...Strategic Uncertainty and Alternative Futures: Evaluating Our Options in the Post-September 11 World Eric K. Clemons Steve Barnett 23 April 2003 Draft 3.6 1. Introduction Our perception of our world changed dramatically on September 11, 2001. Our sense of safety, security, and certainty were altered, perhaps for years to come, perhaps for the rest of our professional lives. Although it is clear that our personal, political, and business environments have all been altered, it is not immediately clear how they have been changed; this is, it is not clear what the details of these changes will be, or how we must respond. We now live in a period of greater strategic uncertainty. This brief paper summarizes the results of two workshops held by the Reginald H. Jones Center that attempted to provide some insight into the origins of the current conflict that the U.S. faces in the Middle East, as religious (Islam vs. the West) or economic (the developed West vs. the developing Middle East), or a clash of cultures, or some other form not as yet identified1. The hope was that by developing an understanding of the origins of the conflict, we would develop some insights into the form of the conflict and its duration; this in turn would lead to an understanding of the business implications that might result and strategies that might provide appropriate responses in different strategic contexts. We faced a high level of uncertainty about what had happened and what was likely to happen...
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...1 (Winter 9/11 Pakistan’s Contribution to Global War no. Terror after2013): 37-56 37 PAKISTAN’S CONTRIBUTION TO GLOBAL WAR ON TERROR AFTER 9/11 Dr. Hidayat Khan∗ Abstract Pakistan’s contribution to the “War on Terror” far exceeds its strength and size. Pakistan lost more than 35000 lives to save American people from another 9/11 attack. Pakistan’s economic loss amounted to 67 billion US dollars but still the US is not satisfied with Pakistan’s performance and pressurizes it to “Do More.” In this situation what should Pakistan do as a sovereign state? At the same time what is the international community’s responsibility towards Pakistan as a partner in this global war? The United States (US) and North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) have been fighting against the Taliban for the last decade but the war is nowhere near its end. This study is an exploration of the question whether war is the solution or the problem? Key Words: War on Terror, World Response, Pakistan’s Contribution, Operations, Agreements. Background P akistan has always played a constructive role in the United Nations (UN) — it is one of its largest net troop contributors and its active role in the solution of world issues is internationally recognized. It borders three major strategic regions; South Asia, Central Asia and the Middle East, and its geographical proximity to Afghanistan has made it an important partner of the United States. Pakistan has played a significant role, both...
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...The Iraq War: An Avoidable Situation Introduction Iraq has generally never been a nation at peace, but that did not stop the United States from exacerbating those problems. Following the attacks of September 11 and the invasion of Iraq in 2003 the United States’ actions and counter terrorism strategy created an insurgency that set them up for a long and arduous war. Through what appeared to be a rushed planning process the United States entered Iraq and acted as if they wanted to worsen their situation. This paper will look at how the ordinances passed during the first year in Iraq, due to Paul Bremer’s lack of knowledge concerning counter-insurgency, made the United States government reconsider their strategy in Iraq. These actions combined with a growing resentment towards United States occupancy and Shi’a and Sunni insurgencies caused the United States to change its course of action towards counter-insurgency. The civil war that was beginning only added to the problem. Quickly, they wrote two new field manuals on counter-insurgency and with successful campaigns, led by General Petraeus, regained some stability in the war-torn nation. Background A decade before the War on Terror and the subsequent invasion of Iraq under the Bush regime, there was the Gulf War. Following the Iraqi defeat at the hands of a USA led, United Nations backed force there were strict sanctions placed on weapons, the military, and oil reserves in Iraq. Also, following this conflict, a wealthy...
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...How significant was the role of individuals in the making of modern Russia 1856-1964 The influence of individuals in the making of modern Russia fluctuated recurrently in the years 1856-1964. T, this was mainly due to the instability of the government and the consequent constraints aswell as outside pressures that were placed on the leaders. Despite this, certain individuals were able to exert a greater influence than others. However, the circumstances in which the indivudals acted and the poltical structure which allowed for it influenced the making of modern Russia, more than the individual. Individuals had an short term and long term impacts. Lenin is an example of an individual who had both. Because he was an undisputed Leader he was in aprime position to make significant changes. One such change would be the introduction of NEP. He believed that “economically and politically speaking the New Economic Policy completely ensures to us the possibility of building the foundation of a socialist economy.” NEP was unpopular within the Bolshevik party and so the fact that Lenin went through with it, shows his impact as an individual. Similarly ,before Lenin, Witte had been significant by reforming the economic policies of the Tsars by improving the Russian currency aswell as making the Russian market for accessible for foreign enterprises. This had long term significance as investments were more likely to come to Russia and thereby strengthen the Russian economy. All Tsars...
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...Research Paper: Final On September 11, 2001, 19 militants associated with the Islamic extremist group al-Qaeda, hijacked four American planes and executed pre-engineered terrorist attacks against various targets in the United States. Two of the planes were flown directly into the towers of the World Trade Center in New York City. A third plane then hit the Pentagon just outside Washington, DC, and the fourth and final plane crashed into a field in Pennsylvania. Now referred to as 9/11, the attacks resulted in extensive destruction, over 3000 merciless deaths in New York City and Washington, and triggered the driving force behind major US initiatives to combat terrorism. Also, may view this horrific event as a defining moment in the presidency of George W. Bush. The first strike was on the North Tower of the World Trade Center. Flight 11, a Boeing 747 carrying 76,000 pounds of jet fuel and 92 passengers, was overtaken by five Arabic passengers, that was later discovered to have worked directly with al-Qaida leader, Osama bin Laden to both plan and give life to this attack. At 7:40 am the flight departed from Boston as normal, the flight maintained its course for the first thirteen minutes. Following this, the crew was not acknowledging communications with the FAA. Several attempts were made to communicate with the crew but no reply was received, with the exception of the sound of static and was thought to be a scream. Connection was finally made at 8:18am to Cary, North Carolina...
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...forces with them in war against the U.S., they would support them financially, and help them gain back territories of Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona. These were territories Mexico had lost 70 years ago during the Mexican-American war. President Woodrow Wilson announced the Zimmerman note, which was a telegram intercepted by British Intelligence, declaring war on the United States. This caused an outrage, and gave the U.S. a reason to wage war on Germany and its allies. The United States Army was very small, but grew by 2.8 million from the drafting of American soldiers after the passage of the Selection Service Act. Although the United States was an “Associated Power”, it was never officially declared as a member of the allies. The U.S. sent their navy to join forces with the British Grand Fleet, using their battleships to assist them in guarding the convoys at Scapa Flow. The United States also sent it marines to France as strength of defense. Submarines were the United States’ most significant weapon used, and had a great impact on America’s entry into the war. After refusing to divide...
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...a drastic change in the life of the service member’s family especially the children. Being the family of a military service member is already a difficult and complex lifestyle; deployments don’t make it any easier. Military deployment is a unique experience affecting both service members who make sacrifices for our country, and the loved ones who await their return. The potential for deployment is a constant reality. Today’s military deployments may occur in rapid succession and be extended. Therefore, military personnel and their families must always be deployment-ready. Deployments are not easy and can create significant stress for U.S. military men and women and their families. In many cases deployments cans create problems in families. It can contribute to marital problems, family dysfunction, and emotional or behavioral disturbance in spouses and children. The primary purpose of this research paper is to describe the effects of military deployments on a families and children. This paper will discuss the effects and they type of effects the military families and children are faced with. “Deployments in the United States have increased greatly in the past 10 years. Families and children are psychiatrically affected by these deployments and recent studies are clarifying these effects.” (James 2012, p.16) Deployments in military service entails the departing of men and women who leave their families and their homes with a group of other soldiers (Army, Air force...
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...Commander’s and First Sergeant’s Quick Reference Guide to Army Regulations December 2011 (Version 2) CPT Joe Byerly Joe.byerly@us.army.mil CPT Michael Shepard michael.j.shepard@us.army.mil 1 Commander’s and First Sergeant’s Quick Reference Guide to Army Regulations Chapter 1 Table of Contents 1. PURPOSE ........................................................................................................................................................... 5 1.1 General .......................................................................................................................................................... 5 1.2 Credits ........................................................................................................................................................... 5 2. ARMY WEIGHT CONTROL PROGRAM (AWCP) ........................................................................................ 6 2.1 References ..................................................................................................................................................... 6 2.2 Main Points ................................................................................................................................................... 6 2.3 Company Commander Responsibilities........................................................................................................ 6 2.3.1 General Requirements ..................................................
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...Accessibility of Educational Financial Aid to Veterans Miramar College Table of Contents Abstract 2 Introduction 3 Literature Review 4 Veterans’ knowledge about financial aid benefits 4 TAP program 4 Methods 5 Results 6 Discussion 8 Conclusion 10 References 11 Abstract Accessing hard-earned educational benefits is a common option for veterans that are newly separating from their active duty military service. While the GI Bill is a widely known financial aid option for veterans, there are many other financial opportunities that veteran students can use in order to pay for college and have a living allowance. However, a significant proportion of veterans is not aware of these options. The goal of this study was to support the claim that veterans need to be better educated about financial aid options for their education. Accessibility of Educational Financial Aid to Veterans Introduction Navigating financial aid in universities is a complicated process for anyone who is first introduced to the environment and for those who are returning back to school after taking a short break or after several years. There are numerous requirements and procedures before one can secure a form of financial aid to pay for his/her tuition and possibly living expenses. There are various types of aid available to students, depending on their financial situation, family status, tax filing status, income, number of units in school, and so on. Further, the process...
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...“Is Post-Appraisal Weeding good strategy?” Dilip Thosar Paper for The International Research Conference on HRM 25-26 August 2012 at MIT College of Management, Pune Is Post-Appraisal Weeding good strategy? Dilip Thosar Fellow Student, AHRD (Academy of Human Resources Development), Ahmedabad. ABSTRACT Many progressive Indian organizations are seen to annually lead a practice of weeding out their lowest-performing manpower, with the strategic intent of increasing their performance capability and competence. The genesis of this practice lies in the “20-70-10 principle” which states that the top 20% of workforce is productive, 70% work adequately and the remaining bottom 10% do not deliver and should be fired. During the annual appraisal, the head of every business team within the organization is asked to classify his/her team-members into top, medium and bottom performers. Those in the bottom bucket are asked to resign. This reportedly creates tremendous dissonance and unhappiness across the organization. There seems to be no evidence of the expected theoretical result of a continuously improving highperforming business unit. Even short-run competence is not reported to increase perceptibly. Notable is the expensive attrition and erosion of precious employee-engagement among residuals, with consequent burn-outs and reduced productivity. The significant negative outcomes of this practice seem to outweigh any positive potential. Literature studied and industry leaders decry it as...
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...How Facebook is Changing the United States Military Nathan Haselhorst CI3155 Computer Ethics 9 August 2013 Abstract This paper details how social media, specifically Facebook, has made an impact on the different branches of the United States military. Throughout the work, manuals, periodicals, news stories, and an interview with a Lieutenant General are used to distinguish the advantages and risks associated with social media as a whole, with an overwhelming reoccurrence of Facebook references. The ability to communicate around the world, whether a General’s speech becomes available to the public five minutes after he or she delivers it or just a service member telling their loved one “good night” from thousands of miles away, is the greatest attribute Facebook provides the military and its service members. With every great benefit comes a risks and Facebook is not immune to those risks; identity theft, loss of personal and operational information, and negative feedback to a leaders post are what drives the military crazy about Facebook. How Facebook is Changing the United States Military Since 1775, the members of the Armed Forces have held a respect amongst this country’s population. As time has passed and technology has evolved, the United States military has become more accessible, attractive, and engaging to the public. Facebook, the world’s largest social media website, has played a key role in recruiting, training, communicating and planning. Facebook...
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...employees d) to maintain pay & provident fund account of state govt. employees 4. The objective of PAO (Ors) is a) to advice Central Govt. on general budget b) to advice Record Officer/Centre Commanders of matters relating ot pay & allowances of JCOs/ Ors c) to make cash payments to PBORs during emergency d) to issue movement order 5. IRLA system of pay accounts of all JCOs/Ors/NcsE is maintained by a) Regional CDAs b) Army Head Quarters c) PAO (Ors) d) Record Office 6. IRLAs are finally closed for the personnel who become a) NCO b) JCO c) Lance Naik d) Non effective 7. what is the objective of Central Control section of PAOs a) to advice Central Govt. on general budget b) to make cash payments to PBORs during emergency c) to issue movement order d) to coordinate the technical/ accounting function of ledger groups 1 CDA BANGALORE 8. Central Card Index of manually maintained & non effective IRLAs is maintained in the PAO by a) Central Control Section b) Audit section c) Account section d) Stores section 9. Quarterly compilation of abstract of receipts & charges as also other compilations pertaining to the ledger groups are prepared by a) Audit section b) Account section c) Stores section d) Centrel Control Section 10. An up-to date list showing the details of...
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...World Development Vol. 41, pp. 51–66, 2013 Ó 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved 0305-750X/$ - see front matter www.elsevier.com/locate/worlddev http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2012.06.012 Gender in Transition: The Case of North Korea STEPHAN HAGGARD University of California, San Diego, USA and MARCUS NOLAND * Peterson Institute for International Economics, USA East-West Center, USA Summary. — This paper uses survey data to examine the experience of women in North Korea’s economic transition. Women have been shed from state-affiliated employment and thrust into a market environment characterized by weak institutions and corruption. More than one-third of men indicate that criminality and corruption is the best way to make money, and 95% of female traders report paying bribes. The increasingly male-dominated state preys on the increasingly female-dominated market. Energies are directed toward survival and this population appears to lack the tools to act collectively to improve their status. Ó 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Key words — gender, transition, refugees, North Korea 1. INTRODUCTION emphasis on the dramatic shifts that occurred as the state socialist system broke down during the famine of the mid-1990s and the country experienced “marketization from below.” We then turn to an examination of the sample, household economics and the implications of the fact that North Korean women have been disproportionately involved in marketization...
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...Courtney Friedman Term Paper: International Terrorism (Due Week 10) Professor Smith 5/23/14 CRJ 440 Terrorism, it is a well-known term, every person has all heard of it, but yet do we really know what it is. Terrorism is in the eyes of most, a meaningless hate crime, which has no true reason behind it. The terrorism mindset is people who want to create terror among civilization. They are trained to disturb peace, and to break social harmony. Terrorism is also a horrible threat to the modern world and modern society. It has become a problem around the world, not just in the United States. Many innocent people are killed by terrorist and their acts of terrorism. An individual can see terrorism in multiple forms, but not limited to: Bombing, hijacking, cross border terrorist activities and massacres on a massive scale, in addition to many others not listed. Its consequences are very frightening. Though much effort is put into eliminating terrorism, it is impossible to get rid of it until some strict laws are devised. Whenever and wherever society is victim to brutality, injustice, wrongs and intolerance, terrorism cannot be eradicated. There are many terrorist groups out there, of many different origins and sects. The group that will be discussed is Al Qaeda, which is the most well-known out of the groups listed. The questions and statements that will be answered and debated are: 1.) A brief explanation of Al Qaeda and the summarization of its origins, 2.) Al Qaeda's major...
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...and the four craftsmen (1:18-21) a. The nations that harm Israel will be destroyed b. Craftsman will destroy horns 3. The vision of the man with a measuring line (2:1-12) a. Jerusalem will be bigger and better than ever before 4. The vision of the new garments for the high priest (3:1-10) a. Cleansing of the priest and the restoration of Israel’s worship b. Satan appears in this vision 5. The vision of the golden lampstand and the two olive trees (4:1-14) a. Joshua and Zerubbabel empowered and blessed by God 6. The vision of the flying scroll (5:1-4) a. 30 feet long written on both sides b. Judgment on those who violate God’s law 7. The vision of the woman in a basket (5:5-11) a. Removal of Guilt of Land to Babylon b. Indicates the warning of another exile if things do not change 8. The vision of the four chariots (6:1-8) a. Judgment of the...
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