...In her article “Between the Sexes, A Great Divide”, Anna Quindlen shows us the differences between the genders, and the divide that exists between them, which starts from the first high school dance, where boys and girls are far away from each other, and all the game is about who is going to do the first move. I mainly agree with Quindlen, but there are some points that I have a different opinion, such as the conclusion is which the writer comes. Only one thing is certain• there are not only differences between men and women, but there are also between ages. The first thing I agree with, is that this gap between the genders is something real. Children, from young age, try all the time to come closer to the other gender, and most of the times, without a good result. It is not the fact that they cannot communicate, but the fact that they are so afraid to make the first move, that they end up saying irrelevant things, which do not help the conversation. The writers says that all of us have the memory of “the first boy-girl” party, in which memory there are boys on one side, and girls on the other. That it totally true. Once I read it, the memory came to my mind very clearly. We all had the same experience in our life, and there are always the shy people, and the braver to make the first move. And in fact, children who used to approach the other gender, had the greater acceptance. So, it is demonstrated that there are nothing to be afraid of the relationships with the other gender...
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...Best practice does not equal best strategy Benchmarking is an important way to improve operational efficiency, but it is not a tool for strategic decision making. When competitors all try to play exactly the same game, declining margins are bound to follow. PHILIPP M. NATTERMANN The McKinsey Quarterly, 2000 Number 2 Best practice. It may be the most readily recognized and widely used of all business management tools. And why shouldn’t it be? To executives, modeling a company’s performance on its best-in-class competitor is an ambitious but attainable aspiration. To investors, the strategy is a guarantee of the soundness of any company that embraces it. And to consultants, it is the tide that lifts every client’s boat. So why is it killing your margins? Everyone who follows business has seen the fat margins of growing young companies attract scores of new entrants, which eventually crowd the field and drive those very margins down. Why would top executives convert this regrettable fact of business life into a creed, especially when doing so simply hastens the endgame for everyone—first mover and Johnny-come-lately alike? Margins tumble as more and more incumbent companies compete for smaller and smaller segments of customers and industry resources They act as they do because they don’t understand that benchmarking is simply an operational tool. Instead, they all want to occupy the point on the strategic landscape that their most successful competitor has staked out.1 Soon...
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...Between the Sexes, a Great Divide: Respond In: Philosophy and Psychology Between the Sexes, a Great Divide: Respond In her article “Between the Sexes, A Great Divide”, Anna Quindlen shows us the differences between the genders, and the divide that exists between them, which starts from the first high school dance, where boys and girls are far away from each other, and all the game is about who is going to do the first move. I mainly agree with Quindlen, but there are some points that I have a different opinion, such as the conclusion is which the writer comes. Only one thing is certain• there are not only differences between men and women, but there are also between ages. The first thing I agree with, is that this gap between the genders is something real. Children, from young age, try all the time to come closer to the other gender, and most of the times, without a good result. It is not the fact that they cannot communicate, but the fact that they are so afraid to make the first move, that they end up saying irrelevant things, which do not help the conversation. The writers says that all of us have the memory of “the first boy-girl” party, in which memory there are boys on one side, and girls on the other. That it totally true. Once I read it, the memory came to my mind very clearly. We all had the same experience in our life, and there are always the shy people, and the braver to make the first move. And in fact, children who used to approach the other gender, had the greater...
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...Differentiation (2002) 69:154–157 C Blackwell Wissenschafts-Verlag 2002 COMMENTARY James A. Byrne ¡ John B. Gurdon Commentary on human cloning Introduction Human cloning refers to the production of genetically identical humans. This cloning is possible via either ‘‘embryo splitting’’ or ‘‘nuclear transfer’’. Embryo splitting involves the separation of an early human embryo into two or more parts. Each of these parts has the potential to develop into a blastocyst (late embryo), which, if implanted, can develop into a child. This is how genetically identical monozygotic twins are created. Artificial embryo splitting has been successfully implemented in various mammals including sheep (Willadsen, 1981), cows (Willadsen, 1989), mice (Agrawal and Polge, 1989) and monkeys (Chan et al., 2000), but has been performed only to the pre-implantation stages in humans (Hall et al., 1993). Recently the American Society for Reproductive Medicine declared that human cloning by artificial embryo splitting was an ethical procedure to increase the number of implantable human blastocysts used in certain infertility treatments (ASRM, 2000). However, embryo splitting can produce only a limited number of cloned individuals as the early embryo can be separated only a limited number of times, and the procedure is not able to produce a ‘‘clone’’ of an adult that already exists. The other method for producing cloned humans, nuclear transfer, does not suffer from these limitations, and the rest...
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...Developmental Biology 394 (2014) 242–252 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Developmental Biology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/developmentalbiology Marker genes identify three somatic cell types in the fetal mouse ovary Raphael H. Rastetter a,1, Pascal Bernard a,1, James S. Palmer b, Anne-Amandine Chassot c,d, Huijun Chen b, Patrick S. Western e, Robert G. Ramsay f,g, Marie-Christine Chaboissier c,d, Dagmar Wilhelm a,n a Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia Division of Molecular Genetics and Development, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4075, Australia c University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, UFR Sciences, Nice, France d INSERM U1091, CNRS UMR7277, IBV, Nice, France e MIMR-PHI Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia f Sir Peter MacCallum, Department of Oncology and the Pathology Department, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia g Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia b ar t ic l e i nf o a b s t r a c t Article history: Received 27 June 2014 Received in revised form 12 August 2014 Accepted 15 August 2014 Available online 23 August 2014 The two main functions of the ovary are the production of oocytes, which allows the continuation of the species, and secretion of female sex hormones, which control many aspects of female development and physiology. Normal development of...
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...ABSTRACT Stem cells have offered much hope by promising to greatly extend the numbers and range of patients who could benefit from transplants, and to provide cell replacement therapy to treat debilitating diseases such as diabetes, Parkinson's and Huntington's disease. The issue of stem cell research is politically charged, prompting biologists to begin engaging in ethical debates, Stem cell research offers great promise for understanding basic mechanisms of human development and differentiation, as well as the hope for new treatments. However, human stem cell research also raises sharp ethical and political controversies. This paper will discuss the types of stem cells as well as some of the controversies involved in stem cell research. Introduction According to Wikipedia, stem cell can be defined as “biological cells found in all multicellular organisms, that can divide (through mitosis) and differentiate into diverse specialized cell types and can self-renew to produce more stem cells.” A stem cell could be regarded as one of the basic building blocks of the human body. Stem cells are important because they have the ability to become different cell types, and scientists are working on developing ways to use stem cells to repair or regenerate damaged organs or tissues. This could lead to therapies for a whole range of conditions such as heart disease, diabetes, Parkinson's disease or Alzheimer's, although at present it is impossible to tell whether this will happen...
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...Introduction Human embryonic stem cells (hES cells) are currently discussed not only by the biologists by whom they were discovered but also by the medical profession, media, ethicists, governments and politicians. There are several reasons for this. On the one hand, these ‘super cells’ have a major clinical potential in tissue repair, with their proponents believing that they represent the future relief or cure of a wide range of common disabilities; replacement of defective cells in a patient by transplantation of hES cell‐derived equivalents would restore normal function. On the other hand, the use of hES cells is highly controversial because they are derived from human pre‐implantation embryos. To date, most embryos used for the establishment of hES cell lines have been spare embryos from IVF, but the creation of embryos specifically for deriving hES cells is also under discussion. The most controversial variant of this is the transfer of a somatic cell‐nucleus from a patient to an enucleated oocyte (unfertilized egg) in order to produce hES cells genetically identical to that patient for ‘autologous’ transplantation (so‐called ‘therapeutic’ cloning); this may prevent tissue rejection. The question ‘Can these cells be isolated and used and, if so, under what conditions and restrictions’ is presently high on the political and ethical agenda, with policies and legislation being formulated in many countries to regulate their derivation. The UK has been the first to pass...
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...Assignment 1: Market Segmentation and Product Positioning Fabio Micheletto Instructor: Dr. Jean Gordon MKT500 – Marketing Management 10/23/2011 Assignment 1: Market Segmentation and Product Positioning 1. Identify the marketing segment for the product and explain why this segment was selected. 2.1 Company Description WestportAxle Corporation is an U.S. based company with its headquarters in Brazil that focuses in manufacturing and assembly front axles for truck and buses (heavy and light duty). One of the products that WestportAxle plans to introduce in the U.S. market is the new 24K front axle for Trucks Class 8 Fire/Crash (picture 1). Company expects to use its 25 years of expertise to bring new alternatives for the Class 8 Truck builders offering a new product with better maneuverability that can be used in the narrow streets of big cities. Picture 1 – 24K Front Axle 2.2 Market Segment In the front axle business there is a specific market that we call “Niche Market”. This market is dedicated to special vehicle builders such as Fire Trucks, Garbage Trucks, Cement Mixers and so on. These trucks are common identified as “Class 8 Trucks”. The 24K front axle is largely used for these trucks, however there are some limitations. And one of these limitations is the maneuverability of the vehicle, sometimes is really difficult to maneuver the truck in the narrow streets. So, our product will fill this gap offering a 55 degrees wheel cut (the...
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...JetBlue Airway, Inc. was a low-cost carrier (LLC) airline company that began operations in early 200. With a unique “anti-establishment” business model and “value player” positioning strategy, JetBlue established itself as a low cost, hardworking, and dependable airlines company. After the 2001 September terrorist attacks, JetBlue seized the opportunity to expand by launching an initial public offering. When other airlines were slow to resume operations, JetBlue tool advantage of the situation by increasing safety measures, boosting services offered, and expanding operations. Between 2002 and 2003, JetBlue grew rapidly until profits dropped significantly in 2004. With rising fuel cost, aggressive competition, and an aging fleet, JetBlue was forced to announce a recovery plan. Just as profits slowly recovered in 2006, a snowstorm hit the United States, causing a huge customer service and database management crisis that negatively affected JetBlue’s reputation. JetBlue initially achieved profitability in the challenging aviation industry due to its business model and processes, positioning and culture. Unlike its competitors, JetBlue chose New York as its base, which allowed for domestic fight leadership at JFK airport. By combining low fares with valuable services, such as snacks and personal satellite television, JetBlue was able to position itself among it customers. Tactically, JetBlue bought economical and easy to maintain aircraft and chose routes and airports that...
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...Segmentation, Targeting and Positioning Objectives: 1. To identify and define the three steps in target marketing: segmentation, targeting, and positioning. 2. Understand bases for segmenting consumer markets. 3. To know how to identify attractive market segments. 4. To understand how to position products to gain competitive advantage. Topics for Discussion: 1. Steps in market segmentation, targeting and positioning 2. Bases for segmenting consumer markets 3. Evaluating and selecting market segments 4. Choosing a positioning strategy 5. Developing a positioning statement 6. Communicating and Delivering the Chosen Position Introduction Companies are recognizing that they cannot serve all buyers in the marketplace. There are various types of customers with different needs and buying behavior. Rather than competing in the entire market (mass marketing) companies identify parts of the market that they can serve well and profitably (market segmentation and targeting). Let’s Define the Terms Market Segmentation – dividing a market into distinct groups with distinct needs, characteristics, or behavior who might require separate products or marketing mixes Target Marketing – the process of evaluating each market segment’s attractiveness and selecting one or more segments to enter Market Positioning – arranging for a product to occupy a clear, distinctive, and desirable place relative to competing products in the minds of target consumers. ...
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...1. Review the current positioning strategies in McDonald A. Price differentiation Both McDonald and Burger King have the special value meal. But there are more discount offers in McDonald which are shown in following table. McDonald | Burger King | * Specific meal are $20 from 5 to 9p.m | * Value menu | * Amazing value menu | | * Relax and refresh value card | | Despite the more special offer, the regular meals in McDonald are between $25 to $30 while the value meals in Burger King are between $25 to $35. It can be seen that the regular meal in McDonald is even cheaper than the value meal in Burger King. B. Channel differentiation McDonald has larger coverage and greater convenience than in Burger King. Refer to the below table, it is seen that the channel in McDonald differentiate Burger King. McDonald | Burger King | * 218 branches in Hong Kong | * 15 branches in Hong Kong | * 104 branches have 24 hour Mc tonight service | * Only 1 branch has 24-hours service | * 24 hour McDelivery Service | | C. Product differentiation McDonald has larger variety of the products than that in Burger King. The products in McDonald are fresh and innovative that fulfill with teenagers’ expectation who desire for freshness while the products in Burger King has smaller range. New products are as follows: McDonald | Burger King | * Le grand * Hotcakes Deluxe Breakfast * Grilled chicken burger, quarter...
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...segmentation by personality type, you can create personality type. This knowledge of individual preferences related to a respondent’s personality can be leveraged to create more effective marketing campaigns and increase sales. Market segmentation is a marketing strategy that involves dividing a broad target market into subsets of consumers, who have common needs, and then designing and implementing strategies to target their needs and desires using media channels and other touch-points that best allow to reach them. Market segmentation involves dividing up the potential market for a product into groups of people who have similar needs, and then addressing these needs in a focused way. Market segments allow companies to create product differentiation strategies to target them. The concept was introduced in early 1960’s not just to advertise but also bring about product innovation, pricing, choice of distribution channels etc. A broader aspect of segmentation is the term psychographics. Psychographic profiles are used in market segmentation as well as in advertising. Psychographics is...
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...A stem cell is an immature cell that has the potential to become specialized into different types of cells throughout the body. There are two basic types of stem cells: adult stems cells and embryonic stem cells. Embryonic stem cells are produced when a newly fertilized egg begins to divide. These stem cells can become any type of cell in the body. Adult stem cells are undifferentiated cells found throughout the body that divide to replenish dying cells and regenerate damaged tissues. Both types of cells are of great interest to medicine and science because of their ability to develop into virtually any other cell made by the human body. In theory, if stem cells can be grown and their development directed in culture, it would be possible to grow cells of medical importance such as bone marrow, neural tissue or muscle. The ability to grow human tissue of all kinds opens the door to treating a range of cell-based diseases and to growing medically important tissues that can be used for transplantation purposes. For example, diseases like juvenile onset diabetes mellitus and Parkinson's disease occur because of defects in one of just a few cells types. Replacing faulty cells with healthy ones offers hope of lifelong treatment. Similarly, failing hearts and other organs, in theory, could be shored up by injecting healthy cells to replace damaged or diseased cells. In vitro fertilization is a process whereby human life is generated in a laboratory environment such as a glass petri...
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...Embryonic Stem Cells Embryonic Stem Cell Research A man in a motorized wheelchair makes his way down the sidewalk toward me. Bags of groceries hang from the handles and any other protrusion that can serve as a hook. He is accompanied by an older woman who walks behind him; one hand gripping her own load of bags while the other rests lightly on the back of the chair. They stop once they are near me and I get a clear look at the occupant of the chair. He is a young a man. Thin, emaciated arms and legs are drawn in toward his body. It is clear that he has been confined to this chair for a long time. The woman is his mother and she asks me if I can watch him while she goes into a nearby building to call a friend to give them a ride. I agree and she leaves me with her son. I strike up a casual conversation, looking him in the eye and being careful not to talk down to him. His speech is labored and slurred. He is suffering from cerebral palsy. His mother returns and thanks me; her friend is his way to help. I go about my business realizing that I have no problems in my life when compared to that young man. My body is sound. Imagine being trapped in your body like that. Then realize that there is a real potential for a cure, but no one is allowed to work on it. Embryonic stem cell research has the potential to cure that young man and thousands like him. Perhaps it is time to we lifted the unrealistic restrictions that have held this research back for so many years? Embryonic...
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...Market Segmentation * Introduced by Smith (1956) * Heterogeneous group of customers can be grouped into homogeneous clusters each requiring different marketing mix to meet their wants and needs. * Is to bridge the gap between diverse customer needs and limited company resources, by encouraging distinct marketing offerings to be developed to suit the requirements of different customer segments Segmentation Assumptions: * Consumers differ from one another in some respect which could be used to divide the total market into homogeneous groups * Selected segments can be isolated from the remainder of the market to enable targeting with a distinct market offering Segmentation can be performed by answering the following questions: * Where? (Geographic) * Who? (Demographic) * Why? (Psychographic) * How? (Behavioural) Geographic Segmentation is based on: * Continents * Countries * Regions or cities * Counties, provinces or states * Neighbourhoods Example: McDonalds Aloo Tikki and Chicken Maharaja Mac Geographic segmentation is useful because it: * Provides a quick overview of differences and similarities between consumers based on the geographical location * Can identify cultural differences between geographical units * Takes into consideration the climatic differences between geographical units * Recognizes language differences between geographical units Demographic Segmentation is based on: * Age *...
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