...Ethical Treatment of Prisoners Name SOC120: Introduction to Ethics & Social Responsibility Instructor: November 20, 2012 The life of prisoners some may never know. There are those who care not to know what goes on behind that wired fence. We find that some people that are convicted of crimes that they did not commit. Some people would rather turn their heads to what actually happens in a prison institution, because they feel it is no concern of theirs. Innocent women and men face a disaster in life when they find their selves incarcerated in such facility as these. The treatment in prison facilities toward prisoners with health issues or those who develop health concerns that head officials should take control over. Prisoners receive neglect in many different ways that may end their lives. In my essay, I will share with you the life of a man in prison and the treatment that he received from correctional officers. Every prison environment makes it hard to assure minimal standards for ethical research and voluntary informed consent and privacy. Privacy for those who are in these facilities has many concerns to family members who are looking in from the outside. Health issues and concerns for inmates and neglect that occurs in correctional facilities have been concerns that continue to go unnoticed. The state seems to under staff in some areas of managing inmate’s health problems. There are many who may go unattended...
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...individuals from illegal detention. Modern day, habeas corpus is mainly used as a solution prior to conviction for state and federal prisoners who challenge the legality of the application of federal laws that were used in judicial proceedings that resulted in the detainment of the individual ( Kavarsky,2014). This essay will examine the evolution of habeas corpus in the United States, how it affects civil liberties, and its effects on the war on terror. The most famous habeas corpus case was that of slave Dred Scott, who attempted to sue for his freedom. Earlier another slave by the name of James Somersett ran away from his master while in England. He was later captured but supporters obtained a writ of habeas corpus that required his captors to produce Sommersett in court where he sued for his freedom. Almost a century later, Dred Scott petitioned the U.S Federal Courts for a writ of habeas corpus. It was granted and later upheld in a court of appeals in 1857, in one of the most controversial cases in American history. The Supreme Court ruled Scott Seven to Two. The court found that no slave or descendent of a slave could be an American citizen, and so Scott was not considered a “person” within the purview of the constitution. Therefore he did not possess the rights of habeas corpus (McElroy.2009). Habeas Corpus or translated as “you should have the body” first appeared in the Magna Carta of 1215 and is the oldest human right in the history of English-Speaking civilization...
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...constructed”. This ideology encapsulates four main principles which are assumed fundamental to the course of administrative proceedings. First, it should be noted that any administrative act that will result in affecting the legal rights, interests or legitimate expectations of an individual must have legal validation, second, everyone and anyone is subject to the law, including those who hold government titles, third, it can be said that the legality of an administrative act must be determined by judges who are independent of the government and lastly, the law should always be both easily anticipated and straightforwardly...
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...The Writ of Habeas Corpus Research Paper and Essay Charlie Potter American Government June 2, 2009 Mr. Potter PART 1 - HABEAS CORPUS RESEARCH PAPER “By this action we should call him King Lincoln I.” - Anti-war Democrats, 1863 INTRODUCTION English in origin, the concept of habeas corpus literally means “that you have the body,” meaning that the court can force the police to produce a prisoner before them for review of their case. While complex in its use, a writ of habeas corpus forms the foundation for the rights of the accused since it allows one branch of the government (the courts) to check and balance the actions of another (the police) in criminal proceedings. And yet, while habeas corpus has been maintained as a fundamental right of the imprisoned, this protection has been tampered with in our history, making habeas corpus sometimes a casualty of our desire for security during times of crisis. Constitutional Principles Several constitutional principal are expressed through habeas corpus, the foremost being checks and balances and that the accused are afforded due process. The framers of the Constitution knew that governments become abusive of the rights of citizens when there is no power to check that abuse and when the treatment of the accused is arbitrary. The use of habeas corpus is in fact one of the few constitutional rights enshrined in the main body of the Constitution instead of the amendments, and is established...
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...The Writ of Habeas Corpus Research Paper and Essay Charlie Potter American Government June 2, 2009 Mr. Potter PART 1 - HABEAS CORPUS RESEARCH PAPER “By this action we should call him King Lincoln I.” - Anti-war Democrats, 1863 INTRODUCTION English in origin, the concept of habeas corpus literally means “that you have the body,” meaning that the court can force the police to produce a prisoner before them for review of their case. While complex in its use, a writ of habeas corpus forms the foundation for the rights of the accused since it allows one branch of the government (the courts) to check and balance the actions of another (the police) in criminal proceedings. And yet, while habeas corpus has been maintained as a fundamental right of the imprisoned, this protection has been tampered with in our history, making habeas corpus sometimes a casualty of our desire for security during times of crisis. Constitutional Principles Several constitutional principal are expressed through habeas corpus, the foremost being checks and balances and that the accused are afforded due process. The framers of the Constitution knew that governments become abusive of the rights of citizens when there is no power to check that abuse and when the treatment of the accused is arbitrary. The use of habeas corpus is in fact one of the few constitutional rights enshrined in the main body of the Constitution...
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...accounted for 5.8% of the total prison population and 9.3% of the jail population nationwide. (NWLC) Although the proportion of prisoners who are women is relatively small, women make up the fastest growing subset of the entire prison population. For this reason, and because male supremacy and sexist justice are so intimately related to this problem, a separate consideration of women in prison is needed. Male privilege and domination, and the protection of that privilege have long been and continue to be central to the criminal prosecution system. In this essay I will consider three main subjects in this regard: Social and economical causes of female violence, what’s the reaction of society and justice system to it, how prison works in this society and what’s its effect on female prisoners? Social and Economical Causes of Female Violence First I will consider social and economical causes of female violence. Who are the women in prison? The profile that emerges in study after study is that of young, single mother with few job skills, a high school dropout whom lives below the poverty level are the most typical women in prison. Seventy-five percent are between the ages of twenty-five and thirty-four, are mothers of dependent children, and were unemployed at the time of arrest. Many left home early and have experienced sexual and physical abuse. Ninety percent have a drug or alcohol-related history. Another extremely significant factor is the race of incarcerated women. Why these women...
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...Curran Dwyer - Incarceration Essay Two October 25, 2009 The American Dream is predicated on the myth that in America, anyone can do anything if they have talent and a willingness to work hard. The implicit corollary is that if you end up poor, it is your own fault because you aren’t smart enough, you didn’t work hard enough, or both. Research suggests otherwise. A number of factors that play important roles in determining the life outcome of the individual are completely beyond the control of the individual. These factors include task commitment, positive reinforcement, good social skills, access to opportunity, good health, and good luck (Comer, 1997). Most government policy at the state and federal level, including long-term incarceration and the lack of social support systems, has been established based on the myth that the individual alone is responsible for his or her life outcome. My firm belief is that this is not true (Comer, 1997, 2000; Comer, Ben-Avie, Joyner, 1993), and that a primary responsibility of government is to provide opportunity to the disenfranchised. By rethinking criminal policy and sentencing, and by instituting broad social support and public works programs, the government will begin to repair its relationship with urban black communities and will move the United States closer to a realization of the American dream. The foundation the government will use to repair the relationship it has with its urban black citizens should be a series of straightforward...
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...religion or any other status and discrimination should not be there among the people. “The concept of human rights, though the British claim that they knew from the time of their Magna Carta(1215),were to incorporated in the Indian Police Act,1861 and as such the accountability of the police for human rights violation as not at all a concern for the English at a time when they drafted the Indian Police Act in 1861.When India became independent, most of the Indian states drafted their State Police Acts and even there, the experts who drafted the Acts was concerned with the drafting of the Acts in tune with the Colonial Indian Police Act rather than doing the same keeping in mind the principles of the Human Rights as guaranteed by Indian Constitution and Police Accountability”. “Under the Police Act 1861,which is still in force, Police in India is nothing more than a government department lacking the autonomy under rule of law that exists for the police in other leading democracies. No doubt the Constitution of India is the supreme law of the land but the police are governed by the repressive 1861 Police Act and the regressive Indian Penal Code (IPC) and Criminal Procedure Code (CrPC)”. Police are the important mass of the justice system so it is their responsibility to protect the rights of the people and work according to the procedure established by law. As the credibility of system depends on the procedures so they should be justified in interest of the society. Human rights...
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...Overcrowded prisons are a huge issue that have been plaguing the United States for quite a few years now. There is no certain cause for the overcrowding in our prisons, however there are many suspected reasons believed to be causing the overcrowding. In order to really begin fixing the problem, concern must be given to each and every one of these causes. Overcrowding in prisons is a serious issue because it affects millions of people in the U.S., not just prisoners, but taxpayers and prison staff as well. Illinois, in particular, is suffering from overcrowded prisons quite severely. Nearly every prison in the state is overcrowded. In order to solve this increasingly serious problem, many steps must be taken to begin prison reform and to begin living in a country in which the way we punish our criminals makes more sense and is more effective than how it is today. Everyone seems to know someone that is in prison these days, whether the person has committed a serious, violent crime, or just got caught up in the wrong place at the wrong time, they still end up in some sort of prison facility. In fact the U.S.’s rate of incarceration is 455 people per every 100,000 people (Smolowe, 1994). To put that in perspective, it is the highest rate of incarceration compared to any other country in the world. Even South Africa, our close second, only imprisons 311 people per ever 100,000 (Smolowe, 1994). Due to the harsh punishment of imprisonment for even the most minor...
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...Security - Impact of Blurred Boundaries on Accountability ‘Gap’ Public safety and security are understood to be the responsibility of the state to its citizens as a ‘social right’ agreed between the government and its citizens, (Kempa, Carrier, Wood, and Shearing, 1999) enforced through policing, establishing a line of accountability between the publicly funded police and their citizens, providing services on a non-profit basis, (Department of Criminology, 2009/2010). Bayley and Shearing, (1996) describe public policing as government ‘monopoly’ which in recent times has inevitably undergone restructuring enabling private security to blossom. Significantly, the boundaries between the roles of the public police and private security have become less clear in recent years, despite the varying degrees to which the private security and the public police are regulated, creating accountability gap between the ‘highly regulated’ public police and the ‘barely regulated’ private security. Johnston, (1999) describes the term ‘policing’ as a ‘social function’ while the term ‘police’ refers to agents. According to Johnston, (1999) policing is a form of social control. As many aspects of life can be influenced by a social control, Cohen, (1985, as cited in Innes, 2003:13; Johnston, 1999) defines social control in the context of policing as organised (societal) response to deviant behaviour. Reiner (1997, as cited in Johnston, 1999) describes policing as surveillance and threat...
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...In this essay, I will do a journal article comparison. The articles selected have something in common – treatment of drug. The first article is “Do drug treatment variables predict cognitive performance in multidrug-treated opioid-dependent patients? A regression analysis study” by Pekka Rapeli, Carola Fabritius, Hely Kalska and Hannu Alho. This article was taken from an open access article under Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy 2012, at http://www.substanceabusepolicy.com/content/7/1/45. The second article entitled “Treating Drug Abuse and Addiction in the Criminal Justice System: Improving Public Health and Safety” by Redonna K. Chandler, Bennett W. Fletcher and Nora D. Volkow. It was taken from a public access journal under National Institute of Health: JAMA. 2009 January 14; 301(2): 183–190. doi:10.1001/jama.2008.976. The purpose of the first article was to examine the predictive power of drug treatment variables on specific cognitive performance measures in multidrug-treated opioid dependent patients. Also, the researchers interested in finding out which of the possible significant associations turn out as hypothesized. On the other hand, the purpose of the second article was to summarize relevant neuroscientific findings and evidence-based principles of addiction treatment that, if implemented in the criminal justice system, could help improve public health and reduce criminal behaviour. For methodologies, the first research involved 104 Opioid-Dependent...
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...Introduction to Primary Research: Observations, Surveys, and Interviews by Dana Lynn Driscoll This essay is a chapter in Writing Spaces: Readings on Writing, Volume 2, a peer-reviewed open textbook series for the writing classroom. Download the full volume and individual chapters from: • Writing Spaces: http://writingspaces.org/essays • Parlor Press: http://parlorpress.com/writingspaces • WAC Clearinghouse: http://wac.colostate.edu/books/ Print versions of the volume are available for purchase directly from Parlor Press and through other booksellers. This essay is available under a Creative Commons License subject to the Writing Spaces' Terms of Use. More information, such as the specific license being used, is available at the bottom of the first page of the chapter. © 2011 by the respective author(s). For reprint rights and other permissions, contact the original author(s). Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Writing spaces : readings on writing. Volume 1 / edited by Charles Lowe and Pavel Zemliansky. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-60235-184-4 (pbk. : alk. paper) -- ISBN 978-1-60235-185-1 (adobe ebook) 1. College readers. 2. English language--Rhetoric. I. Lowe, Charles, 1965- II. Zemliansky, Pavel. PE1417.W735 2010 808’.0427--dc22 2010019487 Introduction to Primary Research: Observations, Surveys, and Interviews Dana Lynn Driscoll Primary Research: Definitions and Overview How research is defined varies widely from...
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...Minnesota Spring 2013 Final Draft 4/20/2013 1 This Alternative Plan Paper has been examined and approved by the following members of the Examining Committee. _____________________ Dr. Leah Rogne, Advisor _____________________ Dr. William Wagner _____________________ Dr. Penny Jo Rosenthal _____________________ Dr. Nadarajan Sethuraju ________________ Date 2 Abstract This alternative plan paper examines the circumstances that have evolved as a result of the Reagan Administration’s War on Drugs and the increase of mass incarceration of the Black community. In the last thirty years, the federal government of the United States of America has engaged in campaign known as the “War on Drugs,” which has involved a variety of policies to stop the production, distribution and sale of illegal narcotics. Hundreds of billions of dollars have been spent in a war that has targeted the most vulnerable in our society, impacting its youth for generations to come. This alternative plan paper addresses the impact of the War on Drugs and the criminal justice policies that have impacted the life chances of Black youth nationwide and calls for a new social movement, introducing a 21st century Black Youth Manifesto to ask the youth of the Black community to pick up where previous social movements left off and take back their communities, their families, and reclaim their hope for the future. 3 Table of Contents Abstract . . . . Chapter One: Introduction My Generation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
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..._____________________ Dr. Leah Rogne, Advisor _____________________ Dr. William Wagner _____________________ Dr. Penny Jo Rosenthal _____________________ Dr. Nadarajan Sethuraju ________________ Date 2 A bstract This alternative plan paper examines the circumstances that have evolved as a incarceration of the Black community. In the last thirty years, the federal government of the United States of America has engaged in camp which has involved a variety of policies to stop the production, distribution and sale of illegal narcotics. Hundreds of billions of dollars have been spent in a war that has targeted the most vulnerable in our society, impacting its youth for generations to come. This alternative plan paper addresses the impact of the War on Drugs and the criminal justice policies that have impacted the life chances of Black youth nationwide and calls for a new social movement, introducing a 21st century Black Youth Manifesto to ask the youth of the Black community to pick up where previous social movements left off and take back their communities, their families, and reclaim their hope for the...
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... PROGRAMME : Master of Science in Development Studies - INTAKE 10 : Weekend COURSE : Disaster and Livelihoods Management LECTURER : Dr S.Mombeshora QUESTION Discuss the application of the Sustainable application of the Livelihood Approach to disaster management in drought prone areas of one African country DUE DATE : 10 October 2015 Introduction There are several approaches to disaster risk reduction. These include the Sustainable Livelihoods Approach, the Ecosystem Approach, the Community Participation Approach and the Integrated Approach.This essay seeks to discuss the relevance of the application of the Sustainable Livelihood Approach to disaster management in drought prone areas of Zimbabwe as a strategy of improving communities’ resilience to drought. In doing so, the essay will also seek to analyse if there are no inherent weaknesses that may call for improvements in policy processes and governance structures. Definition of Terms Disaster: This is a severe alteration in the normal functioning of a community or a society due to hazardous physical events interacting with vulnerable social conditions, leading to widespread adverse human, material, economic, or environmental effects that require immediate emergency response to satisfy critical human needs and that may require external support for recovery. Disaster Management: This is a method or plan chosen to bring about a desired future, such...
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