...An organization should always adopt a broad stance on social responsibility. There are arguments for, and against how much an organization should be socially responsible for, but I feel that they should be as responsible as possible without causing too much conflict with the stakeholders. Milton Friedman held the view that the primary responsibility of a business is to make a profit (Friedman, 1970); it is not incumbent on them to be concerned about social problems. CEO’s and their employees may live in the same community as their friends and relatives, so they all have a stake in the success of the organizations. Some of those same people may also be stakeholders in the organization, thus the business must then walk a fine line between supporting a cause, and doing what is best for the stakeholders. The head of the organization, however, is a person in that community, too. He has a family, for whom he is responsible, he goes to church, and has other feelings of responsibility to other things, perhaps a specific charity. The Coca-Cola Company finds itself socially responsible for the people in other parts of the world (The Coca-Cola Company, 2012). They contribute to the community in which the workers live, helping the children get an adequate education, and assisting in improving infrastructures Organizations take from the community in many ways also. They may, in the process of conducting business, pollute the water; it is then their responsibility...
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...An organisation is a formal structure of relationships, responsibilities and authorities through which specific objectives are achieved. 'A work organisation is a social arrangement for the controlled performance of collective goals' (Buchanan and Huczynski, 2004). Purposes of different types of Organisation: Business organisations: To make a profit in a socially standard way. For example: Airlines, Fast food. Non-profit service organisations: They want to help to all of people without any profit. For example: NHS, Universities. Mutual-benefit organisations: Individuals join together to pursue their own self-interest. For example: Clubs, Trade Union. Commonweal organisations: They provide service to all members of a given population. For example: Fire Service, Police. Organisations by their intended purpose: Purpose Primary beneficiary Examples Business Owners Manufacturers, Fast-food, Restaurants Non profit services Clients Universities, Hospitals Mutual-benefit Members Unions, Clubs Commonweal Public at large Police, Public schools Classifying Organizations: Sector classification: Private enterprise organisations: A "private sector" organisation is one that is owned and controlled by private individuals, not the government and usually exists to make a profit for its shareholders. Public sector organisations: A "public sector" organisation is one that is controlled by...
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... External Current Account Growth Fiscal Adjustment to Ensure Sustainability Links to Other Policy InstrumentsHow Should the Fiscal Stance Be Assessed? Fiscal Impact of Alternative Methods of Deficit Financing Other Measures Used to Assess the Fiscal Stance The Sensitivity of a Fiscal Assessment to the Time Frame of Analysis Definition of Government Accounts for Macroeconomic Analysis Coverage of Government Operations Timing of the Impact of Fiscal Transactions Defining the "Overall Fiscal Balance"How Much Fiscal Adjustment Is Required? A Framework for Fiscal Adjustment Determining the Amount of Fiscal Adjustment Reducing the Fiscal Deficit Quality of AdjustmentHow Should Fiscal Adjustment Be Effected? Measures to Improve the Tax System and Increase Revenue Characteristics of a Desirable Tax System Design of Major Taxes Rationalization of Expenditure Policies Expenditure Reduction in the Short Run Structural Public Expenditure ReformReferencesBoxes1. Adverse Consequences of Excessive Fiscal Expansion for Growth2. The Exchange Rate Effects of Fiscal Policy3. Quasi-Fiscal Activities of Public Financial Institutions4. When Should a Country Run a Fiscal Surplus?5. Technical Assistance for Growth6. Social Safety Nets7. Reforming Tax Administration8. The Budget and Expenditure...
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...com/q/bus-475-complete-course-bus475-complete-course/25712 http://workbank247.com/q/bus-475-complete-course-bus475-complete-course/25712 BUS 475 Week 1 Discussion "Assessing Stakeholder Positions" Please respond to the following: * Apple is about to release its latest technology. The company needs to develop a plan to communicate with key stakeholders about the release. You have been tasked with identifying those main stakeholders and selecting the method for communicating with each group. Summarize your plan in a two to three paragraph post. BUS 475 Week 1 Quiz 1 * Question 1 | | | All of the following are external stakeholders of the firm except: | | | | | | | | | * Question 2 | | | Departments, or offices, within an organization that reach across the dividing line that separates the company from groups and people in society are: | | | | | | | | | * Question 3 | | | When something stands out from a background, is seen as important, or draws attention it is: | | | | | | | | | * Question 4 | | | With the explosive growth of technologies that facilitate the sharing of information, this kind of stakeholder power has become increasingly important: | | | | | | | | | * Question 5 | | | Which argument says that stakeholder management realistically depicts how companies really work? | | | | | | | | | * Question 6 | | | A firm subscribing to the ownership theory of the firm would mainly...
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...Bartlett, MNC is a firm that has substantial direct investment in foreign countries that it actively manages.2 the value of their sales in host countries overpasses the value of trade (imports and exports) in today’s World economy. Multinational companies attracted scientific and public attention from the moment of their appearance, and especially from the beginning of their intensive growth (during the 1960s). There are many interesting and important issues concerning MNC that have been elaborated in the literature such as motives of internationalization, forms and strategies of internationalization, effects on host and home countries, political aspects of MNC activities, Emerging forms of international business financings, corporate social responsibility of MNC, relationship between the headquarters and MNCnaffiliates, etc. Definition of...
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...The conflict and crime model of justice places a high priority on reducing criminal activity in society by increasing the powers of law enforcement personnel and the prosecutors. The consensus and due process model places emphasis on the individual’s rights and liberty and is concerned about the overwhelming power of the government over the individual. The role each plays is the same, which means each model is funded by the government. The crime control model is in complete agreement with programs that are funded to prosecute with an iron hand. The due process model supporters want less government involvement and more humane treatment. The United States is at great risk in the war against terror. The American homeland is not secure even though there have been several new laws passed such as the Patriot Act, the Visa Reform Act, enhanced border security, and reorganization of several federal government agencies into the Department of Homeland Security. The United States Department of Justice has asked that state and local law enforcement help secure the American homeland. The federal government has groups involved in maintaining border security, other officers working on immigration enforcement, but many feel as though the government has taken a “hear no evil, see no evil and speak no evil” approach to illegal immigration. Police at the state and local levels often are puzzled about how much authority they have in regard to immigration laws. Local law enforcement officers...
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...Between Profit-Seeking and Prosociality: Corporate Social Responsibility as Derridean Supplement Cameron Sabadoz Received: 3 December 2010 / Accepted: 5 May 2011 / Published online: 24 May 2011 Ó Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2011 Abstract This article revolves around the debate surrounding the lack of a coherent definition for corporate social responsibility (CSR). I make use of Jacques Derrida’s theorizing on contested meaning to argue that CSR’s ambiguity is actually necessary in light of its functional role as a ‘‘supplement’’ to corporate profit-seeking. As a discourse that refuses to conclusively resolve the tension between profit-seeking and prosociality, CSR expresses an important critical perspective which demands that firms act responsibly, while retaining the overall corporate frame of shareholder supremacy. CSR does this by ambivalently affirming both profit-seeking and prosociality, a necessary contradiction. Attempts to reduce CSR’s ambiguity can thus only succeed by undermining its viability as a normative discourse that captures how certain elements of society understand how firms should act. The analysis suggests that greater scholarly attention is needed with regard to the material discursive environments within which discourses such as CSR are deployed. A discursive approach to research could thus benefit future practitioners, who have to act according to fluid standards of responsibility that cannot be authoritatively defined, but which...
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...Games: d. All of the above 8. SBU stands for c. Strategic Business Unit 9. The BCG matrix is known as: a. Growth share matrix 10. ______________ specifies sales revenues and selling distribution and marketing costs. b. Sales budget ________________________________________ Section A: Part Two: 1. What are the dimensions of Strategic management? Answer: Strategic management process involves the entire range of decisions. Typically, strategic issues have six identifiable dimensions: 1. Top management involvement: Strategic management relates to several areas of a firm’s operations. So, it requires top management’s involvement. Generally, only the top management has the perspective needed to understand the broad implication of its decisions and the power to authorize the necessary resource allocations. 2. Requirement of large amounts of resources: Strategic management requires commitments of the firm to action over an extended period of time. So they require substantial resources, such as, physical assets, money, manpower etc. 3....
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...EPG SHRM Foundation’s Effective Practice Guidelines Series HRM’s Role in Corporate Social and Environmental Sustainability Produced in partnership with the World Federation of People Management Associations (WFPMA) and the North American Human Resource Management Association (NAHRMA) HRM’s Role in Corporate Social and Environmental Sustainability This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information regarding the subject matter covered. Neither the publisher nor the author is engaged in rendering legal or other professional service. If legal advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent, licensed professional should be sought. Any federal and state laws discussed in this book are subject to frequent revision and interpretation by amendments or judicial revisions that may significantly affect employer or employee rights and obligations. Readers are encouraged to seek legal counsel regarding specific policies and practices in their organizations. This book is published by the SHRM Foundation, an affiliate of the Society for Human Resource Management (SHRM®). The interpretations, conclusions and recommendations in this book are those of the author and do not necessarily represent those of the SHRM Foundation. ©2012 SHRM Foundation. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. This publication may not be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in whole or in part...
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...world-has been stymied recently due in part to consumer reaction to conflicts involving management practices in its suppliers' factories in the Far East. Among the accusations-poor working conditions, low wages, enforced over time, and harsh, sometimes brutal, discipline and corporal punishment. Levi Strauss & Co. was recently confronted with the challenge of how to deal with contractors in Bangladesh that employed young children, a legal practice in Bangladesh, but one contrary to Levi's company policy. The fact that these chil dren were often a sole or significant source of their family income further complicated the mat ter. Tony Anderson, Chairman and CEO of H. B. Fuller Company, was faced with a decision re garding the company's responsibility for illegiti mate use of one of its products. Resistol, a tolu ene-based glue, has become an addictive drug of choice for many Central American street chil dren. These "Resistoleros" inhale the glue and often experience violent reactions and serious health problems, including kidney failure and brain damage. ness practices. Ethical conflicts may involve a variety of issues: • bribery and extortion, as in the highly publicized case of Lockheed, which made $12.5 million in payments to Japanese agents and government officials to secure an impor tant order from Nippon Air. This incident was a major impetus for the passage of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act in 1977. • human rights concerns, like those now being debated in the...
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...Communicating Corporate Social Responsibility - A Discussion of the CSR Phenomenon and CSR Communication, With Empirical Focus on NOKIA Author: Martin Lykke Jacobsen (271128) Supervisor: Dorrit Bøilerehauge June 2006 MA in International Business Communication – International Marketing, Communication & Public Relations (Cand.ling.merc. – International Informationsmedarbejder) Faculty of Language and Business Communication, English Department, Aarhus School of Business Table of Contents 1 Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 1 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 2 Purpose ........................................................................................................................... 1 Theory and Method ......................................................................................................... 2 Delimitation .................................................................................................................... 4 Structure ......................................................................................................................... 6 Corporate Social Responsibility ........................................................................................... 8 2.1 Defining CSR................................................................................................................... 8 2.1.1 Corporate Citizenship ..................
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...9-906-415 REV: NOVEMBER 14, 2006 CHRISTOPHER A. BARTLETT VINCENT DESSAIN ANDERS SJÖMAN IKEA’s Global Sourcing Challenge: Indian Rugs and Child Labor (B) After more than a decade spent struggling with the issue of child labor, Marianne Barner felt good about how IKEA had responded. But occasionally, she found herself wondering whether the progress the global furniture retailer had made was real and durable. Just as it had in the mid-1990s, in 2005 the company could still find itself on the defensive in dealing with the issue. Even more troubling to Barner was that after 10 years of working to prevent child labor among IKEA’s suppliers— introducing a clear code of conduct, developing internal controls and third-party audits, training its suppliers, supporting their corrective actions, and instituting stiff sanctions against offenders—the company was still finding cases of child labor in its supply chain. The latest issue had been drawn to Barner’s attention by Kaisa Mattson, the head of IKEA’s compliance office in south Asia. Like Barner herself a decade before, Mattson was facing the decision of whether to terminate a relationship with a long-standing major supplier. This one, however, had violated not one but several items in IKEA’s detailed code of conduct, known as “The IKEA Way on Purchasing Products”—or IWAY for short. Venkat Industries was a textile mill with over 10,000 workers, and a recent audit had shown that it had stopped using the water treatment plant it had...
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...between male and female, and is a result socio – cultural construction, it describes the characteristics that a society or culture delineates as masculine or feminine. Thus the term gender has social, cultural and attitudinal connotations. Gender is a set of characteristics distinguishing between male and female, and is a result socio – cultural construction, it describes the characteristics that a society or culture delineates as masculine or feminine. Thus the term gender has social, cultural and attitudinal connotations. Sex on the other hand refers to the biological differences in chromosomes, hormonal profiles as well as internal and external sexual organs or genitalia.The term sex since classical times has been used to designate matters related to biological and anatomical makeup of a person. Thus while ones’ sex as male or female is a biological and universal fact that is however not the same with gender since sex is tends to be similar across all cultures while gender varies one society to another. Sex relates to the biological characteristics that categorise someone as either female or male; whereas gender refers to the socially determined ideas and practices of what it is to be female or male. Patriarchy - Systemic societal structures that institutionalise male physical, social and economic power over women. Culture - The distinctive patterns of ideas, beliefs, and norms which characterise the way of life and relations of a society or group within a society. Gender...
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...Making the Shift to the Next-Generation Enterprise (a multi-part series) Future of Work Enabler: Virtual Collaboration Cloud-powered social and mobile tools can help break down traditional hierarchies and enable employees across disciplines to easily locate and share business-critical insights with experts inside and outside the organization’s four walls. This report is an installment in our multi-part series that explores the shifts necessary for future-proofing your company. | FUTURE OF WORK ation Executive Summary In today’s knowledge economy, virtual teams are the norm. With expertise distributed around the world, teams “swarm” to complete a task and depart when finished. Knowledge work is not performed in linear, production-line fashion; it involves idea-sharing, iterative discussions and real-time modifications. In traditional business, change was first agreed upon, then planned and executed. But in today’s world, change happens organically, thanks to the interconnectedness afforded by social networks and the Web, otherwise known as “wirearchy.”1 Roles and responsibilities — once carved into the org chart — are fluid and ever-changing. The most valuable contributor to a project may turn out to be someone you don’t even know. Leaders aren’t appointed or anointed by management; they’re recognized by the community based on the perceived strength of their contributions. Leadership is dynamic and changes during the lifetime of a project; the way forward is often...
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...Development Q1. Define OD and enlist its important characteristics. Ans. The literature contains several definitions of OD, to quote a few: • OD is a response to change, a complex educational strategy intended to change the beliefs, attitudes, values and structure of organization so they can better adopt new technologies, markets and challenges, and the dizzying rate of change itself ( Bennis, 1969). • OD is planned process of change in an organization’s culture through the utilization of behavioral science, technology, research and theory. ( Burke 1982) • Organizational Development is an effort (1)planned,(2) organizational wide, (3) managed from the top, (4) to increase organization effectiveness and health through (5) planned interventions in the organization’s processes, using behavioral science knowledge. (Beckhard,1969) Let us examine this definition: 1. It is a planned change effort. An OD program involves a systematic diagnosis of the organization, the development of strategic plan for improvement, and the mobilization of resources to carry out the effort. 2. It involves the total system. An organization development effort is related to a total organization change in the culture and the reward system or the total managerial strategy. 3. It is managed from the top. In an OD effort the top management of the system has personal investment in the program and it’s outcomes. They actively participates in the management of the effort...
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