...political conditions are stable, and democracy is the form of government. Competition and privatization policies in the area of telecommunications do not have consistent effects. After examining international patterns of diffusion for the world as a whole, differences between two matched pairs of countries are systematically compared: Ireland and Singapore, and Argentina and Spain. Patterns of entrepreneurship and public policy in each country are shown to have differed systematically, with distinctive consequences for the development of the internet. Keywords: Worldwide diffusion of the internet; entrepreneurship; privatization. 3 1. Introduction The internet has not diffused throughout the world in a uniform way. The percentage of the population who is a regular user ranges from over fifty percent in Scandinavia to less than 1 percent in many underdeveloped African, Central American, and...
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...Progress in Planning 64 (2005) 69–175 www.elsevier.com/locate/pplann Global city making in Singapore: a real estate perspective Sun Sheng Han Department of Real Estate, School of Design and Environment, National University of Singapore, 4 Architecture Drive, Singapore, Singapore 117566 CHAPTER 1 Introduction ‘Global city’ is a notion popularly cited among planning academics and practitioners in describing some strategic places in the world economy. Pioneer researchers in this area define global cities as basing points of capital in a world economy (Friedmann, 1986: 71); production centres of specialized information services such as financial services, media services, educational and health services, and centres of tourism (Hall, 1998: 24); and centres for servicing and financing international trade, investment and headquarters operations (Sassen, 2004: 171). Summarizing those perspectives and recognizing the influence of a new economy, which can be characterized as informational, global and networked (Castells, 2000: 27), global cities can be seen as the urban nodes where globalization materializes so that they are (1) highly concentrated command points in the organization of the world economy; (2) key locations for finance and specialized service firms; (3) sites of production of innovation; (4) markets for the products and innovations produced (Sassen, 2001: 3 and 4). Taylor (2004) has argued that these perspectives involve understanding just the attributes of cities and...
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...THE EAST SKIMMING THE SUBLETTING SITUATION HOW SINGAPOREANS FEEL ABOUT THE LOCAL PROPERTY MARKET COMMERCIAL PROPERTY: A MIXED OUTLOOK REFLECTING CHANGING LANDSCAPES PROPERTY OUTLOOK 2015: SEARCHING FOR INSIGHTS NEW YORK: A PROPERTY RISING STAR ON THE HORIZON LONDON RESIDENTIAL PROPERTY OUTLOOK: THE BEST JUST GOT BETTER FENG SHUI: USHERING IN THE YEAR OF THE GOAT PropertyGuru Outlook Report 2015 2 PREFACE It without a doubt property still remains a hot button issue for Singaporeans. From speculation about whether the cooling measures will be eased to predictions of just how much market prices will continue to fall, the topic has dominated conversations of many first-time buyers, upgraders and investors. In 2014, the decline in Singapore’s private residential and HDB resale market, showed no signs of abating. Restrictions on access to mortgage capital because of the Total Debt Servicing Ratio (TDSR) has, to a large degree, influenced the reinforcement of these behavioural patterns and will continue to so – at least for the majority for 2015. And with the government reiterating that they will not relax the existing policies, status quo looks set to place further pressures on the already subdued market. Nonetheless, real estate is still a favoured asset class. Aside from buying and selling, it appears that more people are choosing to rent out their properties or searching for property to invest beyond our shores while at the same time observing how domestic trends evolve....
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...INDIAN HOTEL INDUSTRY RESEARCH REPORT 2013 Submitted by: 1) Arindam Bagh 2) Arindam Das 3) Pavan Kumar Submitted by: 4) Arindam Bagh 5) Arindam Das 6) Pavan Kumar Table of Contents 1. Executive Summary 5 2. Industry Overview 6 2.1. Key Components of Hospitality Industry 6 2.2. Global overview 6 2.3. Indian overview 7 2.4. Market Structure 10 2.5. Industry metrics 12 3. Challenges faced in the Sector 14 3.1. Global economic uncertainty 14 3.2. Seasonality of demand 14 3.3. Oversupply 15 3.4. High Employee turnover 15 3.5. Lack of MICE related Infrastructure 16 3.6. Inadequate supply of quality talent 16 3.7. Low security 17 3.8. High cost of developing property 17 3.9. Poor Infrastructure 18 3.10. Difficult project financing 18 4. Growth Drivers 18 4.1. International tourist arrivals 18 4.2. MICE Destination (Meetings, Incentives, Conferencing, Exhibitions) 19 4.3. Government spending to boost growth 19 4.4. Improving economic environment 20 4.5. Increasing spending power 21 4.6. Government Support (Non-Monetory) 21 4.7. Offers from Airline Industry 24 5. Emerging Trends in the sector 25 5.1. Premium Hotel’s profitability to hit lows 25 5.2. Increasing revenues from F&B Segment 26 5.3. Development of niche tourism offerings 26 5.4. Growing trend towards service apartments 27 5.5. Growing demand for budget segment 27 5.6. Increasing interest of international operators 28 5...
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...USA, and overtaken the USA as the biggest source of imports to the European Union. Concern about the low level of investment in Africa has been displaced by concern about the effects of the high level of Chinese investment in Africa; there is now even anxiety about the effects of investment by Chinese state-owned firms into the Western economies. The Chinese Communist Party is also expressing concerns. The themes of its 2007 Congress included protection of the environment and the achievement of social harmony. According to some estimates, China has displaced the USA as the world's biggest source of greenhouse gases. Inequality is rising as fast as pollution: China now has over 800 individuals with a personal wealth of more than a hundred million US dollars each, up from 500 in 2006; while the average income in rural areas of China is 480 dollars per year. Made in China. Hu Jintau's remark on the extraordinary nature of the most recent years can be faulted in only one sense: China has been making phenomenal economic strides, and along the way accumulating serious social problems, for almost three decades. How China achieved its status as the world's fastest-growing major economy is a matter, not just of academic curiosity, but of practical interest. The Cuban government, for instance, is being urged from within and outside the island to follow China's example in order,...
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...Background of the Study The Conceptual Basis of Social Security Schemes The Kenyan Contextual Basis of Social Security Problem Statement Research Questions and Objectives Research Hypotheses Importance of the study 1 3 10 19 22 22 23 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.0. Introduction 2.1. Review of Theoretical Literature on Financial Viability of Pension Schemes 2.2. Review of Empirical Literature of Studies on the Solvency of Pension Schemes 2.3. Models for Evaluating the Financial Viability of Pension Schemes 2.4. A Summary of the Knowledge and Research Gaps 25 25 46 60 68 REFERENCES APPENDICES i Electronic copy available at: http://ssrn.com/abstract=1784297 GLOSSARY CAC CALPERS CAPSA CBS C-D CEO CGE CSR DB DC E.T.I EME ERISA FMA GASB GDP GSP INPFRS INSS IPD IRA IRBS KNAO KNBS LUPFUND NSE NSSF NYSCRF OECD OSFI PBGC PLC PPF PPR PROST PRPOPS PSPS PSSS RBA SAM SIPO SOX SSNIT SSS Commonwealth Authorities and Companies Act CEO California Public Employees Retirement System The Canadian Association of Pension Supervisory Authorities Central Bureau of Statistics Cobb-Douglas economy Chief Executive Officer Computable General Equilibrium Corporate Social Responsibility Defined Benefit Defined Contribution Economically Targeted Investments Emerging Market Economies Employee Retirement Income Security Act Financial Management and Accountability Act Government Accounting Standards Board Gross domestic Product Gross State Product...
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...PART 2 The Global Marketing Environment CHAPTER 2 The Global Economic Environment Case 2-1 The Global Economic Crisis I n his 1997 book One World, Ready or Not, William Greider described the United States as “the buyer of last resort.” Greider explained that, for many years, the United States was the only nation that was willing to absorb production surpluses exported by companies in Europe, Asia, and Latin America. Greider asked: “Who will buy the surpluses when the United States cannot?” The conventional wisdom has long held that strong spending by consumers in other nations would keep the world economy humming. However, by 2008, Greider’s question was taking on a new urgency and the conventional wisdom was being tested. An economic crisis that had its roots in lax subprime mortgage lending practices began to spread around the globe. In the United States, where the crisis began, economic misery was widespread: The housing market collapsed, real estate values plummeted, credit tightened, and job growth slowed (see Exhibit 2-1). As the price of oil passed the $100 per barrel benchmark, the average price of a gallon of gasoline rose to $4. American consumers were, indeed, less willing and less able to buy. However, the crisis was not confined to the United States alone. Consumer-goods exporters in Asia, which Exhibit 2-1: The bursting of the global real estate bubble was only one aspect of the worst recession in decades. The ripple effects from the economic...
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...Ontario, Canada © Xiaofeng Li, December, 2011 ABSTRACT ESSAYS ON PRODUCTIVITY ANALYSIS IN THE CANADIAN TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY INDUSTRIES Xiaofeng Li University of Guelph, 2011 Advisor: Professor David M Prescott This thesis is to investigate the relationship between the productivity in the Canadian tourism and hospitality industries and workforce characteristics, human resources management practice, technology change. The productivity analysis is conducted with different measures of productivity, such as labour productivity and total factor productivity. The first chapter is to calculate labour productivity using the Canadian National Tourism Indicator (NTI) and the Canadian Human Resource Module of Tourism Satellite Account (HRM) for six tourism industries during the period 1997-2008 and to estimate an econometric model of labour productivity. Labour productivity is found to increase with the capital labour ratio, the proportion of part-time hours, the share of immigrant workers and by the proportion of the most experienced workers. The second chapter decomposes the total factor productivity growth for the Canadian tourism/hospitality industries with dynamic factor demand models which is estimated with nonlinear Full Information Maximum Likelihood (non-linear FIML) estimator. The results show that only a few Canadian tourism/hospitality industries experienced positive total factor productivity growth and had a major gain from technological change during the period 1983-2003...
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...EDITOR'S INTRODUCTION Two big events will frame the year ahead: America’s presidential election and the summer Olympic games in Beijing. The race for the White House will be a marathon, from the front-loaded primary season in January and February to the general election in November. The betting is that the winner will be a Democrat—with a strong chance that a Clinton will again be set to succeed a Bush as leader of the free world. China, meanwhile, will hope to use the Olympics to show the world what a splendid giant it has become. It will win the most gold medals, and bask in national pride and the global limelight. But it will also face awkward questions on its repressive politics. America and China will be prime players in the matters that will concentrate minds around the world in 2008. One of these is the world economy, which can no longer depend on America, with its housing and credit woes, to drive growth. America should—just—avoid recession, but it will be China (for the first time the biggest contributor to global growth) along with India and other emerging markets that will shine. Another focus of attention will be climate change. As China replaces America as the world’s biggest producer of greenhouse gases, serious efforts on global warming depend on the serious involvement of those two countries. If 2007 was the year when this rose to the top of the global agenda, in 2008 people will expect action. It is striking that green is a theme that links all the contributions...
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...Part 1: General information 1a. Company Profile Major Cineplex Group Plc (MAJOR) is Thailand’s leading Lifestyle Entertainment Company with core business in cinema, bowling, karaoke and ice skating rink, rental and services, advertising media and movie content. MAJOR was listed on the Stock Exchange of Thailand (SET) in May 2002. Product and Service: 1. Cinema Business (Providing Entertainment Services) Major Cineplex, EGV cinemas, Paradise Cineplex, Mega Cineplex, Hatyai Cineplex, Esplanade Cineplex, and Paragon Cineplex 2. Advertising Business CineAd Co.,Ltd (Providing advertising services and media) 3. Movie Content Business M Pictures Co., Ltd. (Providing film programming services), MVD Co., Ltd. (Providing home entertainment Distribution services) 4. Rental and Services Business (Providing rental spaces) 5. Bowling, Karaoke and Ice Skating Business Blu O Rhythm & Bowl (Providing bowling and karaoke services), Major Bowl Hit Providing bowling services), Sub – Zero Ice Skating Club (Providing ice skating services) Major Cineplex Group Public Company Limited page 1 Revenue Structure: As illustrated above, the majority of the revenue or 53 percent of the revenue is generated from its cinema business sector, followed by its Concession, Advertising, Movie Content, Rental and Service and Bowling, Karaoke and Ice Skating business sector, with a percentage of 15, 14, 6, 6 and 6, respectively Customers: Cinema Business The business is targeting on a wide range...
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...Economics 2: The World Economy Unit Student Guide Scottish Qualifications Authority Contents 1 2 Introduction to the Scottish Qualifications Authority Introduction to the Unit 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 3 What is the Purpose of this Unit? What are the Outcomes of this Unit? What do I Need to be Able to do in Order to Achieve this Unit? Approximate Study Time for This Unit Equipment/Material Required for this Unit Symbols Used in this Unit 1 2 2 2 2 3 3 4 5 5 6 7 7 11 18 24 31 37 41 51 60 68 75 DE3H 35 Assessment Information for this Unit 3.1 What Do I Have to Do to Achieve This Unit? 4 5 Suggested Lesson Plan Learning Material 5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6 5.7 5.8 5.9 5.10 5.11 Setting the Scene Outcome 1 - Section 1 Section 2 Section 3 Section 4 Section 5 Section 6 Outcome 2 - Section 1 Section 2 Section 3 Section 4 © Scottish Qualifications Authority 2004 Economics 2: The World Economy Unit Student Guide Scottish Qualifications Authority 5.12 5.13 5.14 5.15 5.16 5.17 5.18 6 7 8 9 Section 5 Section 6 Outcome 3 - Section 1 Section 2 Section 3 Section 4 Section 5 85 92 99 104 108 112 115 119 121 135 135 Additional Reading Material Solutions to Self Assessed Questions and Activities Copyright References Acknowledgements © Scottish Qualifications Authority 2004 DE3H 35 Economics 2: The World Economy Unit Student Guide Scottish Qualifications Authority 1 Introduction to the Scottish Qualifications Authority This Unit DE3H 35 Economics...
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...1.0 ECONOMY ANALYSIS 1.1 Develop Country 1.1.1 Luxembourg Years Economic indicator | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | GDP | 2.30% | 1.20% | 2.30% | 4.00% | 6.20% | Inflation Rate | 1.60% | 2.00% | 2.40% | 2.50% | 2.60% | Unemployment Rate | 4.10% | 3.60% | 4.50% | 4.50% | 4.10% | Table 01: Economic performance of Luxembourg (Sources from: Index Mundi) Chart 01: Economic performance of Luxembourg (Sources from: Index Mundi) The graphs above have shown that the GDP, inflation rate and unemployment rate of Luxembourg. In year 2003 its show the GDP is 2.30%. In 2004, the graph was decrease by 1.10% which is 1.20%. Then, start in year 2005 the GDP was increase from 2.30%, 4.00% in year 2006 and 6.20% in year 2007. That graph has shown that the year 2007 have the higher GDP. For the inflation rate, in year 2003 is the lowest rate that is 1.60%. In 2004 the inflation rate was increase by 0.40% which is 2.00%. In 2005, 2006, and 2007 the inflation rate also increase every year by 0.10% which is 2.40%, 2.50% and 2.60% in 2005, 2006 and 2007. It show that the country give a good performance of inflation rate every year because the rate is increase slowly. There also approve that the country show the increases of money supply and the decline in the real value of money. For the unemployment rate in 2003 is 4.10%. Then the unemployment rate was slightly decline by 0.50% which is 3.60% in year 2004. The unemployment rate was increase again in year 2005 and 2006...
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...Contemporary Developments in Business and Management Kenneth Fee The University of Sunderland © 2013 The University of Sunderland First published September 2013 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without permission of the copyright owner. While every effort has been made to ensure that references to websites are correct at time of going to press, the world wide web is a constantly changing environment and the University of Sunderland cannot accept any responsibility for any changes to addresses. The University of Sunderland acknowledges product, service and company names referred to in this publication, many of which are trade names, service marks, trademarks or registered trademarks. All materials internally quality assessed by the University of Sunderland and reviewed by academics external to the University. Instructional design and publishing project management by Wordhouse Ltd, Reading, UK. Contents Introduction vii Unit 1 The contemporary world of business and management Introduction 1.1 1.2 The global business environment The importance of developments in the global environment Case Study 1.3 Organisational decision making and performance vii 1 3 10 14 17 19 19 20 Self-assessment questions Feedback on self-assessment questions Summary Unit 2 Globalisation Introduction 2...
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...____________________________________________________________________ PROGRAMME HANDBOOK ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION GENERAL DEGREE ____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________ JANUARY 2016 INTAKE ____________________________________________________________________ Copyright© 2016 THE MANAGEMENT COLLEGE OF SOUTHERN AFRICA All rights reserved, no part of this book may be reproduced in any form or by any means, including photocopying machines, without the written permission of the publisher MANCOSA: MBA (GENERAL) STAGE 1 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. WELCOME 1.1 MESSAGE FROM THE PRINCIPAL 1.2 MESSAGE FROM THE OFFICE OF THE DEAN 3 4 INTRODUCTION TO MANCOSA 2.1 BRIEF HISTORY OF MANCOSA 2.2 PROGRAMME OFFERINGS 2.3 ACADEMIC MANAGEMENT 4 5 5 3. THE MANCOSA VISION 6 4. THE MANCOSA MISSION 6 5. MBA PROGRAMME STRUCTURE 5.1 OVERALL PROGRAMME OBJECTIVES 5.2 PROGRAMME FOCUS 5.3 MODULE DESCRIPTIONS 2. 6. PROGRAMME ADMINISTRATION 6.1 PROGRAMME MANAGEMENT 6.2 FINANCE 6.2.1 FEE PAYMENT 6.2.2 PAYMENT OF FEES AND OTHER DUES 6.2.3 PAYMENT PLANS 6.2.4 ADDITIONAL FEES/CHARGES 6.2.5 REGISTRATION SPECIFIC/INCOMPLETE MODULES 6.2.6 CANCELLATION OF REGISTRATION/FEE LIABILITY 6.2.7 MISCELLANEOUS COSTS 6.2.8 PAYMENTS 6.2.9 ACCOUNT DETAILS 6.2.10 FOREIGN PAYMENTS...
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...RETHINKING THE EAST ASIAN MIRACLE JOSEPH E. STIGLITZ AND SHAHID YUSUF Editors RETHINKING THE EAST ASIA MIRACLE JOSEPH E. STIGLITZ AND SHAHID YUSUF Editors A copublication of the World Bank and Oxford University Press i Oxford University Press Oxford • New York • Athens • Auckland • Bangkok • Bogotá • Buenos Aires • Calcutta • Cape Town • Chennai • Dar es Salaam • Delhi • Florence • Hong Kong • Istanbul • Karachi • Kuala Lumpur • Madrid • Melbourne • Mexico City • Mumbai • Nairobi • Paris • São Paulo • Singapore • Taipei • Tokyo • Toronto • Warsaw and associated companies in Berlin • Ibadan © 2001 The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development / The World Bank 1818 H Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20433, USA Published by Oxford University Press, Inc. 198 Madison Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10016 Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of Oxford University Press. Cover design and interior design by Naylor Design, Washington, D.C. Manufactured in the United States of America First printing June 2001 1 2 3 4 04 03 02 01 The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this study are entirely those of the authors and should not be attributed in any manner to the World Bank, to its affiliated organizations...
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