...Definition Shingles, also known as Herpes zoster and Postherpetic neuralgia, is a viral infection caused by a virus known as the varicella-zoster virus that results in a rash that is painful and irritating. The varicella-zoster virus is the same virus that can lead to developing chickenpox (CDC). Thus, any person that has ever been affected by the chickenpox has the chance of developing shingles. After a person comes down with chicken pox and recovers, the varicella-zoster virus remains in their body and may not cause any more problems or may result in the formation of shingles later in life. When the virus reactivates in the body it forms as shingles (MedlinePlus). Key Features/Signs and Symptoms Beginning signs of shingles are itching, tingling, burning, or shooting pain. These signs are typically noticed on one side of the face or body. Pain levels for these signs range from mild to severe. Between one and fourteen days after experiencing the beginning symptoms, rashes and blisters will start to form. In cases that the rashes and blisters form on the face, vision and hearing may be affected. Other symptoms of shingles may include fever, headache, chills, and upset stomach (CDC). Etiology...
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...Shingles What is shingles? Shingles is a medical condition characterized by reactivation of varicella zoster virus. Varicella zoster is the virus responsible for chicken pox – this disease frequently affects toddlers and presents with diffuse bodily rash with blisters. After contracting this disease, the virus regressed and remains dormant in nerve cells called the dorsal root ganglia. These bundles or ganglia of cells house varicella zoster until a period of time when the body becomes stress or the immune system suppressed. This causes the virus to wake up or reactivate, and travel down nerve dermatomes where they produce painful blisters and rash. This usually occurs on one side of the body. If it involves the face, it may lead to...
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...Shingles is a form of herpes (herpes zoster) caused by the Varicella Zoster Virus. This virus is the same virus that causes the chickenpox in childhood. After an individual is infected with the chickenpox virus and recovers, the virus lays dormant in the body until it is reactivated. A shingles outbreak can cause neurological complications which cause the patient to suffer from pain where the outbreak occurred, long after the rash has cleared up, sometimes for the rest of their lives. This is due to damaged nerve fibers in the cells that were infected with the virus. Both chicken pox and shingles have been prevalent in history, dating back before the 1700s. At this time, doctors had no way to differentiate between chicken pox, shingles, smallpox, or blisters caused by the streptococcus virus due to the similar look of the rashes. It wasn’t until 1953 that Thomas Huckle Weller proved that both rashes came from the Varicella Zoster virus. Symptoms of shingles include pain, burning and itching. These symptoms occur in the nerve cells where the virus has been activated, so they typically occur in a band along only one side of the body. After a few days of this burning sensation, a blistering rash appears on the skin in...
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...the age of 10. A person with chickenpox can spread the virus without even showing any signs or symptoms. It is usually most easily transmitted two to three days before a rash appears and keeps that high transmission rate until the blisters have crusted over. The following paper provides a detailed description of Chickenpox and the determinants of health contributing to the development of the disease. The epidemiologic triangle is used to explain the relationships among an agent, a host and the environment. The paper also addresses the role of the community health nurse in Chickenpox management and discusses the role of one national organization in the fight against the spread of Chickenpox. Description of Chickenpox Chickenpox is an infection caused by the Varicella-Zoster virus. It is considered contagious and is characterized by a itchy rash and appears like blisters all over the body . It occurs most frequently in children between the ages of five and eight years old and is transmitted so easily that the majority of the population will catch the disease at some point in their childhood. Chickenpox can be transmitted by coming into contact with an effected persons blisters, exposure to shingles, or through inhalation of airborne droplets exhumed by a person infected with the condition. The incubation period is 10 to 21 days, and it is contagious for about 6 to 8 days after the rash appears or until all of the blisters have dried out (Arvin, 1996) On first coming in...
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...Communicable Disease Paper Maria G. Sanchez HCS/457 June 29, 2015 Charlotte A. Ferrell Communicable Disease Paper One of the many highly communicable diseases is chickenpox. This communicable disease is caused by varicella-zoster virus (VZV) which has a resemblance with the herpes virus. It can be transmitted in two ways, one through direct contact with the fluids from the blisters, mucus, or saliva and second through air where the virus is disseminated by coughing or sneezing. A person who has chickenpox can spread the virus even before he or she has any symptoms. Chickenpox is regarded as highly communicable for individuals who are exposed to the disease for the first time nor have been vaccinated against it. They have an 80% risk of acquiring the disease through close contact of an infected individual. As claimed by the Pub Med Health, “most children with chickenpox exhibit symptoms like fever, headache, stomach ache, sore throat, loss of appetite, or presence of small, fluid-filled, itchy, red spots over the skin.” Chickenpox causes a red, itchy skin rash that usually appears first on the abdomen or back and face, and then spreads to almost everywhere else on the body, including the scalp, mouth, arms, legs, and genitals. At the time when the chickenpox blisters has dried and formed scabs is the point where the individual isn’t contagious. Chickenpox is normally a mild disease. Each and every individual is at risk of being infected by chickenpox – no exception. It is known...
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...EPIDEMIOLOGY Paper Grand Canyon University: NRS-427V Abstract This paper will provide an overview of the Chickenpox disease process and the effects it has on the population. The paper continues to review how the epidemiological triangle is used and will include the host factors, agent factors (presence or absence), and environmental factors. The writer will try to review the determinants of health and explain how those factors contribute to the development of this disease, and also will see the roles and responsibilities of the community health nurse. In the end the paper discusses the associations, organizations, and national agency that addresses the chicken pox and contributes to resolving or reducing the impact of chickenpox disease. Chickenpox It is studied that 95 % of Americans get chickenpox by adulthood. Chickenpox is highly contagious. According to CDC 4 million people are infected by chickenpox every year. About 120,624 people in the USA were infected in 1995; it decreased to a tremendous 46,016 cases in 1999 in USA [Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR), 1999] Earlier before the chickenpox vaccine was discovered,each year about 11,000 people needed hospitalization for chickenpox in the U.S, and about 100 to 150 people died each year of chickenpox. With the vaccine, cases of chickenpox have dropped by about 90%. Cause Chickenpox is a transmittable illness induced by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV). Babies, adults and individual...
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...Epidemiology Paper- Chicken Pox Grand Canyon University Community/Public Health Nursing NRS-427V August 8, 2015 Chicken Pox or Varicella is a highly contagious viral disease caused by the Varicella-Zoster virus that causes a blister like itchy rash all over the body. The rash is the disclosing indication of chicken pox (Mayo Clinic 2015). While signs and symptoms of chicken pox will usually appear one to two days prior to the rash, the rash itself will last from five to ten days. The symptoms that appear before the rash are headache, fever, general malaise, cough and loss of appetite. There are three phases of rash once it appears; Phase 1 red or pink papules all over the body for several days; Phase 2 The papules turn into vesicles or fluid filled blisters for the period of one day, the vesicles then break and leak; Phase 3 the vesicles scab and become crusted over then take a few more days to heal. There is the possibility to have all three phases of the disease (papules, vesicles and scabs) appearing at one time, as the papules in the beginning, tend to appear for several days. If one is infected with chicken pox, the virus can be spread for 48 hours prior to breaking out in the papules. The patient will then stay contagious until all of the vesicles have scabbed over (Mayo Clinic 2015). The disease itself is mild for most people, but a vaccination is available and a very effective and safe way to prevent chicken pox and its complications. Varicella spreads very...
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...contagious. Each and every individual is at risk of being infected by chickenpox – no exception. It is known to have life threatening effects. As the Directors of Health Promotion and Education states, “in the United States, 4,000 to 9,000 individuals are hospitalized annually with chickenpox, with approximately a hundred casualties. Those at highest risk for complications are newborns, individuals with compromised immune system, and adults.” As chickenpox is caused by a virus, it has no cure and the virus would remain in our system for a lifetime even after we’ve done exhibiting the signs and symptoms of the illness. Furthermore, the virus can induce another kind of illness called shingles. As the varicella-zoster virus shifts into the skin nerve fibers, a painful rash pops out known as the shingles. There are several known complications of chickenpox and these are infections, encephalitis, and hepatitis. Pregnant women are known to be of the highest risk for the virus causes...
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...Final Paper Cindy D. McClay ACC: Principles of Accounting II (CBI1543A) Carolyn Woods 22 November 2015 FINAL PAPER As the controller of ABC Company, the CEO has come to me with a new opportunity that he’s been working on. The CEO would like to use the some of the shingle scrap materials to build cedar dollhouses. While this new product line would add additional raw materials and be more time-intensive to manufacture than the cedar shingles, this new product line will be able to leverage ABC’s existing manufacturing facilities as well as the current staff. Although this product line will require added expenses, it will provide additional revenue and gross profit to help reach the growth targets. The CEO is relying on me to help decide how this project can be afforded I will be providing details about the estimated product costs, what is needed to break even on the project, and what level of return this product is expected to provide. I order to start, we will go ahead and do a company cash flow using the direct method. We will examine what the cash flow says about the funds and if there are ways to improve the cash flow. We will also be suggesting any additional financing beyond what the ABC is providing internally. As we can see from the direct method, the statement shows that the company has a surplus of $180,000, invested $100,000 in fixed assets and $100,000 are paid out as dividend to stock holders. The company can only improve its cash flow position by...
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...Grand Canyon University: NRS-427V 11/23/13 “In 1895 varicella infection (chickenpox) was not reliably distinguished from smallpox until the end of the 19th century. The first vaccine to reduce the risk of herpes zoster was licensed in May 2006.” (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2013) Chickenpox is a highly infectious childhood disease. Varicella zoster virus causes chickenpox, and also shingles. When infected with chickenpox the most well-known symptom are the skin lesions present that appear on the torso then spreading to the rest of the body in rapidly, can take a couple of hours. The skin lesions that are present occur in the stages of macule, vesicle, and granular scabs, the size varies from one to four mm. It only takes a few hours for the first step, macule lesions to spread from the torso which is where the most of the fluid filled vesicles are seen, then to the rest of the body such as the mucous membranes, arms, legs, mouth, head, upper respiratory tract, vaginal/penis areas, and even the conjunctivae/ cornea. The vesicle stage of chickenpox happens when the lesions which resemble blisters can appear raised or depressed in appearance, and the third stage occurs when the blisters open, then dry and become scabs. Approximately by the third day of having chickenpox it is common to see all three of the different stages of vesicles at the same time. The skin lesions commonly two hundred to five hundred are referred to as one crop, with chicken pox...
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...Renaissance of the Design Studio SOCIAL AND BEHAVIOR FACTORS IN DESIGN - ARCH423b PROF. KATHERINE ANTHONY, INSTRUCTOR FALL 2013 - Peter F. smith This paper is in response to reading 'Design Juries on Trial, The Renaissance of the Design Studio, (1999) by Katherine H. Anthony. I am firstly sharing my best design experience at Harvard University School of Design, in a class 'Presentation Skills, and Getting Published', taught by Eugene Kohn, KPF Architects. When attending the presentation skills class, we were broken into small groups and given projects to attend to. When we pursued gathering information for this topic, we were guided by an attorney working for KPF who introduced us to a procedure called 'throwing the long ball'. Mr. Kohn's attorney shared several pages of a method where 3 students could sequentially gather a very large amount of information about a client, and that client's needs. When presenting our project, he used video cameras to record our body language, as we were practicing, like a mock jury, to package our best practiced presentation to our client. Eugene Kohn. ( property of Harvard University) Edward Larrabee Barnes would pull out a piece of paper with a doodle on it from a jacket pocket, then another sketch from another pocket, and so on. And he'd get the job. (Note from E. Kohn) My worst jury, being hesitantly upfront, dealt with chemical...
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...Being forced to eliminate or introduce clinical services within any health care facility because of a budget cut can be extremely difficult and stressful. The appropriate decision-making steps need to be implemented to ensure success to the final outcome. This paper will discuss how one can use the Informed Decision Toolbox to effectively determine which clinical services can be introduced or eliminated in a county clinic with a budget cut of 15%. The best tool used for the decision as well as how the toolbox affects accountability and knowledge transfer will also be discussed. As a manager in a county clinic that provides health care to Medicaid patients, clinical services can become expensive for the facility. Within the clinic, numerous services are offered including: blood pressure screenings, blood sugar testing, pregnancy tests, flu/shingles/HPV vaccinations, yearly examinations for women, free antibiotics for patients, and affordable prescription drugs. Multiple services are offered at the clinic to alleviate the community traveling to different health care facilities for their health care needs. “It is believed that integration of care leads to greater public access, including more equitable access for people from different communities and socio-economic backgrounds, a more convenient and satisfying service, and better health overall” (Dudley & Garner, 2011, para. 2). It is difficult for one to eliminate any of these services because of the budget cut, so Rundall’s...
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...ACC 206 (Principles of Accounting II) Complete Class All Assignments ,DQs and Problems Click Following Link To get Entire Class http://homework-aid.com/ACC-206-Complete-Class-All-Assignments-DQs-and-Problems-617.htm You can get entire class as well as single Assignments and DQs ACC 206 Week 1 Assignment Chapter 1 Problems ACC 206 Week 1 Assignment Chapter 1 Problems Why are noncash transactions, such as the exchange of common stock a building, included on a statement of cash flows? How are these noncash transactions disclosed? Chapter 1 Exercise 1: 1. Classification of activities Classify each of the following transactions as arising from an operating (O), investing (I), financing (F), or noncash investing/financing (N) activity. and so on... Chapter 1 Exercise 4: 4. Overview of direct and indirect methods Evaluate the comments that follow as being True or False. If the comment is false, briefly explain why. a. Both the direct and indirect methods will produce the same cash flow from operating activities. b. Depreciation expense is added back to net income when the indirect method is used. c. One of the advantages of using the direct method rather than the indirect method is that larger cash flows from financing activities will be reported. d. The cash paid to suppliers is normally disclosed on the statement of cash flows when the indirect method of statement preparation is employed. e. The dollar change in the Merchandise...
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...ACC 206 (Principles of Accounting II) Complete Class All Assignments ,DQs and Problems Click Following Link To get Entire Class http://homework-aid.com/ACC-206-Complete-Class-All-Assignments-DQs-and-Problems-617.htm You can get entire class as well as single Assignments and DQs ACC 206 Week 1 Assignment Chapter 1 Problems ACC 206 Week 1 Assignment Chapter 1 Problems Why are noncash transactions, such as the exchange of common stock a building, included on a statement of cash flows? How are these noncash transactions disclosed? Chapter 1 Exercise 1: 1. Classification of activities Classify each of the following transactions as arising from an operating (O), investing (I), financing (F), or noncash investing/financing (N) activity. and so on... Chapter 1 Exercise 4: 4. Overview of direct and indirect methods Evaluate the comments that follow as being True or False. If the comment is false, briefly explain why. a. Both the direct and indirect methods will produce the same cash flow from operating activities. b. Depreciation expense is added back to net income when the indirect method is used. c. One of the advantages of using the direct method rather than the indirect method is that larger cash flows from financing activities will be reported. d. The cash paid to suppliers is normally disclosed on the statement of cash flows when the indirect method of statement preparation is employed. e. The dollar change in the Merchandise...
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...Concepts in community and public health Safaa Soueid Grand Canyon University: NRS-427V-0191 March 16,2014 Communicable disease is a disordered caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi or parasites. Many organisms live in our body, normally they are unable to cause harm, but under certain circumstances may cause diseases (Mayo Clinic, 2013). The mode of transmission may vary; some infectious diseases may be transmitted via contact from person to person, or caused by bites from insects or animals (Mayo Clinic, 2013). Signs and symptoms may vary but very often include fever and chills (Mayo Clinic, 2013). The communicable disease chosen for this paper is chickenpox or varicella. Varicella is an infection caused by a virus called varicella zoster virus or VZV (CDC, 2012). The mentioned infection also is well known by herpes zoster and dates to the ancient civilizations; it was reported in 1888 that a relation between herpes zoster and chickenpox was suggested (PubMed, 2000). In 1954, Thomas Weller isolated the VZV virus from the fluids contained in the vesicles of both chickenpox and herpes zoster lesions in cell culture (CDC, 2012). In the 1970 a varicella vaccine was developed in Japan (CDC, 2012). The vaccine was licensed to use in the United States of America in 1995, and the vaccine that helps reduce the risk of herpes zoster was licensed in 2006 (CDC, 2012). VZV is a DNA virus and one of the herpes virus group, VZV persists in the body after the first infection, that...
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