...Should Electronic Cigarettes Be Regulated As Traditional Cigarettes? Recently, there has been a national discourse concerning the extent to which the government should meddle in the regulation and taxation of electronic cigarettes, or e-cigarettes. Some states are in favor of taxation on these products, but others are not. Anti-smoking advocates push for more restrictions and higher taxes for the product, but many others disagree, arguing that e-cigarettes are a healthy alternative to traditional cigarettes. As of right now, the Food and Drug Administration has no regulative control over e-cigarettes because they are currently not considered to be medical products. E-cigarettes are battery-powered substitutes which heat up liquid nicotine into a vapor. As such, they do not contain any of the additional hundreds of cancer-causing chemicals or tar that you would get from smoking tobacco-based cigarettes. The current marketing of the product is to attract current smokers to the product, rather than serve as a medical smoking cessation aide, which would have been under regulatory authority of the FDA. Because of this, they are considered to tobacco products, under the regulatory authority of the bureau of alcohol, firearms, and tobacco. However, as a newer product, they are not itemized on current tobacco-related laws, & don’t contain actual tobacco plant, therefore letting them escape the many penalties imposed on such products. We do not believe that it would make...
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...Name: Instructor: Course: Date: Teenage Smoking in Florida Smoking is a common demeanor in many individuals in the country. However, teenagers in Florida have developed the habit of smoking that raises a lot of concern. The teenage smoking frequently commences in schools with the majority of the cases being in the high schools. Also, important to note is the fact the residential nature of the teenagers also inflicts the habit of smoking in them. Teenage smoking has adverse effects on those who engage in this harmful behavior. Smoking results in various health complications in the teenagers. Research evinces that people who smoke consume close to 400 toxic chemicals including; cyanide, benzene, formaldehyde, nicotine, ammonia, acetylene and carbon monoxide. Early smoking increases the risk of teenagers later having emphysema, strokes and chronic bronchitis. Moreover, smoking diminishes the performance of the teenagers in school through decreased concentration and incessant truancy (HealthyChildren.org, 2014, p. 1). Teenage smoking in Florida begins as early as 12 years of age with the majority being between 14 years to 19 years of age. There are various causes of teenage smoking in Florida. Many will claim that the problem results from peer pressure whereby teenagers feel the pressure to imitate the demeanor of their peers. Another reason is that teenagers feel that smoking makes them look older or more mature. Others smoke out of a sense of rebellion. Most of the teenagers...
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...Global Business Today 6e by Charles W.L. Hill McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2009 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 2 National Differences in Political Economy Introduction Question: What is the political economy of a country? A country’s political economy refers to its political, economic, and legal systems These systems are interdependent, and interact and influence each other A country’s political system has major implications for the practice of international business 2-3 Political Systems A political system is the system of government in a nation Political systems can be assessed in terms of the degree to which they emphasize collectivism as opposed to individualism in terms of the degree to which they are democratic or totalitarian 2-4 Classroom Performance System The political, economic and legal systems of a country are called a) Political systems b) Economic systems c) Legal systems d) Political economy 2-5 Collectivism and Individualism Collectivism refers to a system that stresses the primacy of collective goals over individual goals Collectivism can be traced to the ancient Greek philosopher Plato Today, socialists support collectivism When collectivism is emphasized, the needs of the society as whole are generally viewed as being more important than individual freedoms 2-6 Collectivism and Individualism Socialism Modern socialists trace their roots to Karl Marx who advocated state...
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...National Differences in Political Economy Learning objectives • Understand how the political systems of countries differ. • Understand how the economic systems of countries differ. • Understand how the legal systems of countries differ. • Be able to explain what determines the level of economic development of a nation. • Discuss the macro-political and economic changes taking place worldwide. • Describe how transition economies are moving towards market based systems. • Articulate the implications for management practice of national differences in political economy. This chapter discusses differences in national political, economic, and legal systems, highlighting the ways in which managers in global settings need to be sensitive to these differences. Political differences are described along two dimensions: collectivist vs. individualist and democratic vs. totalitarian. Economic systems are explored in terms of market characteristics: market economies, command economies, and mixed economies. Legal systems are discussed in terms of the protections they offer for business: intellectual property, product safety, liability and contracts. The opening case explores the political and economic situation in Venezuela since Hugo Chavez was elected president in 1998. The closing case describes the challenges facing Indonesia, a vast country populated mainly by Muslims that stretches over 17,000 islands. Indonesia...
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...Sustainability of Microfinance Self Help Groups in India: Would Federating Help? Ajai Nair, Graduate Student Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs Princeton University Abstract Self Help Group (SHG) banking is the primary mode of microfinance in India today, reaching over six million families. In spite of its considerable outreach, successful savings mobilization and high repayment rates, as with most other microfinance models, the financial viability of SHG banking has not been clear. SHG federations attempt to provide financial viability and sustainability to SHG banking. This study explores the merits of federating and finds that SHG federations create economies of scale, reduce promotional and transaction costs, enable provision of value added services and increase empowerment of the poor. Acknowledgements This study was done for the South Asia Region Finance and Private Sector Development Unit of the World Bank. The support of Sophie Sirtaine at the World Bank, who helped design the study and took time to read through the different drafts, is gratefully acknowledged. I thank all the organizations visited and individuals interviewed for their cooperation, and participants of the various fora at which the initial drafts were presented for their valuable comments. I also thank Marilou, Director, South Asia Region Finance and Private Sector Development Unit and other members of the unit for...
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...Chapter 1 The Globalization of Starbucks -company focused on selling a “thirdplace” experience, rather than just coffee -first target outside US was Japan and the company established a joint venture with a local retailer -Starbucks format was then licensed to the venture which then took over responsibility for growing the Starbucks presence in Japan -Starbucks transferred employees to the Japanese operation -all employees went to training classes -stores had to adhere to design parameters established in US -took its success here and went to other foreign markets -purchases mainly Fair Trade Certified coffee to promote environmental responsibility -Starbucks has shown that glo Globalization (shift towards a more integrated and interdependent world economy): +: Expand revenue by selling around the world and reduce costs by producing in nations where lower input costs -: increases competition and drives price down Globalization of markets refers to the merging of historically distinct and separate national markets into one huge global marketplace Most global markets are markets for industrial goods and materials that serve a universal need the world over such as market for commodities (aluminum, oil, and wheat), industrial products (commercial jet aircraft), computer software, and financial asses Firms follow eachother around the world so greater uniformity replaces diversity Globalization of production: sourcing of goods and services from locations around...
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...Chapter 01 Globalization Answer Key True / False Questions 1. As a result of globalization, we have been moving toward a world in which national economies are (p. 7) relatively self-contained entities. FALSE Over the past three decades a fundamental shift has been occurring in the world economy. We have been moving away from a world in which national economies were relatively self-contained entities. AACSB: Analytic Blooms: Remember Difficulty: 1 Easy Learning Objective: 01-01 Understand what is meant by the term globalization. Topic: Introduction 2. By offering the same basic product worldwide, firms help to create a global market. TRUE Consumer products such as Citigroup credit cards, Coca-Cola soft drinks, video games, McDonald’s hamburgers, Starbucks coffee, and IKEA furniture are frequently held up as prototypical examples of this trend. The firms that produce these products are more than just benefactors of this trend; they are also facilitators of it. By offering the same basic product worldwide, they help to create a global market. AACSB: Analytic Blooms: Remember Difficulty: 1 Easy Learning Objective: 01-01 Understand what is meant by the term globalization. Topic: What Is Globalization? 3. A company has to be the size of a multinational giant to facilitate, and benefit from, the globalization of markets. FALSE A company does not have to be the size of multinational giants to facilitate, and benefit from, the ...
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...Anthropology Lecture 1 introduction Common Misconceptions with Drugs . The effect of a drug is caused solely by its pharmacological properties and effects. . Some drugs are instantly addictive . The gateway/ stepping stone theory - the use of 1 drug leads to the use of other more dangerous drugs What are drugs ? Krivanek's definition : Drugs are substances that are introduced into the body knowingly but not as food. Therefore illicit drugs, legal recreational drugs and legal but regulated pharmaceutical drugs that aren't recreational at all. - Whether if a drug is considered bad and is prohibited depends on the culture of the society in a particular period. What is culture ? The definition of culture = Through Roger keesing and Andrew Strathern's definition it is a system of shared ideas, rules and meanings that underlie and are expressed in the ways that human live. - This includes : law, beliefs, political economy, media and popular culture - this perceives ideas about what is normal and abnormal to society. " Culture is always changing and contested, not unified" Enthography as a method for studying drug use It is a process of observing, recoding and describing other peoples way of life through intimate participation the community being studied". - Participation observation, involving yourself in the life of the community , taking up the life of the other person, observing their actions, asking questions and learning what questions...
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...RIGA GRADUATE SCHOOL OF LAW THE IMPLEMENTATION OF INTERNATIONAL STATE RESPONSIBILITY NATIONAL SPACE LEGISLATION IN THE EU (title) INTO MASTER’S THESIS AUTHOR: DMYTRO CHYBISOV LL.M 2007/2008 year student student number LLM00703 JANE SMITH________________ (name, surname) TUTOR: Professor____________________ (academic title) DECLARATION OF HONOUR: I declare that this thesis is my own work, and that all references to, or quotations from, the work of others are fully and correctly cited. (Signed) …………………………………. RIGA, 2008 2 SUMMARY In Part I the general provisions of space treaties and principles of public international law briefly summarized. An overview of “appropriate state”, “launching state” terms and international responsibility and liability issues also discussed there. Part I is supposed to introduce current international legal tools available for the regulation of space activities. It explains what is international space law, why it is important and how does it work. Moreover, certain aspects of legal treatment of governmental and non-governmental entities are comprehensively discussed. The analogy between international space law and maritime law was also reiterated. Part I particularly examines each of three main space treaties and the problematic points arising from their interpretation. The enforcement mechanism is also analyzed. It was the idea to pick up an issue and then to analyze it using the common sense and legal logic with the view...
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...COMMON PROSPECTUS Master’s Degree Bachelor’s Degree Diplomas Certificates Indira Gandhi National Open University Maidan Garhi, New Delhi-110068, INDIA | www.ignou.ac.in Price: Rs. 100/- by cash at the counter | Rs. 150/- by Registered Post Electronic version of the prospectus is available for download at: http://www.ignou.ac.in Online Admission & Payment Gateway RECOGNITION IGNOU is a CENTRAL UNIVERSITY established by an Act of Parliament in 1985 (Act No. 50 of 1985). IGNOU Degrees/Diplomas/Certificates are recognised by all the member institutions of the Association of Indian Universities (AIU) and are at par with Degrees/Diplomas/Certificates of all Indian Universities/Deemed Universities/Institutions. Prepared & vetted at: Student Registration Division © Indira Gandhi National Open University March 2012 Print Production Mr B. Natarajan, DR(P) Mr Arvind Kumar, AR(P) Mr Ajit Kumar, So(P) IGNOU Offers “Round the Year Admission” to its Programmes under the ‘Walk-in-Admission’ Scheme. Candidates can obtain admission application forms from Regional Centre, Student Registration Divisions (SRD), IGNOU Headquarters and also can download the Prospectus and application form from the university website at ww.ignou.ac.in. Candidates can submit the same only at the Regional Centres concerned either by post or in person. Application forms can be submitted online and programme fee can be paid online through the internet payment gateway. CUT OFF DATES FOR WALK-IN-ADMISSION: Please...
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...Edited by Kristen Walker Painemilla, Anthony B. Rylands, Alisa Woofter and Cassie Hughes Edited by Kristen Walker Painemilla, Anthony B. Rylands, Alisa Woofter and Cassie Hughes Conservation International 2011 Crystal Drive, Suite 500 Arlington, VA 22202 USA Tel: +1 703-341-2400 www.conservation.org Editors : Kristen Walker Painemilla, Anthony B. Rylands, Alisa Woofter and Cassie Hughes Cover design Paula K. Rylands, Conservation International : Layout: Kim Meek, Washington, DC Maps [except where noted otherwise] Kellee Koenig, Conservation International : Conservation International is a private, non-profit organization exempt from federal income tax under section 501 c (3) of the Internal Revenue Code. ISBN 978-1-934151-39-6 © 2010 by Conservation International All rights reserved. The designations of geographical entities in this publication, and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of Conservation International or its supporting organizations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Any opinions expressed in this publication are those of the writers, and do not necessarily reflect those of Conservation International (CI). Suggested citation: Walker Painemilla, K., Rylands, A. B., Woofter, A. and Hughes, C. (eds.). 2010. Indigenous Peoples and Conservation: From Rights to Resource Management. Conservation...
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...markets, the economic impact of technology and innovation, and urbanization. Recent reports have assessed job creation, resource productivity, cities of the future, and the impact of the Internet. MGI is led by McKinsey & Company directors Richard Dobbs and James Manyika. Yougang Chen, Michael Chui, Susan Lund, and Jaana Remes serve as MGI principals. Project teams are led by a group of senior fellows and include consultants from McKinsey’s offices around the world. These teams draw on McKinsey’s global network of partners and industry and management experts. In addition, leading economists, including Nobel laureates, act as research advisers. The partners of McKinsey & Company fund MGI’s research; it is not commissioned by any business, government, or other institution. For further information about MGI and to download reports, please visit www.mckinsey.com/mgi....
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