...The goal is to determine which option does the most good by using utilitarianism theory. In Option A, shareholders will receive identical numbers of New-Kleen (NK) shares in lieu of TideeKleen (TK) shares. The value of an NK share will be around $50 in comparison to TK’s share, which is presently being traded at $30. Shareholders, such as Halo Fund, will obviously benefit by gaining more return. Moreover, NK will be operating with new machinery and making use of green initiatives, which could result in a higher profit margin. Since newer and younger employees of NK will benefit, the company will be able to cover their benefits and pensions from the profits generated. The aggregate utility among shareholders and new employees would be high. However, there is a large amount of unhappiness as well. It is most likely that TK will go bankrupt, and the creditors's interests would not be satisfied since they can only get little money back. In addition, TK would continue using old machines and employing older workers. Even though TK will take care of the benefits, pensions and other compensation owed the workers in those old facilities, there are still problems that the company must face. First, exposed to toxic substances and knowing the health threats they are under, older workers would not be as motivated and effective as expected, thus lowering the productivity of the company and reducing profits substantially. Secondly, continuing to use the old facilities will lead to increasing...
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...Limited Liability, Dissolution, Winding Up, and Termination of a General Partnership Application: Case Facts: * March 21, 1986: Coyle and Schwartz execute a share-transfer agreement wherein Schwartz transferred 2% of his American Scale share to Coyle. * Coyle then owned 51%; Schwartz owned 49% Coyle is majority shareholder and it was specifically stated in the argument. * August 25, 1988: Both agreed upon a buy-sell agreement that they titled, “Stockholder’s Cross-Purchase Agreement” * The agreement provided for the repurchase of a shareholder’s stock in the event of death, disability, or voluntary withdrawal of that shareholder. * Specifically: * It stated that if Coyle or Schwartz died or otherwise attempted to dispose of his shares, the other shareholder would have the right to purchase those shares. * Also, the agreement gave the majority shareholder an option to purchase all of the minority shareholder’s stock at any time upon a 60-day written notice. * As of August 25, 1988, the fair market value of each share was $250 after a stock-valuation method was completed. * Case states: “UNLESS ALTERED AS HEREIN PROVIDED, for the purpose of determining the purchase price to be paid for the stock of a Stockholder, the fair market value of each share of stock shall be, as of August 25, 1988, $250.” * “The stockholder’s shall redetermine the value of the stock within 60 days following the end of EACH...
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...generates from tis operations is even lower now than it was a year ago. Its net debt (total debt minus cash on hand) at the end of its last quarter was $345.10 million, a fraction of its $989.60 million in EBITDA. This ratio fell by an impressive 114.42% from the year earlier period, when EBITDA was $789.80 million. This situation affords the company many attractive options such as pursuing acquisitions without incurring much debt or rewarding shareholders through dividends or the repurchase of common shares, which would make future earnings more valuable. Despite this reduction in net debt, the company's total debt as a percentage of total capital actually increased over the same twelve month period, while its cash on hand fell. In its last quarter total debt accounted for 29.53% of total capital compared to 9.61% in the year earlier quarter while cash on hand fell from $2.46 billion to $1.70 billion, a 30.77% drop. This suggests Starbucks Corporation has been using its cash reserves to pursue strategic purposes such as aquisitions or share repurshases rather than debt reduction, which isn't necessarily a bad option as long as such moves contribute to future growth instead of constraining the company's...
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...government could only legislate on companies if they were already formed, due to the way the Federal government’s constitutional power was interpreted by the High Court. Types and classes of companies, shares 7. Answer: c. A is wrong (pty co’s cannot meet the shareholder/size requirements for ASX listing). B is wrong, because it requires qualification. D is wrong, because they would need to convert to a public company first. 8. Answer: b, Listing Rule 10 requires listed companies to obtain shareholder approval of transactions with a person of influence, eg directors. 9. Answer: e. It is not just (a), because you’re asked what the difference is between the two – so you need to identify the correct characteristics of each one. (b) and (c) are therefore also incorrect, although (c) is the standout characteristic I was trying to get you to identify. The correct answer is (e). Previous iterations of this answer guide said that (c) was the correct answer although I changed the options around in the question and did not change the answer guide. Apologies for any confusion. 10. Answer: b, company A is presently a subsidiary of company B because company B is ‘in a position to cast more than half the maximum number of votes.’ 11. Answer: c. The company may redeem the shares at the end of a fixed period. 12....
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...superstore concept in 1986 and has annua sales Revenues ($B)1 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2010 2011 Diluted Earnings Per Share 3 in the world in eCommerce sales. With 88,000 associates worldwide, Staples operates in 26 countries throughout North and South America, Europe, Asia and Australia, making it easy for businesses y r of all sizes and consumers. f The company is headquartered outside Boston. More information about Staples (Nasdaq: SPLS) is available at www.staples.com/media. Cash Flow Generation ($M) of $25 billion, ranking second f Operating Cash Flow 2007 As Adjusted 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2008 2009 2010 2011 Free Cash Flow Capita Expenditures 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Stores Open at Fiscal Year End 2007 Dividends Per Share 2008 2009 2010 2011 1 2 2008 revenues include $4.2 billion of revenues from Corporate Express for the period July 2008–January 2009. f 2008 revenue mix includes $2.3 billion of North American Delivery revenues and $1.9 billion of International revenues from Corporate Express for the period f f July 2008–January 2009. 3 – 2007 excludes a $38.0 million ($0.04 per share) charge related to the settlement of California wage and hour class action litigation. 2008 excludes $173.5 million f ($0.16 per share) of charges related to integration and restructuring associated with Corporate Express....
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...the more money involved the more your interests will be protected. You are right in the sense that if its your own money on the line you're going to proactively be vigilant in making that company a sucess. I believe most companies were you have the board of directors all have large stakes in the company will be better run and managed as they are not going to want to see the company fail when their own money is on the line. Any company that has leaders that don't have large holdings in the company or frequently sell or cash in on their shares and options you know it might not be a good company to invest in when the people running it wont even invest their own money in it either. I think its about common sense and doing your research. I believe on the whole the people who have the most money invested in a company to have the biggest say in what happens and their interests are met and they do have a lot of influence. How many of us have shares in a company yet we don't exercise any of our voting rights or go to the AGM or any conferences? Do we give feedback to the company with ideas and suggestions for future growth and...
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...QUIZ QUESTIONS SHARE CAPITAL 1. What impact does the bonus issue of shares have on the equity of a company? Why? (1 Mark) 2. Define a share option? (1 Mark) 3. Provide one reason why a company would wish to buy back its own shares? (1 Mark) 4. Distinguish between a renounceable and non-renounceable rights issue? (1 Mark) 5. What is a private placement of shares? (1 mark) 6. Name two reasons why a company could make an appropriation of its retained earnings? (1 Mark) 7. Prepare journal entries to record the following unrelated transactions of a public company: (3 Marks) a) payment of interim dividend of $50,000 b) transfer of $50,000 from the general reserve to retained earnings c) payment of 100,000 bonus shares fully paid at $2 per share from retained earnings. 8. The equity of Master Shipping Ltd on 30 June 2009 consisted of: 280,000 ordinary shares, issued at $2.40 each, called to $2.40 $672,000 Calls in arrears (24,000 shares x 80c) ($19,200) The directors forfeited the shares on which the call was outstanding. The company’s constitution provides that forfeited shares cannot be reissued and that the balance of any forfeited amounts, net of reissue costs, must be refunded to the former shareholders. Refund cheques were sent to shareholders. Prepare journal entries to record a) forfeiture of shares b) refund of forfeited amounts to shareholders...
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...Abstract This project documents and describes the buying and selling of stocks that we purchased using $ 100,000 USD (Monopoly money) given to us by our instructor. Our assignment was to invest the stock in any way seen best fit to gain the most profit. We were to track our stocks three times a week and document the results using Microsoft Excel. The requirements for the assignment were to include two stock trades and to try to make our portfolio diverse using different sectors. The purpose of this project is to understand how the stock market works, and give us a better understanding of how the stock market operates. As a beginning investor, I tried to keep my initial stocks as an even investment for the most part. I invested my money into stocks that I felt would be successful and I knew that I would spend my own money on to help the stock increase. The attached Excel spreadsheets will describe in detail the beginning investment, the first and second adjustment, and my final outcome including my total gains/losses. To complete the project, my stocks were sold for me to cash out and my results were documented. Introduction At the beginning of this project, I felt very confident in being able to make a profit by the end of the class by just picking the most popular- trendy companies that were available in the market for a decent price. Without even looking at the history of the company or doing research on the price history at the leaset....
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...place in 1985 in order to allow vertical integration to flourish more in the company. It was beneficial in that it led to record profits for the company. Because of the high demand for USG stock and the large amount of public attention, USG received several takeover offers. The one that is the focus of this summary is the Desert Partners offer. In 1987, Desert Partners began approaching USG in relation to purchasing outstanding shares. Desert Partners officially tendered an offer of $42.00 per share for 21.5 million shares. Sometime later they announced a proxy contest in which they would propose six new directors who could potentially replace the existing ones on the board. USG stood firm in its decisions to not sell their company and did not entertain any offers, either official or unofficial, from Desert Partners, regardless of the monetary increase in offer. Instead of accepting or countering Desert Partner’s offer, USG decided to recapitalize their company by giving shareholders for each existing share: $37.00 in cash, one new recapitalized share, and $5.00 of the new junior subordinated pay-in-kind debentures. This would require a substantial amount of money and would put USG...
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...Sessions 14 and 15 – Membership, Shares and Interests in Shares, Class Rights The objective of these sessions is to familiarise students with the concept of membership and the rights of members as well as to give them a firm understanding of how control of a company may be achieved through owning interests in shares. At the end of the sessions, students should be able to: * distinguish between “membership” and “shareholding”; * describe the different types of shares that companies usually issue and discuss the rights usually associated with such shares and the use of such shares; * discuss and apply the principles associated with rights of shareholders and “class rights”; * discuss and apply the principles associated with the concept of “interests” in shares and “deemed interest”. Readings Yeo and Lee, Chapter 16 and paragraphs 7-100 to 7-120, 17-001 to 17-240 (see also 17-360) Relevant provisions of the Companies Act, in particular, sections 7, 19(6), 22, 62A, 64, 70, 71, 74 and 161 Discussion Questions – Members and shareholders A. How is a ‘member’ of a company defined? B. What is the difference, if at all, between a ‘member’ of a company and a ‘shareholder’ of a company? C. Why is it important to be able to determine who the members of a company are? D. What are the key rights that members of a company have? E. What are “class rights” and how can they be created and altered? F. In what way does the law protect members...
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...controlling interest in the target company, a poison pill is triggered. Hostile acquirer is not able to participate in this purchase of new shares. As a result of the inflow of new target shares (of which hostile acquirer was not able to purchase any), hostile acquirer’s ownership percentage is substantially diluted. Faced with such dilution, hostile acquirer has no choice but to give up its hostile approach. Shareholders other than hostile acquirer are able to buy newly-issued target shares at a substantial discount. If hostile acquirer wants to continue, it has only two practical choices: (1) negotiate with target since only target’s board has the power to redeem the poison pill; or (2) launch a proxy contest to gain control of target’s board of directors because, again, only target’s board has the power to redeem the poison pill. There are two types of poison pills: flip-in and flip-over. A flip-in allows existing shareholders (other than the hostile acquirer) to buy more shares at a discounted price. By purchasing more shares cheaply, investors get instant profits and, more importantly, they dilute the shares held by the competitors. As a result, the competitor's takeover attempt is made more difficult and expensive. This is the tactic used by PeopleSoft against Oracle Corp. The flip-over allows shareholders to buy the acquirer’s shares at a discounted (reduced) price after the merger and thus makes the merger considerably more expensive. This type of strategy...
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...result in shortchanged when he took the company private. Delaware Vice Chancellor believed the shareholders approved the transaction that Mr. Murdock's initial $12 per share offer to a deal price of $13.50 was the issue and result in a lawsuit. Laster finds Mr. Murdock and C. Michael Carter engaged in a fraud that caused damages. It appears that fair price was not immunize and was represented in increasing value of $2.74 per share. The lawyer, Stuart Grant who is the representative for shareholder stated that both executives to exclude defendants to profit from their breaches. In addition, when Mr. Murdock proposed buyout, his top executive Mr. Carter falsely made disclosure how much money can be saved by selling it’s half of the business 2012. And the fact that Mr. Carter followed the plan of Mr. Murdock. On the other hand, Deutsche Bank was not in part of the litigation on breaches in which led to a liability. It appears how unethical for both executives to gain profit by falsely giving wrong information to the shareholders of the company. Mr. Murdock ordered Mr. C. Michael Carter to plan the transaction. They have knowingly weaken the price to so that they can buyout in the amount $1.2 billion. The biggest issue about the article is how Mr. Murdock’s intention to lowball to buy rest of the Dole’s stock options. The management of the Dole Company orchestrated a fraudulent activity to gain personally in 2013. Mr. Carter’s job was to make sure all records and information are...
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...major types of shares are (1) ordinary shares (common stock), which entitle the shareholder to share in the earnings of the company as and when they occur, and to vote at the company's annual general meetings and other official meetings, and (2) preference shares (preferred stock) which entitle the shareholder to a fixed periodic income (interest) but generally do not give him or her voting rights. See also stock. the following are the main difference between a debenture and a share: * A person having the debentures is called debenture holder whereas a person holding the shares is called shareholder. * Debenture holder is a creditor of the company and cannot take part in the management of the company while a shareholder is the owner of the company. It is the basic distinction between a debenture and a share. * Debenture holders will get interest on debentures and will be paid in all circumstances, whether there is profit or loss will not affect the payment of interest on debentures. Shareholder will get a portion of the profits called dividend which is dependent on the profits of the company. It can be declared by the directors of the company out of profits only. * Shares cannot be converted into debentures whereas debentures can be converted into shares. * Debentures will get priority is getting the money back as compared to shareholder in case of liquidation of a company. * There are no restriction on issue of debentures at a discount, whereas shares at discount...
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... 4. Some might describe Williams as “financially distressed”. What evidence is there that Williams’ business may be compromised as a result of its previous financial decisions? 5. As the CEO of Williams, would you recommend accepting the proposed $900 million financing offer? If not, what alternatives would you pursue? B. Dividend Policy at Linear Technology. 1. Describe Linear Technology payout policy. 2. What are Linear’s financing needs? Should Linear return cash to its shareholders? What are the tax consequences of keeping cash inside the firm? 3. If Linear were to pay out its entire cash balance as a special dividend, what would be the effect on value? On the share price? On earnings? On earnings per share? What if Linear repurchased shares instead? Assume a 3% rate of interest. 4. What should Paul Coghlan recommend to the board? C. USX. 1. In 1986, then-chairman and CEO David Roderick described USX as possibly one of “the most restructured corporations in America”. Even so, Carl Icahn believed that further restructuring of the company was still necessary. In late 1990, what operating and/or strategic problems, if any, do USX’s two main businesses still face that would...
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...Companies are not required to take any specific approval from SEBI. Things to remember before considering Bonus Issue Bonus shares cannot be issued if the company has come out with any public / rights issue in the past 12 months. Bonus shares cannot be issued in lieu of Dividend. Bonus shares can be issued only out of free reserves (i.e. reserves not set apart for any specific purpose) built out of the genuine profits or share premium collected in cash only. Bonus shares cannot be issued out of the reserves created by revaluation of fixed assets. If the existing shares are partly paid up, the company cannot issue Bonus Shares. It will be appropriate to first make the shares fully paid up before issuing Bonus Shares. It should be ensured that the company has not defaulted in payment of interest or principal in respect of fixed deposits and interest on existing debentures or principal on redemption thereof and It should be ensured that the company has sufficient reason to believe that it has not defaulted in respect of the payment of statutory dues of the employees such as contribution to provident fund, gratuity, bonus etc. If the company has already issued either fully convertible debentures or partly convertible debentures than in that case the company is required to extend similar benefits to such holders of securities through reservation of shares in proportion to...
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