...Hispanic American Diversity When you think about Hispanics you might think that it is one ethnic group, however there are many ethnic groups incorporated under the heading Hispanics. For my topic today I am going to cover Mexican Americans, Puerto Ricans, Cubans and people from Colombia. While they are all Hispanic they have different languages, traditions and family makeup. In this paper we will discuss the differences and the similarities of these diverse groups of people. It is amazing that although they cover such a vast amount of land geographically, there is so many things that they have in common. Mexican Americans are people of Mexican decent that have either been born here in the United States or became a United States citizen after immigrating here. A lot of people that believe that Mexican Americans work at jobs here in the United States that natural born citizens will not do, such as harvesting crops, bussing tables in restaurants and general labor positions. They take these jobs and are not paid a competitive wage. It seems to stand to reason that if they would not take these jobs, the employers would be forced to increase the salary, and they would not have to work for such substandard wages. While they come to this country with Spanish as their primary language, many immigrants learn English and it becomes their primary language. While it is harder for the older people to master English, when their children are enrolled in public education it is easier...
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...products at groceries and retail stores. As a market entry proposal, the company aims to establish operations in one of the three following countries: Trinidad and Tobago, Dominican Republic, and Colombia, as it hopes to gain a strong ground on the booming coffee industry. Despite the close proximity of Starbucks to Central and Latin America, the company has been relatively poor in establishing markets in these regions. The first store was opened in Mexico City in 2002, followed by Lima, Peru in 2003. This region seems to be the perfect fit for Starbucks to expand due to the expanding Coffee production industry. The Colombian Coffee Bean offered by Starbucks is imported from Colombia and is one of the most successful products. Apart from the coffee industry, tourism holds tremendous promise for Starbucks to expand in this region, as approximately 20% of passenger traffic to the Caribbean region comes from the United States. These positive signs show great promise for Starbucks to expand its global picture and continue to remain as the world’s best coffee retailer. Company Overview: Time Out Magazine of San Francisco acknowledges the founders of Starbucks: Jerry Baldwin, Zev Seigl, and Gordon Bowker, who founded the company while they were students of the University of San Francisco (“Using APA”, 2011). Between 1971 and 1976, the company had only one store open in Seattle (Brewer, Brissenden, & Carmin, 2012). During the 1980s, Starbucks took advantage of the booming specialty coffee market in the United States...
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...Starbucks Developing International Expansion Plan Starbucks Starbucks Corporation is a publicly traded company that was established in Seattle in 1971 and is now one of the fastest developing coffee retailers in the world. The company now has over 8,000 company operated stores and 7,803 licensed stores in 49 countries. Starbucks has been in a steady state of development since CEO Howard Shultz in a franchise with a group of investors in 1987. Starbucks is the largest coffee bar chain in the U.S. In actual fact, they are the largest in the world, with some 2,600 stores globally. These stores all have like products that are similar in appearance. Starbucks seeks to provide the same experience to coffee drinkers in Seattle, New York, London, Kuwait City, and Taipei. Starbucks also offers services to companies to supply coffee and related items to their employees, owns a supermarket channel run by Kraft Foods, and sells its coffee and other items directly to customers through catalogs and its website. Ahead of these items, the company has an agreement with Pepsi-Cola to develop and produce bottled coffee drinks like the "Frappuccino" drinks and an agreement with Dreyer's Grand Ice Cream to produce different flavors of ice cream. Moreover, the company provides coffee service to customers like airlines and hotels. To put all this in perspective, in fiscal year 2009, Company operated retail stores accounted for about 84% of revenues...
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...Institutional, and Cultural Context of Colombia Michael N. Yuede Missouri State University Abstract This paper studies the Colombian culture and how it affects business relations. First, the Colombian country is explored, examining the geographical location and environment, demographics, economy, religion, and the historical, legal and ethical, and social context. Geert Hofstede’s, Fons Trompenaars’, and GLOBE’s models of national culture infer ways to behave in any given culture, and in this case, Colombia. Differences can be seen between the United States’ and Colombia’s culture after exploring the models, suggesting ways to adapt to the new culture and act appropriately in a business environment. After studying the models, the cultural descriptions and aspects, including Colombia’s collectivistic and high power distance nature, give future managers and expatriates the implications necessary to become legitimized in the eyes of other businesses and the government. Additionally, the implications help predict employee behaviors and motivators, as well as human resource management policies that should be implemented into the business. However, in order to fully understand the Colombian culture, an individual must live in that country for a period of time to experience the culture first hand. Environmental, Institutional, and Cultural Context of Colombia In order to better understand how to interact in a business environment in Colombia, it is important to know about the...
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...Cubans, and South and Central Americans may have some similarities they are very unique in their own way. Mexican Americans Mexico gained its independence in 1821, but the formation of the national culture remained a difficult task because of political instability, foreign invasions, and military uprisings (Ansters, 2011). The primary language for Mexicans is Spanish. The heart of Mexican dishes consists of three main ingredients: beans, corn, and hot peppers. Mexico has numerous occasions that called for special food. The Dia de la Candelaris which is on February 2nd celebrates the purification of Mary and the presence and blessing of Jesus. After the ceremony families join together for tamales. Mexico is a federal republic and its government operates under a centralized government. Government powers are divided between executive, legislative, and judicial branches. Mexican’s extended family members are very important to them. They very often seek opportunities to gather with each other. Mexico has a free-market economy that has a mixture of traditional and modern industry and agriculture (Ansters, 2011). Mexican economy has experienced internationalization, privatization, and deregulation. The dominant religion in Mexico is Roman Catholicism. Catholic beliefs pervade the like of Mexicans. Mexico’s religious rituals are determined by the Catholic calendar with Easter being the most important. Each community in Mexico has its own patron saint which they can honor with processions...
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...Hans Hahn Summer Semester 2014 Cultural Dimensions of Geert Hofstede: Analysis of Colombia 10.06.2014 Soraya A. Suarez I. Register Number: 969800 Darmstädter Landstr. 64 60598 Frankfurt Tel: 0176- 708 59654 E-mail: sorayasuarez@gmail.com Cultural Dimensions of Geert Hofstede: Analysis of Colombia 2 Content 1. Introduction............................................2 2. Culture.................................................3 3. Colombia................................................5 4. Cultural Models and Cultural Dimensions.................9 4.1 Geert Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions.................9 4.1.1. Power Distance Index...........................10 4.1.2. Uncertainty Avoidance..........................12 4.1.3. Individualism vs. Collectivism.................13 4.1.4. Masculinity vs. Femininity.....................15 4.1.5. Long vs. Short-term Orientation................16 4.1.6. Indulgence vs. Restraint.......................17 5. Conclusion.............................................20 6. References.............................................21 Table of Figures Colombia Facts & Figures...................................6 Colombia Location, Flag and Coat of Arms...................8 Colombian Population According to Ethnocultural Identity..11 Colombian Culture through the 6-D Model...................13 Cultural Dimensions of Geert Hofstede: Analysis of Colombia 3 1. Introduction With the arise of globalization, the issues about cultural dimensions...
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...THE GEOPOLITICS OF OIL Beatrice E. Rangel By 2015, we will need to find, develop and produce a volume of new oil and gas that is equal to eight out of every 10 barrels being produced today … the cost associated … is expected to be considerably more than what the industry is now spending. — Mike Bowlin, CEO, ARCO, 1999 en to 5 to 1. Once the ratio hits 1 to1, oil may be technically extractable but it will be of no use as an energy source. The occurrence of the Oil Peak or Huber’s Peak would call for strong international cooperation to rapidly increase output while curbing demand and investing in alternative energy sources. But what if someone has an alternative plan? SCENARIO A: ALL COME TOGETHER The Middle East finds a path to stability; the Americas actively engage in development of energy resources, as the region holds 12% of the world’s energy reserves. The Americas come together under a development-based approach to Energy Security which reduces the rate of consumption of oil in the United States while creating up- and down-stream job opportunities for the lower income echelons in the countries where significant oil and gas reservoirs are located. Pricing policies entice development of alternative sources. Over a period of 20 years, the energy structure of the Americas becomes the most diversified in the world. Innovation tied to alternative sources of energy boosts development rates in the hemisphere. Democracies become gradually more stable, as the development approach...
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...examining the history, politics, and economic stand point of the countries in Latin America, they have many similarities with the United States and several differences that should be taken into consideration when dealing with United States foreign policy with Latin American countries. What is Latin America? Where is Latin America? What countries are considered to be a part of Latin American? These are the initial questions a person thinks about when Latin America comes into a discussion. Around the world people will have their own ideas and stereotypes about Latin America, but here are the facts. The term Latin America is used to describe the countries in the sub regions of the Americas that were once the old colonies of European nations. The reference to Latin corresponds to the fact that as product of the colonization from the European nations the languages now spoken in these countries are Latin based. The languages spoken are derived from the so called “Romance tongues” of Spain, Portugal, and France. Latin America stretches from the southern border of the United States to the southern tip of South America including the Caribbean. Latin America consists of twenty-six countries and dependent territories making up almost thirteen percent of the earth’s surface. The countries and dependent territories considered to be a part of Latin America are Brazil, Mexico, Colombia, Argentina, Peru, Venezuela, Chile,...
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...General History of Mexico Mexico foundation starts in the year 900 B.C. with the migration of the Mexica from Aztlan tribe, towards the center of Mexico. When the Mexica tribe arrived, where now stands Mexico City, they found an eagle holding a serpent between its claws on a cactus. The Mexica thought this was a message from their god Huitzilopochtli (sun god) telling them that there was their sacred land. Pre-Hispanic Cultures Before the Mexica arrived to the center of Mexico and Central America, many pre-Hispanic cultures were developed, sharing their traditions and culture. When we talk about Mesoamerica, it refers to cultures that existed before the European conquest in the territories that are now Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua and Costa Rica. In Mesoamerica grew and faded many cultures, some of the most important were the Olmec, Zapotec, Maya and Aztec. These cultures had their own art, architecture and religion, most of these cultures were conquered by other cultures and therefore there was a mixture developing and forming a new and enriched culture. These cultures lived on the Pre-classic, Classic and Post classic which is division in periods of the pre-Hispanic period, some of these cultures lived for over a period, others just lived through one. The Conquest of Mexico and the Creation of New Spain In 1492 Christopher Columbus arrived in Cuba and thought that they were in the Indies (today India). Almost thirty years later...
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...Country classification Data sources, country classifications and aggregation methodology The statistical annex contains a set of data that the World Economic Situation and Prospects (WESP) employs to delineate trends in various dimensions of the world economy. Data sources The annex was prepared by the Development Policy and Analysis Division (DPAD) of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat (UN/DESA). It is based on information obtained from the Statistics Division and the Population Division of UN/DESA, as well as from the five United Nations regional commissions, the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), the United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the World Bank, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), and national and private sources. Estimates for the most recent years were made by DPAD in consultation with the regional commissions, UNCTAD, UNWTO and participants in Project LINK, an international collaborative research group for econometric modelling coordinated jointly by DPAD and the University of Toronto. Forecasts for 2014 and 2015 are primarily based on the World Economic Forecasting Model of DPAD, with support from Project LINK. Data presented in WESP may differ from those published by other organizations for a series of reasons, including differences in timing, sample composition and aggregation methods. Historical data may differ...
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...The Caribbean Community (CARICOM) is an organisation of 15 Caribbean nations (see chart N°1), 12 islands and 3 larger coastal nations in and around the Caribbean sea, bordered by the Atlantic Ocean , The Gulf of Mexico, The United States and South and Central America. This community was established by the Treaty of Chaguaramas which came into effect on August 1973 and which was signed at first by only 4 countries : Barbados, Jamaica, Guyana and Trinidad and Tobago. CARICOM was built in order to promote an economic integration and a real cooperation between its members, in order to coordinate foreign policy and in order to ensure that the benefits of integration are equally shared. Its aim was to take part in the international trade scene . In 1989, 13 of the 15 members of the CARICOM decided to change the strategy and to become a single market economy (CSME) so as to better and deeper integrate the members , to widen the membership and to expand the economic mass of the Caribbean community, and to progressively insert the region in the global trading and economic system. Almost 40 years after the creation of the CARICOM, we could ask ourselves about the efficiency of this trade bloc, about its successes and failures. It seems that the CARICOM managed to reach some of its objectives but that its expansion was blocked by several important negative factors. Let’s try to understand what happened. As we said, , the creation of the CARICOM and the CSME...
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...financial development affects capital accumulation and technological innovation through at least five channels: by facilitating risk management, by reducing the costs of acquiring information about new investment opportunities, by simplifying corporate control over managers, by mobilizing savings, and by facilitating exchanges and thus promoting specialization and innovation. The author discusses that another financial indicator that suggests the region has a significant progress to make is the interest rate spread which is the margin between rates paid on liabilities and those received on assets. This chapter provides new evidence on the extent of firms’ access to financial services in the Latin America and Caribbean region and the relationships between access and selected policy-relevant variables. Moreover, the chapter explores the determinants of access by firms in the Enterprise Surveys sample. Also, the chapter studies the relationship between quality of courts and access to financial services. According to the Enterprise Surveys, the analysis of access focuses on the following six principal measures: First, Checking, which is an indicator variable that equals 1 if the enterprise has a checking account. Second, credit, is an indicator that equals 1 if the enterprise has overdraft, loan, line of credit, or any bank financing for working capital or investment. Third, Unconstrained which is an indicator variable for those enterprises that are not constrained. This indicates...
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...CONDITIONAL CASH TRANSFERS A World Bank Policy Research Report CONDITIONAL CASH TRANSFERS REDUCING PRESENT AND FUTURE POVERTY Ariel Fiszbein and Norbert Schady with Francisco H.G. Ferreira, Margaret Grosh, Nial Kelleher, Pedro Olinto, and Emmanuel Skoufias ©2009 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street NW Washington DC 20433 Telephone: 202-473-1000 Internet: www.worldbank.org E-mail: feedback@worldbank.org All rights reserved 1 2 3 4 5 12 11 10 09 This volume is a product of the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this volume do not necessarily reflect the views of the Executive Directors of The World Bank or the governments they represent. The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, colors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgement on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries. Rights and Permissions The material in this publication is copyrighted. Copying and/or transmitting portions or all of this work without permission may be a violation of applicable law. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank encourages dissemination of its work and will normally grant permission to reproduce portions...
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...Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia | [hide]This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. | This article lends undue weight to certain ideas, incidents, or controversies. (December 2013) | This article is outdated. (December 2013) | This article needs additional citations for verification. (October 2014) | | | Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs | Governments of opium-producing Parties are required to "purchase and take physical possession of such crops as soon as possible" after harvest to prevent diversion into the illicit market. | Signed | 30 March 1961 | Location | New York City | Effective | 8 August 1975 [1] | Condition | 40 ratifications | Parties | 185[1] | Depositary | Secretary-General of the United Nations | Languages | Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish | Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs at Wikisource | The Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs of 1961 is an international treaty to prohibit production and supply of specific (nominally narcotic) drugs and of drugs with similar effects except under licence for specific purposes, such as medical treatment and research. As noted below, its major effects included updating the Paris Convention of 13 July 1931 to include the vast number of synthetic opioids invented in the intervening thirty years and a mechanism for more easily including new ones. From 1931 to 1961, most of the families of synthetic...
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...CORPORATE OWNERSHIP IN LATIN AMERICAN FIRMS: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF DUAL-CLASS SHARES Luiz Ricardo Kabbach de Castro Rafel Crespi i Cladera Universitat de les Illes Balears Ruth V. Aguilera University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign We assembly new data on dual-class firms in Latin America and analyze the relationship between the largest shareholder characteristics and its decision to leverage voting rights. First, we describe who are the largest shareholders in Latin American firms. Second, we find that both the type and origin of the largest shareholder, together with firm- and country-level characteristics, are important determinants to explain the decision to separate voting from cashflow rights. To tackle the determinants of ownership in Latin American publicly listed firms has both managerial and policy implications because the largest shareholders are those in charge to define business strategies and the allocation of firms’ resources. Key words: Corporate ownership; dual-class shares; voting rights; cash-flow rights; Latin America. 1 INTRODUCTION Most of the analysis of the Modern Corporation has focused on the conflicts of interest between managers and owners. Yet, recent literature, extending the discussion of the classic ownermanager conflict, adds minority versus majority shareholders conflict where more concentrated ownership structures takes place (La Porta, López-de-Silanes, & Shleifer, 1999; Villalonga & Amit, 2009; Young, Peng, Ahlstrom, Bruton, & Jiang...
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