...Situation Ethics is a teleological theory, which evaluates certain acts in light of their situational context. It is not a universal law, but it is the law of agape. The ethical theory is based on the main Christian duty to, ‘love thy neighbor as thyself’; therefore, love is the prerogative as it’s the only aspect that is intrinsically good. Many debates have been developed around the argument whether ‘Situation Ethics is always practical’. According to Joseph Fletcher, ‘Situation Ethics is always practical’. The philosopher developed the teleological theory of Situation Ethics according to the teachings of Jesus Christ, a being who lived his life according to how God demands mankind to live. Within The New Testament, Jesus implies that we do not have to follow a set of rules and laws, especially when love is demanded. This can be seen within the example Jesus set, when The Son of God defended his friends for working on the Sabbath day. The New Testament highlights, Jesus taught his followers that all Christian actions and decisions should be seen in the light of love. Therefore, this supports Fletcher’s claim that ‘Situation Ethics is always practical’, as he developed a series of rule breaking principles according to Jesus’ teachings, which would bring about the most loving outcome, and serves the majority according to those in loves need. An example of this is Fletcher’s principle that, ‘only one thing is intrinsically good; namely love – nothing else’. This supports...
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...powerful and important force on earth. Love can move mountains, for the better or the worse. Love is the most important force in my life and I believe it is in most peoples’ lives. One of my favorite quotes is “A life without love is no life at all” by Leonardo Da Vinci. There are four working principles he assumed before setting out the theory of Situational Ethics, which include: Pragmatism, Relativism, Positivism, and Personalism. Pragmatism states that the course of action to be taken must be practical and work. Relativism states that there are no fixed laws which must be obeyed within this ethic. Positivism states the person must freely believe in the Christian concept of agape love which forms the basis of the ethic. Personalism states that people come before rules or ideals in a society, as reflected in his statement, “Man was not made for the Sabbath” (Wilkens, 2011, p.168). The ethic reviewed in the exposition, and the ethic that Fletcher believes is all encompassing is love. Love; however, is a situational ethic according to Fletcher. This is a deceptively simple ethic in the way that love can be absolute or situational. Absolute love, or agape love, is making a decision with regards to the "best" outcome for the person without regarding morals or rules. Fletcher believes that "Love, the one absolute, justifies anything" (Wilkens, 2011, p.169). An example provided by Fletcher is "if telling a lie to prevent a child's death is a loving act, we should lie" (Wilkens...
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...Outline the main principals of situation ethics Situation ethics is based on the idea that you do the most loving thing in a situation, even if it leads to breaking the law. It is known as a relativistic theory. It has no absolute rules that have to be followed in every circumstance. It is also a consequentialist theory, where the end result is held to be of great importance. Finally it is a teleological theory, claiming the morale truth can be found through nature and purpose. Joseph Fletcher, who focused on situation ethics, came to the conclusion that the most loving thing must always be done, as love overwrites anything else in the world. He described situation ethics as a ethical theory based on the single principal of love and people should enter every situation prepared to act in the most loving way. The right thing to do in any given situation is the mist loving thing to do. Fletcher defined love as always being good, love and justice are the same, for love is justice distributed. He said the end result of love justifies the means and it makes a decision which is unique to each individual situation. Fletcher described loved using the word ‘agape’ which in translation means ‘God’s love of humanity’. His view is strengthened by the Bible as ‘agape’ come from what Jesus taught us, to ‘love thy neighbour’. Situation ethics consists of 4 main principals highlighted by Vardy and Grosch as: pragmatism, relativism, positivism and personalism. Vardy and Grosch first principal...
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...Although many people prefer eating at home, many others will look for new places to dine in for a change. It is usually hard to find a table in famous restaurants unless you have a previous reservation. Famous restaurants owners enjoy a deluxe existence by having a better chance to meet important customers. The success of a restaurant depends on providing quality food and friendly atmosphere. Once customers like a certain restaurant they will usually revisit. Customers’ satisfaction is also an important element of success. Therefore, responding to customers’ needs could lead to outstanding results. Consequently, an efficient managerial approach could help a restaurant to provide both the high quality of food and the customer satisfaction. In this paper, “Andy’s Recipe” a case study which talks about an Italian restaurant owned by Andy Garafallo shall be analyzed. “Andy” is an owner and a leader with confident approach. He does not try different fads to get people into his restaurant. He believes that his restaurant provides delicious food and a friendly environment for socializing. Currently, “Andy” employs three managers: Kelly, Danielle, and Patrick. Each of them has a different strengths and weakness. In order to keep their strengths and improve their weakness, “Andy” is introducing himself as an example and continuously coaching them for better production using situational leadership approach. The return on this approach is that Andy’s Italian restaurant nets 30% profit...
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...Learning Outcomes – Leadership • Discuss the trait theories of leadership • Explain the behavioral theories for understanding leadership • Describe Fiedler’s contingency model for leading • Outline the Hersey and Blanchard situational leadership theory • Describe the characteristics of the charismatic leader • Contrast the differences between transactional and transformational leaders • Gain a greater understanding of one’s own leadership style through self-assessment Leadership is the art and science of getting the job done through the willing efforts of others. The essence of leadership is to influence behavior. Overview We will be looking at the leadership phenomenon from four areas of theory and research. • Trait theory of leadership • Behavioral theories of leadership • Contingency model of leadership • Contemporary models of leadership Leadership can be explained by exploring these four different approaches. Trait Theory – Trait theory is based on an individual’s personal attributes as a leader. Trait theories seek to identify such traits such as personality, social, physical or intellectual traits that will identify leaders. Six traits have been identified as a requirement for leadership. They are: • energy, ambition, and drive • the desire to lead • honesty and integrity • self-confidence • intelligence – cognitive ability • job related knowledge Behavioral Theories...
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...Ashford University BUS 660 Dr. Dwight Reimer April 28, 2013 Big Changes for a Small Hospital The factors that Nicholas Jacobs and Windber Medical Center applied from the Situational Theory is that Jacobs considered his role as president at Windber Medical Center was the last hope in keeping the doors open (Hughes, Ginnett, & Curphy, 2012). As the Situational Leadership Model suggests the leader must make decisions to use developmental intervention such as telling, selling, participating and delegating (Hughes et.al, 2012). Jacobs did just this by realizing the problems such as the outdated furniture, leaking windows and pink walls. Jacobs took the problem at hand and came up with solutions such as community involvement and building community relationships. Jacobs used slogans such as “work out at our hospital so you can stay out of our hospital” (Hughes et.al, 2012), which encouraged a healthy lifestyle for the community as well as the employees. Jacobs interviewed employees to find out firsthand what they wanted for the Windber community and the medical center (Hughes et.al, 2012). This helped include the employees in the decisions of improvements, as well as gain information from those that knew the most about the patients, community and problems within the facility. This is what helped Jacobs learn that octogenarians made up a larger percentage of the population in Windber, Pennsylvania, than in all of the Dade County, Florida, and he made it a priority to provide...
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...substitutes theory o situational leadership theory o cognitive resource theory XXX multiple-linkage model Correct • 3 Which of the following is a characteristic of a positive charismatic? o Dependency on the leader o Centralized decision making by the leader XXX Devotion to ideology not personal identification o Information is restricted Correct • 4 One unique characteristic of followers in leadership theory is o skills and expertise o traits XXX task commitment and effort o confidence and optimism Correct • 5 Ideological leaders will develop when the leader o makes a rational appeal to followers XXX appeals to shared values o appeals to emotion o has particular expertise Correct • 6 Effective transformational leaders o select subordinates who will be loyal and uncritical o delegate most decisions to individuals or self-managed teams XXX use a combination of transformational and transactional behaviors o challenge strongly held values of followers to get their attention Correct • 7 Which statement about transformational and charismatic leadership is most accurate? o Charismatic leaders are more effective in business organizations o Both types of leadership are effective in any situation XXX Charisma is a necessary ingredient in transformational leadership o Both types of leadership involve the same underlying processes Correct • 8 Contingency theories may be difficult to implement because o situational changes happen infrequently ...
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...tend to take the position lightly, not completely understanding the full ramification of failing to operate within the FCC guidelines. This can partially be attributed to Caldera’s poorly executed efforts of communication. Handing out a pamphlet of policies is hardly an effective way of stressing the importance of any given set of rules. In addition, Caldera is known as the “nicest advisor on campus” (Northouse, 2013, Kindle Location 2363). While being well-liked is a desired trait, it does not appear to be meeting the needs of the station. Caldera is failing to apply situational leadership to her knowledge of each of her DJs to effectively manage expectations and outcomes. She also lacks an efficient training and communication system and may stand to gain from implementing a knowledge management system to resolve the troubles being experienced within WCBA. Situational Leadership Explained The situational approach involves adjusting one’s leadership style to the development of the subordinate(s). Northouse (2013) explains how the various leadership styles should be applied to subordinates at different levels of development; however, he makes considerable mention that leaders must acknowledge that subordinates, no matter how seasoned, may move up and down the development scale, with no predictable pattern. It is up to the leader to become familiar with his/her subordinates and adjust leadership styles as needed. To summarize the key points of Chapter 5, “Leadership: Theory...
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...leader is tasked by redesigning the curriculum, assessments, and participation. With this case study a situational leadership approach is done. This essay will describe the self assessment of the writer situational leadership style and the application of situational leadership theory. Situational leadership plays an important role for researchers in organizations to effectively evaluate at leader in a certain position. Jesuıno (2005) asserted that, "several definitions of leadership excess partly that in addition to the concept of leader leadership there should be understating the concept of power and authority", (as cited in Furtado, Batista, & Francisco, 2011, p.1048) In a situational leadership model there are four leadership styles that are defined; telling, selling, participating, and delegating. For the writer is important to understand what type of leader he is so that he will be able to lead effectively and provide the best leadership possible. For the writer, by understanding the different situational leadership roles the writer will be able to incorporate different skills and knowledge to any task and or challenge that is needed by the organization or company. This essay will describe the self assessment of the writer's situational leadership style and application of situational leadership theory in a case study. When the writer took the assessment of situational leadership at the results came back as predominantly a facilitating (participating) leader. For the...
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..."A leader needs to be connected to the ultimate goal, as well as to those seeking the goal, and situational leadership validates that connection (Hersey & Blanchard, 1993). Situational leadership is all about meeting and individual at their level. Situational leadership requires an individual to have the ability to: direct, coach, support and delegate task (s) to the intended party. I see this as a fair and equal balance between management and leadership. “Leadership implies change, and Situational Leadership is based on adaptation to the change”, (Costanzo, p. 2). I believe this adaptation and change can be achieved by employing the “eight discernible characteristics of people who are principle- centered leaders” (Covey, p. 33). The characteristics consist of having the ability to continually learn, be service oriented, radiate positive energy, believe in other people, lead balance lives, see life as an adventure, be synergistic and exercise self-renewal (Covey, p. 33-39). For me, this is the solid foundation to an effective situational leader. Discovering the leadership lens that best suites one's true identity is a process that involves internal and external review of personal and professional accolades; which align to a particular area. Recently, I seem to have aligned my leadership style with a situational leader! This leadership style is a continually process of growth for me! My ability to lead has always been in my nature. Key words:empathy, compassion and action ...
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...Situational Leadership John Barry Organizational Leadership Situational Leadership The purpose of this paper is to identify the applications and effectiveness of the Situational Approach in Leadership. Leadership is a method by which one individual impacts others toward the achievement of group or organizational goals ("Leadership is a process," 2013, para. 1). A leader’s capability to affect others based on a diversity of factors other than his or her proper authority or position. Paul Hersey, a professor, developed situational Leadership in 1977 and Ken Blanchard, a leadership specialist who wrote "The One Minute Manager" focuses on more than the leader. Instead, a leader's actions depend on the condition and the subordinates. The model, which is considerably flexible to every condition or culture, provides a structure that leaders can use to evaluate an individual’s Performance Readiness Level to execute a specific task. The understanding behaviors are behaviors “to which a leader is likely to maintain personal relationships between himself and the members of his group by opening up channels of communication, delegating responsibility and giving subordinates an opportunity to use their potential” (Hersey & Blanchard, 1981, p. 35). In this approach, the leader should determine the circumstances and get used to his or her leadership approach to suit the specified task, accepting that the method may not essentially function in a dissimilar situation. Hersey...
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...Situational Leadership Approach in Organizations Trina J. Hill LDR 531 - Week 2 January 22, 2013 Dr. Devona Smith-Fink Situational Leadership Approach in Organizations Management theorists Paul Hersey and Ken Blanchard developed the situational leadership approach. This methodology supports the notion that there is not one leadership style more important or ideal than another. Rather, the leader must apply an adaptive manner by judging the impact of contextual information along the path of leadership processes. Military organizations have recognized the importance of the contextual factors involved in the situational leadership approach. The Situational Life Cycle Theory of Leadership The theory requires the leader to examine the maturity level of their subordinates and fuse the task-oriented and relations-oriented behavior. Leadership style is also emphasized; and a delicate balance with maturity and style materializes to successfully lead based on the situation. Hersey and Blanchard modeled four leadership styles: telling, selling, participating and delegating with four maturity levels: low, medium (low skills), medium (high skills), and high maturity. “Four degrees of maturity (quadrants M1-M4) are distinguished… segments of a continuum ranging from immature to mature” (Yukl, 2010 p 233). The cycle is progressive as relationships and behaviors are directed, coached, delegated and supported from leader to subordinate, as exhibited in the figure. A high-maturity...
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...leader’s and members’ desire. If not, Anderson (1992) as cited in Silverthorne and Wang (2001) claimed that the leaders who do not understand their employees are called “non-adaptive leaders” and are less efficient in fast moving and growing structures than “highly adaptive leaders” (p.400). Hersey and Blanchard (1982) as cited in Blank, Weitzel and Green (1990) argued that “less adaptive leaders” don’t help to create an ambiance where members respect them and are able to work together, which, reported by Terry (1960) as cited in Hambleton and Gumpert (1982) conduct directly to a failure if solutions are not introduced before. The following report argue that the leading problem in OJuice company has to be improved by using a theory of the situational leadership developed by Hersey and Blanchard. 2.0 Problem Identification The problem identified is that OJuice Company doesn’t apply a right leadership model, as it should have been...
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...The Ways Nestle Managed Its Environment Over Time Nestle used different ways to manage its environment. It did this through expansion of the product offering, expansion of the customer base, and by developing lower-cost ways to make and sell products. Early on, Nestle managed its environment by expanding into new markets, in both developing and emerging nations. As trade barriers fell, the CEO of Nestle Barbeck-Latmathe seized the opportunity and decided it’s the right time for Nestle to expand geographically into the developed and emerging markets such as those in Eastern Europe, India and Asia. By doing this, Barbeck drove Nestle’s performance dramatically, taking into consideration the massive number of potential customers in these regions and the enlargement in Nestle’s customer’s base. In the 1990’s; Nestle managed its environment by acquiring other companies. The companies which Neslte acquired at that time included U.S. food companies Carnation, Buitoni Pasta, Ralston Purina, Dreyer’s ice cream and Chef America, the British chocolate maker Rowntree, the French bottled water company Perrier, and the Mexican food maker Ortega. It is noticeable that Neslte regards acquisitions and efforts at diversification as logical ways to supplement their business. Nestle only acquires food making companies, the business it has special knowledge and expertise in. After all, Barbeck’s intentions were to customize these products to suit the tastes of customers in different countries...
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...A Raisin in the Sun Act III-A Lesson Learned In the final scene in “A raisin in the Sun,” some very important and much needed lessons are learned. Life changing decisions are made and for the better. In the last scene, Walter calls Lindner over to agree to take payment in lieu of moving into the all white neighborhood. Walter, as usual, can only think of money, and in his mind believes the large payoff from Lindner will be well worth selling out his family’s pride and honor. Lena decides, as Walter’s mother, to force his son Travis to stay to witness this life changing moral decision, in hopes that Walter will come to his senses; to everyone’s surprise he does. Walter looks into his son’s eyes and can’t sell his family short with his son watching. He decides to do what is best for the family’s morale rather than do what will put money in his pocket. That one decision shows the enormous lesson learned by Walter and how he changed. Character: The characters are well illustrated for us by the way they speak, their actions, and reactions to things. It is clear that Lena (Mama) has very little education and comes from a different time than the others. Ruth and Walter, the next generation, are slightly better spoken but still lack the educated speech that Beneatha and Travis, even younger, display with their current educations. Mama (Lena) is described as a big, strong woman, which is shown by how she reacts to the other characters, steering them the way she wants and mothering...
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