...regarding the assessment that I had taken. Step 2 initially showed me that I mastered all modules on my Learning Path. This includes Sentence Skills, Punctuation, Mechanics and Spelling, and The Craft of Writing. When I selected the Mastered Module titled Sentence Skills, I selected Skills Check and took a short exam. This resulted in a suggestion to work on Fragments next. These skills directly apply my academic life because these are the very skills that are going to be evaluated by the instructors, which in turn will determine how successful I am in each class. While I may have the ability to analyze a situation, I won't be as successful in class if I am unable to correctly articulate that analysis using proper grammar, punctuation and sentence structure. The skills that I am learning in the Path Builder also relate directly to my professional life as a Paralegal, working for attorneys that rely on the written word to convey their legal arguments and points when defending their clients. I have to be able to construct clear and concise motions and pleadings, often times trying to convince a judge or prosecutor to see our point of view regarding very delicate topics. Most of my life, I have been naturally able to construct a proper sentence or write a grammatically correct paper, but I could never define a fragment or parallel sentence. I am excited about the positive affect this program is going to have on my writing skills! I was pleasantly surprised by the initial...
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...We take furniture company of Try Star international .It has two branches one in Lahore and other in Karachi. Old system were centralized and we design a new system of database which is distributed i.e. the database of the Lahore campus is in Lahore and the database of karachi campus is in Karachi i.e a collection of multiple ,logically interrelated databases distributed over a computer network. DDBMS: A distributed database management system is defined as a software system that permits the management of the ddbs and makes the distribution transparent to the users. Why we use distributed database? In centralized system, all queries are handled by the main server and all loads are on the server but in distributed system, a separate server for each site exists. • In centralized system If centre goes down, everything is down. So you need to have offsite redundant servers. • In centralized system there is the single point of failure that can bring an entire company down in the event of a server crash but in distributed system if one server crashed down we get information from main server. Distributed Database design: The design of a distributed computer system involves making decisions on the placement of data and programs across the sites of the computer network .in the case of distributed DBMSs,the distribution of application invoves two things: • The distribution of the distributed DBMS softwares • the distribution of thr application of...
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...group of attribute. The vertical partition is defined in three context memory level a centralized database and the most important is distributed database like placed data in different sites. In this paper we focus on distributed database. in which local transaction should be minimize. In this paper we use two phases the first approach is that we have no first knowledge and second is cost optimization. Fragmented may be no overlapping or overlapping. Summary Partitioning in database design is the process of assign object from the logical schema to the physical several objects. Vertical partition is the process of divide attribute into group (fragments) and assign to physical object. In vertical fragmentation we make maximum and all minimum possible fragments it mean that fragment may be overlap or non-overlap. So we make cluster of fragments that one overlap or no overlap but we use the both disjoint and no disjoint cases in partitioning. We use fragmentation to improve the performance of query optimization .according to distribution point of view the different approach is like hierarchy of memory partition. In this approach we used vertical partitioning in that way the attribute that are mostly accessed are placed inthat way the attributes that are highly access are placed in the fastest memory level.in the distribution environment we also use normally fragmentation but replica is also used . in the vertical fragmentation we use...
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...When a file is stored in clusters that are not physically located next to each other on the platter, it is fragmented. Fragment can occur for various reasons, but most common cause is the modification of deletion of a file. To explain it generally is that there are three files. First one takes three spaces and the second and third takes two spaces. We remove the second one and replace with a five space file. Since all five can’t fit within the two spaces, we put two into the space and put the rest at the end. This is called fragmentation. Fragmentation can affect all files, including system files. As a result fragmentation will affect all window system. As a normal user, the hard drives will fragment over time and activities such as updates or installation and deletion of programs can cause major fragmentation. It will cause the performance to degrade over time. The different processes running in the background i.e. window explorer, all take an allotted amount of RAM to perform at optimum levels. More free RAM means that the essential processes that are running have more priority of the space and the CPU. When you begin to run your RAM to its limits, the essential processes and even the non-essential processes begin to lag due to the overtaxing of the CPU and RAM. Technically RAM does not have any influence on the processor performance, but it does have an influence on how much processes or technically instructions that processor can read. So a greater amount of RAM memory...
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...and near. Now and then along life’s pathway.” There are lots of happiness to be discovered along the pathway of life. It is also saying that there is no way that anyone would be able have more than a couple fragments of happiness at the time. As it says in the poem, “But there are so many pieces, No one ever finds them all” Leonard is also saying that even if it feels like there is no happiness left in your life, you are wrong because happiness is scattered along your journey of life and no one can every find all of the fragments to complete the perfect, crystal ball. The ball symbolizes perfect happiness or Utopia. The poem states in stanza two, ”You might find a bit of beauty or honest share of wealth, While another just beside you, fathers honor, love, or wealth.” This explains that happiness is encountered in all different ways because you might get happiness from beauty and wealth while somebody gets happiness from honor, love, and health. Leonard is also saying that happiness is found in many different things in the world and at many different times and places. These are not the only ways of happiness. You can be happy from friends, family, having fun, or doing what you love. Leonard says in stanza three, ”Yet the wise on their journey, treasure every fragment clear.” This text explains that the smart people in life cherish their happiness because they know they are lucky to have it. She also says in...
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...and near. Now and then along life’s pathway.” There are lots of happiness to be discovered along the pathway of life. It is also saying that there is no way that anyone would be able have more than a couple fragments of happiness at the time. As it says in the poem, “But there are so many pieces, No one ever finds them all” Leonard is also saying that even if it feels like there is no happiness left in your life, you are wrong because happiness is scattered along your journey of life and no one can every find all of the fragments to complete the perfect, crystal ball. The ball symbolizes perfect happiness or Utopia. The poem states in stanza two, ”You might find a bit of beauty or honest share of wealth, While another just beside you, fathers honor, love, or wealth.” This explains that happiness is encountered in all different ways because you might get happiness from beauty and wealth while somebody gets happiness from honor, love, and health. Leonard is also saying that happiness is found in many different things in the world and at many different times and places. These are not the only ways of happiness. You can be happy from friends, family, having fun, or doing what you love. Leonard says in stanza three, ”Yet the wise on their journey, treasure every fragment clear.” This text explains that the smart people in life cherish their happiness because they know they are lucky to have it. She also says in stanza...
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...Fragments, Run-ons and Comma Splices Getting Rid of Fragments There are two kinds of clauses – independent and dependent. A dependent clause has a subject and verb just like an independent clause, but it can’t stand alone because it begins with a dependent word such as after that, so that although, though unless as, as if until because what, whatever before when, whenever even though where, wherever how whether if, even if which, whichever in order that while since who, whom than whose Whenever a clause begins with one of the above dependent words, it is dependent. If we take an independent clause such as We finished the game. and put one of the dependent words in front of it, it becomes dependent: After we finished the game Although we finished the game As we finished the game Before we finished the game If we finished the game Since we finished the game That we finished the game When we finished the game While we finished the game The clause can no longer stand alone. It does not make a complete statement. It leaves the reader expecting something more. It is a fragment and must not be punctuated as a sentence. Any group of words that does not have a subject and a verb is also a fragment. Paid no attention to his parents (no subject) Joe thinking of all his problems (no adequate verb) Speeding along the highway (no subject and no adequate verb) The announcement...
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...Sentences: Types, and Common Mistakes Sentences are classified as simple, compound, complex, and compound-complex. This designation is based on the clauses used to create the sentence. Clauses: Every clause must have a subject and a verb. There are two types of clauses: independent and dependent (subordinate). An independent clause contains a subject, a verb, and expresses a complete thought. It is able to stand independently. Example: The class is hard. A dependent (subordinate) clause contains a subject and a verb but does not express a complete thought, and, therefore, cannot be left alone. If a subordinate clause is left alone, a fragment will result. These clauses depend on independent clauses to express a complete thought. Example: If the class is hard, Sentence Types: A simple sentence is one independent clause with no subordinate clauses. Example: The statue is in the garden. A compound sentence has two or more independent clauses and no subordinate clauses. The two clauses are joined by either a coordinating conjunction or a semicolon. Coordinating Conjunctions (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so) can be easily recalled by learning the acronym FANBOYS. Example: I finished reading the book, and I returned it to the library. The girls went to the store; they bought new shoes. A complex sentence consists of one independent clause with one subordinate clause. Example: When the teacher spoke, the students were silent. A compound-complex sentence has at least two independent...
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...might arise when writing a paper is fragment sentences in the paper. It happens often, and it is when a sentence does not have a subject and a verb in the same sentence. Which causes the sentence not to be complete? This can make the paper have a bad flow. Finally, another challenge that might arise is grammar issues. Because even though it sounds simple you need to understand how the language works, how the meaning is made, and how it is broken. When there are grammar issues it makes the paper seem unprofessional. There are a lot more challenges than these three that I have stated in the paragraph that could arise when writing a paper but these are the main ones that I feel are the most important that a writer should think the most about when it comes to writing a paper. The strategies that I would use to overcome the challenges are: first, to have a clear thesis I need to have paragraphs that relate clearly to the thesis sentence. One main thing is to stay on topic and being detailed, also relating clearly to the thesis of the paper. By having the thesis sentence at the beginning, where it can help the reader understand how the point being made fits into the purpose of the paper and making sure to stay on the point and not jumping from one subject to the other. Like that taking care of not having a clear thesis. A strategy to help not have fragment sentences is to learn what a subject and a verb are. To make a complete sentence you need both a subject and a verb...
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...Sentence Fragments and Run-on Sentences The “sentences” below contain sentence fragments, fused sentences, and comma splices. Make them true, grammatically correct sentences using punctuation, appropriate conjunctions, or subordinating words. 1. In March, Harry was transferred to a new plant in Detroit, and then he was laid off in June. 2. Many young people don’t bother to register to vote. Because they don’t really care about the candidates. 3. While it may take a little longer to finish a paper. Professional writers recommend putting it aside for a few hours before doing final proofreading. 4. My mother was born in Madrid; I had very little trouble learning Spanish. 5. Many people believe in the curative powers of this water they have felt relief after bathing in it. 6. The sun is 93 million miles away it can still burn a person's skin badly. 7. My sister has over two thousand old record albums; she has very little storage space left. 8. Students who write down their assignments in a calendar tend to manage time better. Unless they forget to check their calendars everyday. 9. The CEO received a subscription to his favorite magazine; it arrived in the mail within two weeks. 10. The jury members deliberated for over two months, the judge has asked to meet with them today. 11. The new oil painting is very colorful it will look good with our bright furnishings. 12. The weather forecaster asked everyone to...
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...an example of one of the comma errors I have made on essays. Common splices occur when you use commas when they are not needed. To correct the example above; I would rewrite the sentence to read as follows: A pregnancy at a young age could rob you of your youth, “A baby with a baby” comes to mind. Using the words “there and their” in the incorrect form is another error I continuously made. The essays I have written thus far I have used these word incorrectly twelve times. To correct these errors, I should first know what each word means. There, is at or in a place. There is also used in clauses which the real subject follows the verb for example; Burning calories isn’t easy but there are soothing exercises available. The definition for “their” is belonging to, made by or done by them. The boys went with their father is an example of their used correctly. Other errors I have made during essay writing are fragments and run ons. A fragment is an incomplete part. Michael Jackson began performing at age thirteen is an example of a fragment. To correct this example I need a subject and verb; therefore, Michael Jackson began performing with the Jackson Five at age thirteen is a complete sentence. Run on sentences occur when you do not properly punctuate sentences. An example of a run sentence is: Although all venereal diseases are unsafe the newest member AIDS is extremely dangerous and deadly there is...
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...When you write a letter to your mother, you probably use casual language, which might include short phrases instead of complete sentences or clichés or phrases that have personal meaning for your family. When you write an email or text a friend, you might shorten words or even use a group of letters to represent a word or a statement. While these shortcuts or casual language are acceptable and even expected in these types of written communication, writing for the academic world requires a more formal approach. As you develop your writing skills for the academic world, you should be aware of grammar concerns or words or phrases that should be avoided. If you work to eliminate grammar errors and to sharpen your diction, your academic work will become stronger and more powerful. Grammar Concerns: Grammar is the backbone of written communication. While there are more grammar elements than we have listed here, these represent the areas that students struggle with the most. 1. Agreement a. Pronoun/ Antecedent Agreement i. Definition: The pronoun and its antecedent do not agree in number (antecedent = the word that the pronoun refers to). ii. Example: 1. Everyone takes their books home. (incorrect) 2. Everyone takes his or her books home. (correct) 3. The students take their books home. (correct) iii. In order to eliminate awkward constructions, make the pronoun and its antecedent plural when possible. iv. Remember that if it is obvious that only one gender is...
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...Grammar Issues: 1. Sentence Fragments: a. No, no, no ( b. Even if you are trying to use a fragment for a particular effect – no 2. Comma Splices: a. Definition: i. A comma separates two complete sentences ii. Example: 1. The boys left town, they took the money with them. b. Ways to fix a comma splice (there are more ways; these are just the easiest and most common) i. Use a comma and a conjunction (and, but, yet, for, so, nor, or) – There are only seven of them. 1. The boys left town, and they took the money with them. ii. Use a semi-colon 1. The boys left town; they took the money with them. iii. Use a semi-colon and a subjunctive adverb and a comma (subjunctive adverb = transition word or phrase: however, therefore, on the other hand) 1. The boys left town; in addition, they took the money with them. iv. Make them independent sentences 1. The boys left town. They took the money with them. v. Make one of the independent clauses (sentences) a dependent clause by using subordinating conjunctions (dependent words). There are many of these words (since, although, because, while, etc). 1. If the first independent clause is changed to a dependent clause then a comma goes between the clauses: ...
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...and consists of one or more words. Example: -My wife, the love of my life, is also my best friend. -My idea, to recycle the paper, was accepted by the boss. -Participial Phrases: A participial phrase begins with a past or present participle. Example: -I am really excited, considering all the people that will be there. -We are looking forward to the movie, having seen the trailer last week. -Prepositional Phrases: A prepositional phrase begins with a preposition and can act as a noun, an adjective or an adverb. Example: -The book was on the table. -She was lost in the dark of night. -Absolute Phrases An absolute phrase has a subject, but not an acting verb, so it cannot stand alone as a complete sentence. It modifies the whole sentence, not just a noun. Example: -Their heads hanging down, the whole group apologized. -The entire team, their uniforms muddy and stained, shouted for joy. II. Clause A clause is a group of related words...
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...Study Unit Writing Sentences and Paragraphs Preview Preview In this study unit, you’ll take all the information and skills you’ve acquired so far and use them to practice writing complete, correct sentences and well-organized, coherent paragraphs. You have the tools—the parts of speech; correct spelling, punctuation, and capitalization; and good grammar— to construct and use a variety of sentence types. You’ve studied the uses of modifiers, tone, and form, so you can reach the people you’re addressing. You’ve also learned to write to your audience, whether you’re sending out a basic business letter, convincing a group to accept your recommendations, or presenting a research report. Now we’ll begin to put it all together. By learning how to express yourself in correct sentences and to recognize common errors, your basic communications skills will significantly improve. By learning to focus on your topic, organize your ideas, use transitions, and write an effective conclusion, you’ll write consistently stronger paragraphs, letters, essays, and reports. This, in turn, will increase your professionalism and open doors to future success. When you complete this study unit, you’ll be able to • Compose sentences correctly • Use various sentence structures and types • Recognize and correct fragments and run-on sentences • Construct unified, coherent paragraphs • Connect paragraphs to build a well-organized, logical document ...
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