...A Simple Hydrothermal Route to Large-Scale Synthesis of Uniform Silver Nanowires Zhenghua Wang,[b] Jianwei Liu,[b] Xiangying Chen,[b] Junxi Wan,[b] and Yitai Qian*[a, b] Abstract: This paper describes the preparation of uniform silver nanowires by reducing freshly prepared silver chloride with glucose at 180 8C for 18 hours in the absence of any surfactants or polymers. Scanning electron microscopy studies indicated that the silver nanowires are about 100 nm in diameter and up to 500 mm in length. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy analyses showed that the Keywords: green chemistry · hydrothermal synthesis · nanostructures · nanowires · silver Introduction One-dimensional nanostructures of metals have attracted much interest due to their potential applications in fabricating nanoscale electronic, optoelectronic, and magnetic devices, which also provide an ideal model system to experimentally investigate physical phenomena, such as quantized conductance and size effects.[1–6] Among all metals, silver nanowires are particularly interesting to fabricate and study because bulk silver exhibits the highest electrical and thermal conductivity among all metals, and the performance of silver in many applications could be potentially enhanced by processing silver into one-dimensional nanostructures. Much effort has been devoted to the syntheses of silver nanowires, such as electrochemical techniques,[7–9] templates (i.e., mesoporous silica[10, 11] and carbon nanotubes[12...
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...BTEC Nationals Edexcel level 3 BTEC National Certificate/Diploma Applied Science (Laboratory and Industrial Science) Applied Science (Medical Science) Integrated Vocational Assignment CASE STUDY 2- Johnson Matthey (Catalysts and Chemicals) Unit 3: Workplace practices This case study has been prepared by Mr. M. Hooper & Ms P. Hooper with the co-operation of Johnson Matthey (Catalysts and Chemicals) for the use of learners completing the IVA for the NQF Level 3 BTEC Nationals in Applied Science. Prepared by M. Hooper & P. Hooper. March 2005 The following materials have been authorised for use by students in this context, by Johnson Matthey. Some data is not current, and some is adapted to give a working document to allow completion of the assignment, To complete the assignment students must have access to detailed information about a company. This is often difficult to obtain, and the following information will provide exemplar material for the completion of the IVA. The information is based on the British Company – Johnson Matthey, one of the leading speciality chemicals companies in the world specialising in Catalysts, Precious Metals and Speciality chemicals. Johnson Matthey is a large multi-national company. There is a lot of information available on the various web-sites. The website reflect the...
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...decided to see if the substance would dissolve in water. It did, after a little bit of stirring. Once again following what the packet told us to do, we decided to test if the substance conducted a current. Since it conducted a current, we became nearly certain that the substance was organic with an ion attached to it, which got rid of thousands of possible substances. That was probably our first big breakthrough and unfortunately the only one that we would have for some time. The next part of the lab was by far the most frustrating. Charlie and I spent 2 whole days trying to find what the pH of the substance was, which was a whole lot longer than we needed to. The first problem was that the distilled water for some reason would make the pH paper turn color just by itself. Apparently there was some sort of contaminant in the water. Was it Mr. Pojman trying to throw us off? Possibly. But we pushed through, and we eventually came to the conclusion that the pH was around 8. Later, once we confirmed what our substance was, we discovered that the pH of ammonium acetate varies between 6 and 8, so the tests, even if they were faulty, supported our final thinking. We continued to blindly follow what the packet was telling us to do and added sodium hydroxide to the same solution and got neither a precipitate nor a color change. This meant, according to the packet, that the solution was probably one of three things: a weak base, a dilute solution of a strong base, or the salt formed by mixing...
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...Josh Steichen M. Bermas harmful effects of chemical changes are: -acid rain -rust -chemicals in an anti spot cream reacting with a silver necklace, turning it black -exhaust fumes -spoilage of foods -chemical fertilizers 1. Global Warming Cause: Carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel burning power plants Our ever increasing addiction to electricity from coal burning power plants releases enormous amounts of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. 40% of U.S. CO2 emissions come from electricity production, and burning coal accounts for 93% of emissions from the electric utility industry [EPA, pg. 10]. Every day, more electric gadgets flood the market, and without widespread alternative energy sources, we are highly dependent on burning coal for our personal and commercial electrical supply. 2. Global Warming Cause: Carbon dioxide emissions from burning gasoline for transportation Our modern car culture and appetite for globally sourced goods is responsible for about 33% of emissions in the U.S. [EPA pg. 8] With our population growing at an alarming rate, the demand for more cars and consumer goods means that we are increasing the use of fossil fuels for transportation and manufacturing. Our consumption is outpacing our discoveries of ways to mitigate the effects, with no end in sight to our massive consumer culture. 3. Global Warming Cause: Methane emissions from animals, agriculture such as rice paddies, and from Arctic seabeds Methane is another extremely...
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...Visit us at www.pro-base.eu - 1 - HOMEMADE BATTERIES Making and evaluating homemade batteries Author Ken Gadd, 4science, Stratford sub Castle, SP1 3YP, UK; ken@4science.org.uk Languages available English, Slovenian Summary Batteries power most of the portable electrical and electronic devices we use. Different types are available, suited for different uses. Batteries convert chemical energy into electrical energy. You can make a battery from a lemon, a piece of zinc and a piece of copper. So why don’t we use this instead of buying batteries from shops? In this activity you find out. You also explore other homemade batteries, including a seawater battery made by scientists in the BBC TV programme Rough Science. The purpose is to explore the potential of low technology homemade batteries as emergency power supplies. Activity type H Use of scientific knowledge and understanding to solve problems Working in teams to solve problems Communication Resource/budget management Time and workload management Techniques Field Electrochemistry Visit us at www.pro-base.eu - 2 - Time Practical lessons: 600 minutes Theory lessons: 120 minutes Out of class time: 360 minutes StandardBase procedures None StandardBase techniques None Other resources Zavod za šolstvo, Ljubljana (The National Education Institute of the Republic of Slovenia), http://www.zrss.si/ Other resources are listed in the activity...
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...CHE0315 DISADVANTAGES OF FIREWORKS ON HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT Name of Group Member 1. Nur Izzati binti Abdul Latif 153692 2. Nurhalida binti Abdul Rasid 154082 3. Aifa Syazwani bt Awang Damit 150415 4. Sarah Atiqah bt Abdul Rahim 155656 Group Number: 09 Name of Lecturer: Asiah binti Mohd Shafiee Course: Allied Health Science Semester: 1 PROJECT PLANNING OBJECTIVES. 1. To analyze the function of every substance in the fireworks. 2. To study the properties of substance that cause damage towards health and environment. 3. To find the solution on how to reduce the damage of fireworks. 4. To investigate the rate of damage that cause by fireworks to health and environment. DIVISION OF WORKS. Name Tasks | Nur Izzati bt Abdul Latif. | Nurhalida bt Abdul Rashid | Aifa Syazwani bt Awang Damit | Sarah Atiqah bt Abdul Rahim. | Objectives | | | * | | Division of work | * | | | | Timeline | | * | | | Introduction | * | | | | Discussion of Issues | * * History of fireworks. * Development of fireworks. | * * Properties of fireworks. | * * The type of fireworks. | * * How do fireworks work. | Analysis of Issues | | * * Disadvantages...
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...Toxicology and Industrial Health http://tih.sagepub.com Mercury vapor inhalation and its effect on glutathione peroxidase in goldsmiths exposed occupationally K. Jayaprakash Toxicol Ind Health 2009; 25; 463 originally published online Jul 31, 2009; DOI: 10.1177/0748233709106769 The online version of this article can be found at: http://tih.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/25/7/463 Published by: http://www.sagepublications.com Additional services and information for Toxicology and Industrial Health can be found at: Email Alerts: http://tih.sagepub.com/cgi/alerts Subscriptions: http://tih.sagepub.com/subscriptions Reprints: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsReprints.nav Permissions: http://www.sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav Citations http://tih.sagepub.com/cgi/content/refs/25/7/463 Downloaded from http://tih.sagepub.com at SAGE Publications on November 9, 2009 Mercury vapor inhalation and its effect on glutathione peroxidase in goldsmiths exposed occupationally K Jayaprakash Toxicology and Industrial Health 25(7) 463–465 ª The Author(s) 2009 Reprints and permission: http://www. sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermission.nav DOI: 10.1177/0748233709106769 tih.sagepub.com Abstract In the gold ornaments manufacturing cottage industries, the gold metal grain dust waste particles are recovered from mercury (Hg) amalgam. The results on air samples from these industries during the recovery process have shown a high prevalence of Hg vapor (42.7 mg/m3). The blood concentration...
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...In the following research paper, it will be argued that Lavoisier single-handedly advanced chemistry from the long-lasting period of alchemy to the era of modern chemistry that we know today. In support of such claim, Lavoisier’s discrediting of the phlogiston theory in 1778 and subsequent publication of “Elements of Chemistry” in 1787 will be discussed, with mention being made to Lavoisier’s implementation of algebra into his chemical equations. The question that will be asked is why did alchemy have to be replaced? What made the public and scientific community shy away from alchemy, and what were Lavoisier’s effect in that? When chemistry emerged, it became a concise practice that aided in bridging the gap between the natural sciences....
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...Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/colsurfb Non-cytotoxic antibacterial silver–coumarin complex doped sol–gel coatings Swarna Jaiswal a,b , Kunal Bhattacharya c , Maeve Sullivan d , Maureen Walsh d , Bernadette S. Creaven d , Fathima Laffir e , Brendan Duffy a,∗ , Patrick McHale b a Centre for Research in Engineering Surface Technology (CREST), FOCAS Institute, Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin 8, Ireland School of Biological Sciences, Dublin Institute of Technology, Kevin Street, Dublin 8, Ireland c Nanolab Research Centre, FOCAS Institute, Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin 8, Ireland d Centre for Pharmaceutical R&D, School of Science, Institute of Technology, Tallaght, Dublin 24, Ireland e Materials & Surface Science Institute, University of Limerick, Dublin, Ireland b a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Microbial colonisation on clinical and industrial surfaces is currently of global concern and silane based sol–gel coatings are being proposed as potential solutions. Sol–gels are chemically inert, stable and homogeneous and can be designed to act as a reservoir for releasing antimicrobial agents over extended time periods. In the present study, silver nitrate (AgN) and a series of silver coumarin complexes based on coumarin-3-carboxylatosilver (AgC) and it is 6, 7 and 8 hydroxylated analogues (Ag6, Ag7, Ag8) were incorporated into sol–gel coatings. The...
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...CARIBBEAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL Caribbean Secondary Education Certificate CSEC® CHEMISTRY SYLLABUS Effective for examinations from May–June 2015 CXC 21/G/SYLL 13 Published by the Caribbean Examinations Council. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form, or by any means electronic, photocopying, recording or otherwise without prior permission of the author or publisher. Correspondence related to the syllabus should be addressed to: The Pro-Registrar Caribbean Examinations Council Caenwood Centre 37 Arnold Road, Kingston 5, Jamaica Telephone Number: + 1 (876) 630-5200 Facsimile Number: + 1 (876) 967-4972 E-mail Address: cxcwzo@cxc.org Website: www.cxc.org Copyright © 2013 by Caribbean Examinations Council The Garrison, St Michael BB14038, Barbados CXC 21/G/SYLL 13 Contents RATIONALE ................................................................................................................................... AIMS ............................................................................................................................................. CANDIDATE POPULATION ............................................................................................................. SUGGESTED TIME-TABLE ALLOCATION ........................................................................................ ORGANISATION OF THE SYLLABUS .................................................
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...Null Hypothesis: H01: There is a no significant difference between traditional lecture method and activity-based method of teaching in the achievement of students in physical science at secondary level. 3.4. Alternative Hypothesis: H1: Activity-based method of teaching has a more significant impact on students achievement compared with traditional lecture method of teaching. 3.5. Variables: The study was experimental. In this study the following variables were identified to verify the hypothesis. Independent Variables-Teaching Learning Process (Activity based method & Traditional lecture method) Dependent Variables-Learning outcome of students (i.e., Achievement in Physical science) 3.6. Research Design: In this experimental study the students are divided into two pre-selected equivalent group (experimental and control group) of class-x. In the experimental groups Activity-Based Method (ABM) of teaching was used while Traditional Lecture Method (TLM) of teaching was used in the control group. Then a well-structured achievement test on the selected topic of physical science will be administered on both the group and their achievement on the test will be analysed. 3.7. Sampling...
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...[pic] WHAT IS GREEN TECHNOLOGY? The term "technology" refers to the application of knowledge for practical purposes. The field of "green technology" encompasses a continuously evolving group of methods and materials, from techniques for generating energy to non-toxic cleaning products. As the name implies green technology is one that has a "green" purpose. By green we do not mean the color, however, nature is quite green, and the long and short term impact an invention has on the environment is what we are talking about. Green inventions are environmentally friendly inventions that often involve: energy efficiency, recycling, safety and health concerns, renewable resources, and more. Green technology is the application of one or more of environmental science, green chemistry, environmental monitoring and electronic devices to monitor, model and conserve the natural environment and resources, and to curb the negative impacts of human involvement. The term is also used to describe sustainable energy generation technologies such as photovoltaic, wind turbines, bioreactors, etc. Sustainable development is the core of environmental technologies. The term environmental technologies also used to describe a class of electronic devices that can promote sustainable management of resources. The present expectation is that this field will bring innovation and changes in daily life of similar magnitude to the "information technology" explosion over the last two decades. In these...
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...of Materials Cranfield University, United Kingdom the aim of this book series is to disseminate the latest developments in small scale technologies with a particular emphasis on accessible and practical content. these books will appeal to engineers from industry, academia and government sectors. for more information about the book series and new book proposals please contact the publisher, Dr. Nigel hollingworth at nhollingworth@williamandrew.com. http://www.williamandrew.com/MNt NaNotechNology applicatioNs for cleaN Water edited by Nora savage Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency and (in alphabetical order) Mamadou Diallo Materials and process simulation center, Division of chemistry and chemical engineering, california institute of technology Jeremiah Duncan Nanoscale Science and Engineering Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison anita street Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency and Center of Advanced Materials for the Purification of Water with Systems, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign richard sustich N o r w i c h , N Y, U S A copyright © 2009 by William andrew inc. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. ISBN: 978-0-8155-1578-4 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication...
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...WHAT IS pH AND HOW IS IT MEASURED? A Technical Handbook for Industry CHAPTER 1 – INTRODUCTION Why Is pH Measurement Necessary? 3 CHAPTER 2 – WATER AND AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS The Properties of Water Ion Product Constant of Water Molarity 4 4 5 CHAPTER 3 – FUNDAMENTALS OF pH Definition of pH pH Values and Hydrogen/Hydroxide Concentration How is pH Measured? Activity versus Concentration The Nernst Equation The Standard Hydrogen Electrode 6 6 7 7 9 9 CHAPTER 4 – THE pH SENSOR pH Electrodes The Measuring Electrode Asymmetry Potential Sodium Ion Error Acid Error Temperature Effects The Reference Electrode The Reference Junction Junction Potentials Gel‐filled Reference Electrode Buffers Calibration 11 13 13 14 15 15 16 17 17 18 18 18 CHAPTER 5 – CARE OF pH ELECTRODES Dehydration Factors Detrimental to Electrode Life Transportation Storage 22 22 22 23 CHAPTER 6 – COMMON APPLICATIONS Cooling Tower Control Food Processing Coal Industry Plating Waste Treatment Ultrapure Water 24 24 24 25 25 BIBLIOGRAPHY 27 GLOSSARY ...
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...SYLLABUS Cambridge IGCSE® Combined Science 0653 For examination in June and November 2015 Cambridge Secondary 2 Changes to syllabus for 2015 This syllabus has been updated. Significant changes to the syllabus are indicated by black vertical lines either side of the text. Cambridge International Examinations retains the copyright on all its publications. Registered Centres are permitted to copy material from this booklet for their own internal use. However, we cannot give permission to Centres to photocopy any material that is acknowledged to a third party even for internal use within a Centre. ® IGCSE is the registered trademark of Cambridge International Examinations © Cambridge International Examinations 2013 Contents 1. Introduction .................................................................................................................... 2 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 Why choose Cambridge? Why choose Cambridge IGCSE? Why choose Cambridge IGCSE Combined Science? Cambridge ICE (International Certificate of Education) How can I find out more? 2. Teacher support.............................................................................................................. 5 2.1 Support materials 2.2 Resource lists 2.3 Training 3. Syllabus content at a glance ........................................................................................... 6 4. Assessment at a glance ........................................................
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