the brain that are sensitive temperature, to dissolved gases, salts, and other substances in the fluid around them. In human beings there are just four basic types of sensory receptor — sensitive to mechanical stimulation, light, chemicals, and temperature — but they vary enormously in their form. The particular kind of stimulus to which they respond is largely determined by the structure of the sense organ around them or by their location in the body. Some animals have receptors sensitive to magnetic fields or to electrical fields. All sensory receptors in the human body operate on the same general principles. Their membranes contain particular protein molecules that are activated and change their shape when the...
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...Introduction: Adaptation in sensory evaluation of food refers to the slow drop of sensation (in constant magnitude) after the stimulus has been fully switched on (Lawless & Heyman, 1993). They also added that after a certain time this sensation can completely disappear or in some instances the taste persists that shows a degree of taste adaptation. This idea usually occurs when the perceived taste intensity of one product reduces the other different product. For example, water can taste sour or bitter after a salt adaptation. On the other hand, taste interaction masks the interaction between mixtures of different tastes (Lawless & Heyman, 1993). A solution of sucrose (sweet) and quinine (bitter) will taste less sweet than a pure sucrose solution of the same strength. According to Lawless and Heyman (1993), these sensations are distinguished by taste buds present on the tongue namely fungiform, circumvallate and foliate. They contain 30 to 50 taste receptor cells (TRCs). TRCs protrude hair-like cilia called microvillae to the surface of the taste buds that form the taste pore. This then comes into contact with the saliva. It is believed that flavoursome molecules from food bind to microvillae at the top of the taste cells. After binding, the taste-producing compounds (tastants) transfer sensations to the tongue and beyond by different pathways. For chemicals that produce sweet, umami and bitter tastes they use similar receptors called G- protein coupled receptors (GPCR)...
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...JOURNEY TO SEPA ISLAND By Clarissa budiman 11.1/6 Journey is enlightenment in its highest form. Each and every culture, no matter how remote, stands for an immeasurable of experience. Learning a new language or a new culture is a part of journey since both are new experiences. There are stages where adapting to a whole new environment feels so difficult. Anxiety, confusion or even anger might be overwhelming and so we might stop in the middle of it. Journey includes of both the physical place a person travels to and the emotions that wander with them. My journey to Sepa Island on 3rd of August would be a great example of how a journey can be on two different levels. When I first arrived on Sepa, the scenic view was already made a huge difference on what’s in Jakarta. People there talking in different timbre and their looks were also a bit different. They prefer to say ‘teh’, which means I in English, and ‘saya’ in Jakarta. The price of foods and drinks at Sepa Island were also surprised me, since they set the price much higher than in Jakarta. For example would be, the price of fried potatoes that I ordered for pleasure on my free time cost seventy one thousand and five hundred rupiah, which is three-times more expensive than the fried potatoes that I ordered in Jakarta. From my experience in Sepa, I realized, that as emotionally, it’s really hard to overcome the ‘language barrier’, and to adapt to the culture that is in Sepa. In addition, it’s also hard...
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...whereas, fish being the main source of food for the dolphins (Welsh, 2012). Apparently, this teamwork with the dolphins had become the tradition for these Brazilian fishermen as they worked together for more than 15 years (Welsh, 2012). This cooperative behavior of both has created a unique culture that both fishermen and dolphins pass on their tradition by teaching. From a cultural anthropological perspective, this is a very interesting issue since humans and dolphins do not share any biological similarities as they do with primates, like apes, monkeys, and etc.; and the only similarity between them are being mammals. The anthropological aspects that could be analyzed in this relationship are: their culture, behavioral and cultural adaptation, language, and pattern of subsistence. According to a source, this fishing technique has been continuing for more than 150 years, as the first cooperative fishing took place in 1947 ("exploration...
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...University of Phoenix Material Presentation Analysis and Adaptation Worksheet Speaker ____Derrick Logan____________________________ Topic ______________________Android OS__________ Who is the audience for this presentation? The audience will people who are interested in knowing more about the Android OS who have only been exposed to the Apple OS What is the purpose of this presentation? To persuade individuals into using android devices Explain how the topic is specific and relates to the audience. The topic is specific and related as well because it is dictated by the audience they will be allowed to ask as many questions about the topic at hand. Target Audience Analysis: What special adaptations for these audience types might be necessary for this presentation to be effective? |Technical Personnel |Yes Technical personal will be on-site | |Non-Technical |N/A | |Management |N/A | |Client/Stakeholder |N/A | |Age/Experience |N/A ...
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...Evolution Evolution is something that made us human beings today; it had a great impact in our world and made us who we are. Natural selection is something that has to do a lot with evolution. Natural selection defines something, most likely specie that experiences a huge change in characteristics and traits such as looks, movements and the way they live. Adaptation is also something that relates hugely to evolution. Adaptation is when species become comfortable with the environment around them. Adaptation allows them to improve their conditions of living and it permits them to live easier (Sheiner, p. 1106). Natural selection and adaptation are both things that occur in the process of evolution. When species go into the process of evolution they experience both natural selection and adaptation because they go through an amount of characteristically and environmental changes. Evolution, adaptation and natural selection all had major impacts on our world and how it turned out to be today. Without evolution, our world would be completely different, as us humans would not exist. Species are important factors of evolution. By watching “Walking with Cavemen” and reading “Natural Selection” by Scheiner I was able to understand and observe the changes throughout time, and how us humans were created. Species like boisei, ergaster, and afarensis have made impacts on the way we are. We learnt many things from them and adapted to our environment similar to them. In this...
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...strategic realignment of business institutions within a global context. (RV Weeks 2002) Strategic leaders effectiveness is dependent on environmental dynamism. Environmental dynamism increases uncertainty that is characterized by stress, anxiety and risk. (2) Transformational leadership encourage individuals to view a turbulent environment as an opportunity not a hindrance. Dynamic environments can generate that collective feeling amongst individuals to solve and deal with external problems. Employees, under uncertain conditions will follow transformational leadership’s natural orientation toward adaption and change, thereby questioning existing products and services and generating radical changes. Rapidly changing environments demand adaptation that will put pressure on leaders exhibiting...
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...TASK: To design an organism and investigate how it evolves to produce future generations that are better adapted to their environment. PROCESS: 1. Design an organism: You may use paper, Claymation, 123D creature (ipad app), powerpoint or any other suitable software to illustrate the organism showing in detail its key features and give it a scientific name. Underneath your organism, list all the key information regarding your organism including: • The size of the organism (list dimensions) • What type of environment does it live in? • What are its key features and adaptations? • How do the organism’s adaptations help it to survive in its environment? • What does it eat? • How does it communicate? • How long does it live for? • What types of behaviours does it show? • List anything else that you think is important about your organism. 2. Use your organism as the common ancestor for three other variations of the organism that form by evolution. • You may choose 3 new environments of your choice. For example desert, rainforest, arctic, tundra, forest, air, mountains or any others of your choice. • Illustrate each of the three evolved organisms and give them a new scientific name. • Clearly label the pictures showing the varied features. • Write a short paragraph (100 words) for each organism explaining how the variation occurred and how it helps them adapt to their environment and increase their chance of survival. Describe the type of evolution that is occurring...
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...Describe how businesses have adapted their corporate strategies (not tactics) to incorporate sustainability. With the rising importance of sustainability initiatives, it has become increasingly important for companies to incorporate sustainability practices into their corporate strategies. Corporate strategies have undergone significant changes with the inclusion of sustainability. Public perception of corporate brand has had a significant impact on business. Companies can no longer consider only profit. Other factors must now be included in strategy such as the environment and society. Companies must adapt their strategy and incorporate sustainability into their culture. Companies are also forced to consider ethics, community citizenship and human rights. Consumers are not the only perceptions that matter, however. Studies are showing that employees want to work for a company that is environmentally friendly and that they feel they can make an impact. Businesses are now finding themselves embedding sustainability into their corporate culture. A large reason for this is short tenure for CEOs. By embedding this initiative into the culture, the sustainability strategies don’t lose momentum when there is a position change at the top of the company. Companies also have to adapt with the inclusion of sustainability due to the scarcity of resources. Resource scarcity is becoming a major issue that is forcing companies to include sustainability in their corporate strategies...
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...have any kind of life in them. These aren’t the only factors that could prove that it’s living or nonliving there’s a lot more but these can be considered the basic factors that can determine this. The seven criterias of a living thing are growth and development, reproduction, adaptations, cells and organizations, energy, response to stimuli. For example a chameleon is living. It’s living because like humans chameleons grow and develop just like any other living thing. Chameleons are born out of eggs but not like bird eggs, reptile eggs are leather-like and...
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...The saguaro cactus has many adaptations w hich allow it to survive in its native desert biome. Many of the saguaro cactus's adaptations are shared with other cacti species. one example of this is the saguaro's thick epidermis and t hick, waxy cuticle, which is an anatomical adaptation. The thick epidermis and waxy cuticle prevent water loss and limits transpiration, so that transpiration can only occur in the stomata when the stomata are open and not through the epidermis of the saguaro. Another anatomical adaptation which allows the saguaro to survive in the desert is it's spines, which are modified leaves and are common amongst most cacti plants. The spines of the saguaro protect it from animals that would otherwise eat the saguaro, or use it...
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