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Shadow Economy

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Submitted By Aysa1827
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Теневая экономика – это серьезное явление, охватывающее почти все сферы деятельности хозяйствующих субъектов, способное влиять на социальное и политическое положение в стране. В современной экономике России одной из основных проблем ее развития является существование теневого сектора, влияющего на социально-экономическую ситуацию в РФ.
В условиях посткризисного роста российской экономики антитеневая деятельность занимает приоритетные позиции в системе экономических интересов, обеспечивающих экономическую безопасность страны; в прикладном аспекте это требует транспарентности финансово-производственных операций крупного бизнеса, снятие излишней регламентации деятельности мелкого и среднего предпринимательства, а также принятие антикоррупционных мер в сфере государственного управления. Именно поэтому, «наиболее опасной является тенденция к переходу экономической преступности в новое качество: криминализацию всей экономической системы государства и общественных отношений и перехват коррумпированными структурами инициативы у государства относительно контроля над наиболее прибыльными и жизненно важными отраслями экономики»
В связи с этим возникает необходимость в выявлении причин, вызывающих формирование и функционирование данной деятельности, а также особых экономических отношений, как в ее внутренней, так и во внешней среде. Обозначенная цель предполагает решение задач: уточнение теоретико-методологических основ теневой экономики; проведение статистического анализа данных о ее состоянии, а также рекомендации по регулированию подобного сектора. Это и определило актуальность исследуемой темы.
Очевидно, что основная сущность теневой экономики проявляется в ее скрытом характере – этот признак отличает ее от легальной. В теневой экономике чаще, чем в легальной, можно наблюдать так называемое оппортунистическое поведение – действия, в результате которых один участник сделки получает максимальные выгоды, а издержки ему удается переложить на другого участника рынка. Получается, что «теневая экономика – это скрытая экономическая деятельность, которая не указывается в налоговой декларации и не отражается в официальной статистике» . Это невидимые невооруженным глазом, со стороны процессы производства, распределения, обмена, потребления товаров и услуг, экономические отношения, в которых заинтересованы отдельные люди и их группы.

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