When faced with an amber light at a signalized intersection, approaching drivers are called upon to make a decision to either drive through or brake and come to a complete stop. If they are near the stop line, driving through can be necessary, but if they are far from the stop line, braking and stopping is the appropriate action. The option of what action to take becomes inconsistent when they are in the dilemma zone [Lum and Wong, 2003]. As a result, there are approximately 10 red-light running violations per hour at signalized intersections [Porter and England, 2000], a statistic significant enough to influence both safety and traffic flow at signalized intersections.
This investigation is a continuation of work by the corresponding author.