...Strategy-Capacity Building Introduction Rural-urban migration, population mobility and sex work continue to drive sexually transmitted epidemic in Sex workers. Capacity building can be channeled through state level partners such as sex workers association or community based organizations in given towns to help organize outreach, community mobilization and dedicate clinics for sex workers. Sex workers should be enlightened through services such as Condom promotion, syndromic case management, regular checkups and treatment of asymptomatic infections. The capacity building strategy aims at training the sex workers, monitor outcomes and conduct research on the wellbeing of the sex workers. The capacity building inputs directed to the sex workers may also be offer simple rate loans to assist begin income generating activities. In addition, sex workers may be capacity build through assisting them form wealth creation groups-forming chamas, and begin saving. The capacity building coordinators will help the workers in opening group bank accounts and conducting rotation loan allocation. Loans will boost economic status of the workers reducing their participation in the sex workers career. Conclusion In conclusion, Capacity building may offer training of skills such as Mat making, waste recycling. The skills and techniques instilled in the sex workers will leave them developed. With skills the now sex workers may get both formal and informal employment or even begin their own business from the...
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...Sex Work In A HIV Prevalent World The anthropological article, Childhood Sexual Abuse and HIV Risk Among Crack-Using Commercial Sex Workers in San Salvador, El Salvador, offers a qualitative and in-depth analysis into the lives of sex workers in the metropolitan area of San Salvador. The purpose of this paper will be to examine the collected data from the article and apply previously discussed anthropological tactics to better understand the given information. The article underscores childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and its connection to adopting prostitution as an occupation, although, through the studied sample group no clear connection could be drawn. It is obvious that, though CSA seems to have contributed to stigmatization and negative feelings that could have led a women to seeking sex work, poverty seems to be a greater determinant of whether a woman became involved in sex work or not. The article comprises of several sections, introducing the issue of what factors may cause initiation to sex work, drug use, and vulnerability to HIV in San Salvador. The basic argument of the article is to establish a relationship between childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and increase in HIV risk. Ethnographic interviews of 40 women who were sex workers, crack users, or both were conducted in Spanish. The theoretical framework of the study suggested that girls who ran away at a young age did not actively choose to participate in deviant lifestyles but, rather, they were vulnerable to sex work...
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...cookie and who is in control of it! Strager’s essay provides an insightful and often hilarious commentary on the target audience of pornography: masturbating men. He states that pornography focuses only on male pleasure and that when a man is not present in the scene, women are there only as objects which a man will get pleasure from. His conclusion is that men watch pornography in a somewhat homoerotic way, focusing on the men in the films rather than the women. He goes even further to say that men are specifically watching the penis - the rest of the man’s body does not matter. Strager’s argument is unusual, but compelling. The idea of a focus on disembodied genitalia does not seem so strange when you consider how large the market for sex toys is. So, if we accept Strager’s explanation that men watch pornography to see the pleasure of other men, what do women watch when they watch pornography? It’s no secret that the accessibility of porn has increased consumption not just by men, but by women as well. Statistics are varied but seem to indicate that more females are using pornography than ever before. Female-point-of-view films, female porn directors, and even novels such as Fifty Shades of Grey indicate a changing industry which includes women. The shocking question “Do women watch porn?” has been transformed into “Why do women watch porn?” One may suggest that women watch porn to bond with their male partners, to satisfy curiosity, to learn new things, or to get themselves...
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...main reason. (Shedlin, Michele G, World Book p.15, 2007) The idea of sex workers fighting for their human rights is a foreign concept to most people, even those who identify politically as progressives or feminists. Sex workers have lived on the margins of society through most of human history, and despite the prevalence of this work all over the world, sex workers are often treated as less than human, both in cultural attitudes and public policy. In fact, it cannot be said enough: sex workers are people—friends, neighbors, family members, wage earners, and parents—and they deserve the same human rights as everyone else. (http://www.ontheissuesmagazine.com/july08/july2008_1.php) Feminists and advocates of all stripes have argued that they want to work for the human rights of sex workers, often without an analysis of what human rights for sex workers might look like. While many people would agree that access to human rights includes the right to be free from harm, to have access to health care and housing, and to seek safe employment that pays a living wage, there is fierce debate as to what any of this actually means. (http://www.ontheissuesmagazine.com/july08/july2008_1.php) In many parts of the world, sex workers have been among the groups most vulnerable to and most affected by HIV since the beginning of the AIDS pandemic. After more than a decade of research and intervention in sex work settings there is a substantial body of knowledge on the behaviours...
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...f) Resources, including specific locations for the study, personnel and facilities available or will be required to complete the research project Methodology Target Population As data presented earlier in the background section of this report, it is highly noticeable the large impact that HIV/AIDS has placed on the sex workers population of Papua New Guinea (PNG). There have been many studies conducted that have linked and confirmed that in many developing countries female sex workers carry the disproportionate burden of HIV infection. Similar to most developing countries, female sex workers in Papua New Guinea are following the trend of accounting for a very high HIV prevalence among the total infected adult population. Female sex workers (FSW) are not only high in prevalence but they are experiencing a high increase of HIV infection rates. Data from 1998 of HIV prevalence among FSWs in Port Moresby was 17% and rose to 21% in 2004. This burden is markedly more noticeable when compared to prevalence among the adult population of Port Moresby, only 0.34% in 2004 which increased to 1.54% in 2004. Incidence of other STIs among female sex workers in PNG is also high. In a study in 2003, “Chlamydia trachomatis was found to be 23.3%, Trichomonas vaginalis 41.0%, Neisseria gonorrhea 37.2% and Syphilis 33.3% among 129 FSWs in Port Moresby. Mixed infections with these STIs were observed to be common. Among the 129 FSWs for whom complete results of all STIs were available...
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...Sex Work and Pornography Comparing to the previous two issues, this time’s issue on sex work and pornography is the one that I am least familiar with. They are regard as a “taboo” in my life for the past 17 years. I didn’t know much about them as I was only told that they are bad and inappropriate them which I should not look at them in depth. When talking about sex work, the one I heard most was compensated dating as there was news which talks about it. Before the lecture, I didn’t know that sex work is legal in Hong Kong and I was kind of shocked when I heard about it. To me, the two lectures were really informative which instilled me some knowledge that I can hardly contact with in my daily life. Sex work is generally defined as any kind of work that involves providing sexual services for financial gain. After reading this definition of sex work, it still seems quite abstract to me. I tried to analyze some different situations and categorize them. From my understanding, sex work is a business exchange which sex worker aim at gaining money by performing sex work. For example, compensated dating is common in Hong Kong. An article from CNN (Pauline 2009) describes a girl’s experience that she wanted to buy bags and clothes from famous designer, she was jealous of her classmates. Then she started compensated dating in order to satisfy her material needs. Without money, the girl would not carry out this kind of sexual behavior which as a result we regard this as sex work...
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...TUTORIAL ASSIGNMENT 4 U15075487 S.R.JAYALATH 1. “We cannot deny the humanity and inalienable rights of people who engage in sex work.” 2. "In launching the plan, we call on all sex workers to recognise the enormous power they have to help our nation in making Aids a thing of the past," 3.a) Paternalism legislation is currently reflected in South Africa’s legislation against sex work, by trying to protect and prevent sex workers from participating in sexual activities . they have tried to introduce the National Sex Work Sector Plan which is about affirming the right of all South Africans to life, to dignity, to health regardless of their circumstances or jobs. 3.b) Paternalism legislation is opposed by Libertarians because they oppose protecting people from haring themselves. Libertarians believe that it is the individuals own body and will not violate the rights of the individual by forcing them not to take part in any action. As long as the third party is not harmed by these actions. The national effort of arresting new HIV infections will not succeed if sex workers are disempowered, marginalised and stigmatised. Libertarians are against extortion of sex workers. 4.a) The cost-benefit analysis tries to bring about rationality by converting costs and benefits into a monetary term that can easily be compared. The benefits gained to sex workers from prostitution are that they are able to get paid for their work; this amount of money received is what helps them survive...
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...Prostitution is the long known act of providing services that are typically sexual in nature to other persons in return for payment and is the oldest branch of the sex industry. The liabilities and legal status of prostitution varies from country to country and not only in Europe, being a punishable crime in one to a regulated activity in the other. Choosing to compare Latvia and Germany in their policies towards prostitution was not an unintentional occurrence. Today combating consequences affiliated with prostitution such as human trafficking is a means of protecting human rights and tackling the issues of working conditions that are harmful to health, unacceptable or dangerous. At stake there are the rights of those women and men who earn their living through prostitution based on an autonomous, rational decision and to some extent conditioned by serious personal difficulties such as violent backgrounds, predicaments such as debt, or very limited options caused by social exclusion, unemployment or social cleavages resulting from the EU enlargement. They are confronted with widespread discrimination and have no lobby unless they come into the “victim of trafficking” category Since 1 January 2002, Germany has adopted the Act Regulating the Legal Situation of Prostitutes in an effort to improve the legal situation of sex workers by permitting self-employment and the establishment of employment contracts. It gave them access to German social security systems such as health insurance...
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...on moral qualities of the society members, and not on a position on prostitution. Thus, the essay will try to prove why prostitution should not be legal with the help of analysis of the articles of the well-known scientists. While feminist theory represents prostitution as a working activity that lets women use their “agency” or “free choice”, calling them “migrant workers”, even despite the fact that a bigger part of those women are working to pay debts, or under duress, it serves to normalize prostitution concept and its rapid growth. Nevertheless, most of the problems, such as violence against women, organized crime, trafficking, early sexualization, that become more pressing day after day are seen as a substantial part of sex industry functioning. The feminist theory pays less attention to violence against women than to work and economy question. Moreover, the idea of sexual work has already caused a significant controversy at feminist debates, just as the fact that most of “academic feminists” and activists seem to speak for prostitutes, representing their sex industry by themselves, as respective sexual workers. View on the issue of prostitution as a “work activity” has to be discussed from the point of view of bread-winning women, but not of those who suffer from violence (Pateman). As Carole...
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...Unit 2 Assignment 1 Essay 1 Argumentative Essay “College Girl to Call Girl” If it looks like a duck and it quacks like a duck, then it must be a duck. If you get paid to have sex, you are a prostitute. A lot has changed within the last one hundred years and not all for the best. It has come to the point where the “oldest” yet most ostracized profession in the world has become more socially acceptable and commonplace than ever in history. College students are choosing it as a means to paying for their education. Prostitution is not only dangerous physically and can attract all sorts of sexually transmitted diseases but it can also wear on someone’s mental stability. Stacy, a prostitute, obviously feels the stigma of people potentially knowing about her occupation and judging her without taking into account her intellect. She likes to think that she projects herself with respectability and professionalism while at the same time pretending that it is just a 9-5 office job. She justifies it by saying that she wouldn’t be able to afford school otherwise, that it’s only temporary and a means to pay all her bills. At the same time she keeps her activities a secret from family and friends. Her plans are to continue selling herself until she finishes school and then put it all behind her with a new career in advertising. Anna, a middle class raised and educated former prostitute, isn’t necessarily so much embarrassed but annoyed that people project such a negative image...
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...Prostitution On the basis of information provided by the Prostitutes Education Network (2000), it is believed that over one million people in the U.S. have worked as prostitutes, or about one percent of women. According to prostitution research papers, the commercial sex industry today includes street prostitution, massage brothels, escort services, outcall services, strip clubs, lapdancing, phone sex, adult and child pornography, video and internet pornography and prostitution tourism. Most prostitutes who are in the business for longer than a few months drift in and out of these various forms of work within the sex industry. The average age of entry into prostitution is 13 years. Prostitution research papers have indicated that mpost of the younger girls involved in prostitution were coerced into working within the sex industry. Many others involved in the work have been found to be women without job skills who had escaped from or were abandoned by abusive husbands and partners who went into prostitution to support themselves and their children. Prostitution Additionally, in order to further understand the occurrence of prostitution today, as provided by the Prostitutes Educational Network (2000), average prostitution arrests include 70% females, 20% males, and 10% customers. It has also been found that a disproportionate number of prostitutes arrested and sentenced are women of color, even though a minority of prostitutes are women of color. Most prostitutes who are...
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...Lin Q1. Should McGowan support Peer’s recommendation for a program to monitor and assist street-level sex trade workers? Is this a job for police? Can they do it? Should they do it? I think McGowan should support Peer's recommendation for a program to monitor and assist street-level sex trade workers. The street-level prostitutes in London included some young girls who have fell in wrong crowd or have bad family. Some street-level workers just want to get drugs and alcohol and it is the only way to work. If they can be trained a little bit, at least they can protect themselves and maybe they can change their mind. It’s a job for police. police should protect the merchants and citizens. After special training they can handle it. Q2. If the idea moves forward, what goals would LPS set and how would they measure success? How would the program fit with other police units within LPS charged with law enforcement? How would it interact with relevant agencies outside of LPS? LPS means the London police service. They want to reduce the sex workers, at least make sure the street-level workers do not make other people uncomfortable and make sure the workers are safety. The program’s police will have more specialization knowledge about how to deal with sex workers’ different situations. They can interact with some support related organization that about emotional support and sex knowledge sharing, raise money and social resources, mange funds and develop resources. Q3. How would...
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...Acknowledgements This study would not have been completed so successfully without the assistance and cooperation of many. I would like to thank the sex workers for the time they spent answering the questionnaires given. Also, I would like to thank the members of my family for their encouragement. My teacher, Mrs. Myers deserves a lot of gratitude for guiding me in every step of the way. Last, but not least, I would like to give thanks to God for the strength and knowledge to complete this study. Topic: Sex Trafficking Research Question: Do male sex workers make more than female sex workers in the New Kingston and Port Henderson Road region? The researcher’s locations are the New Kingston and Port Henderson Road regions. The researcher chose this topic because he/she has seen sex traffickers in the previously stated locations on more than occasion. The researcher was intrigued by their work and when given the chance, jumped at the opportunity to find out about the different aspects of sex trafficking e.g. income. .Method of Data Collection Questionnaires were issued to thirty sex workers, seventeen (17) female and thirteen (13) male to collect data for this research paper. Participants were chosen at random by the researcher. The researcher gave the sex workers ten (10) minutes to answer and return the questionnaires. METHOD OF INVESTIGATION In order to collect data for the survey, the researcher decided to...
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...asked questions about childcare whereas male applicants were excluded. Applicants from minority populations were also asked questions about credit and arrest records while non-minority applicants were not asked. Other discriminatory issues in the company include lower payment for older employee with more experience compared to what is being paid younger employees for the same amount of job as well as reports of sexual advances towards women by a store manager. Discrimination was made towards a 73 year old worker who had worked with the company for more than 50 years but collects less pay than employee doing same job and of lesser age. Such action is unlawful under the Equal Pay Right of 1963. Discrimination exists in the company with respect to hiring and employee management. They discriminate against colour, sex, age and payment. With respect to colour, 3 white males and 3 white females were appointed as store managers. For sex, the interview process was sex biased by asking some questions from female applicants and not asking the male counterpart. Sexual harassment was also reported by females. Considering the alleged sexual advances towards two women and threats of firing except the women socialised, Carter Cleaning Company can be sued for Sexual Harassment under the Federal Violence against Women Act of 1994 .Concerning age, older and younger employees in the company perform the same work. Furthermore, concerning payment, the...
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...Magnolia Place Health Care. Patient care are faced with many problems because of the lack of communication, difference in culture, the different genders and the lack to communicate properly with the patients that are being serviced. When this problem occurs, it might even affect the way in which many employees are doing their job in their organization. Magnolia Place Health Care deals with many challenges when it comes to communication; and I will be discussing some of them by explaining how their families, caregivers, managers and co-workers influence the different genders and the different cultures. The Different Genders in females: The Magnolia Place healthcare organization hires both female and males, because their main concern is taking care of their patients and while doing so they will face many problems with communication. Some female employees have a better relationship with their patients, families, managers, and other co-workers because of their communication skills in the Magnolia Place healthcare organization. The majority of females sometimes seem to be more nonverbally expressive, they seem to talk more, they also seem to engage in partnership-building behaviors, and they tell their patients and families more of their personal business than men do (Axia2007). A female seems to take care of their patients and families more than men do because they can sometimes help them through an emotional situation. Females tends to make time for their patients more than...
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