...University Ampayon, Butuan City ADDICTION OF CIGARETTES SMOKING INSIDE THE CSU CAMPUS Mucram, Jamael C. 09070123796 Jhon Mark C. Gomez, Anchie G. Ruperto,Bompat Tagupa, Eunilyn R. Villafañe, Junalyn G. Cuevas, Kate Ariane A. I. Introduction a. Definition Nicotine is one of more than 4,000 chemicals found in the smoke from tobaccoproducts;it is the primary component that acts on the brain. Smokeless tobacco products(for example,snuffand chewing tobacco) also contain many toxins as well as high levelsof nicotine. Nicotine is anaturally occurring colorless liquid that turns brown whenburned and takes on the odor of tobaccowhen exposed to air. There are many species of tobacco plants the tabacum species serving as themajor source of today's tobacco products. Extensive study shows it to have a number of complex andsometimes unpredictable effects on the brain andt he body. As any smoker can tell you, nicotine is a remarkably addictive drug; only aboutsevenpercent who try to quit smoking on their own last at least one year. Nicotine is amongthe mostheavily used addictive drugs in the country, in spite of the long-known facts regardingsmoking'spotential to cause lung cancer and many other health problems. b. Psychological Disturbance Many smoke as a way to cope with stress, according to the Cleveland Clinic website. Psychologically speaking, this may be true to some extent since nicotine can temporarily alter moods and make feelings of frustration...
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...Alaine A. Submitted to: Ms. Cidro,Josephen P. English Teacher 2015 Chapter I Introduction Acording to Robert West Health Behaviour Research CentreDepartment of Epidemiology and Public Health University College London that addiction involves powerful motivation to engage in an activity repeatedly to an extent that is harmful often accompanied by impaired capacity for self-control. To effectively combat addiction to cigarettes requires an understanding that there are several mechanisms underlying it. The Prime Theory of motivation aims to provide a model that can encapsulate these mechanisms. It recognises that evolution has led to multiple levels of motivation from basic impulses and inhibitions, through ‘motives’ (feelings of want and need), to ‘evaluations’ (beliefs about what is good or bad), and plans (intentions regarding future actions). Self-control involves self-consciously generating motives from evaluations or plans; it requires and depletes mental energy. Nicotine from cigarettes generates the motivation to smoke and undermines self-control by interacting with all of the level of motivation. It: creates stimulus-impulse associations resulting in cue-driven urges; impairs inhibitory control; gives enjoyment resulting in ‘wanting’ to smoke; it leads to ‘nicotine hunger’, withdrawal symptoms and beliefs about benefits of smoking (e.g. stress relief) all of which can result in a ‘need’ to smoke. Evidence is emerging that wanting to smoke (because of enjoyment)...
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...technology? GS1145 January 3, 2014 Paper 1 (new technology) In this paper I hope to shed new light on what could possibly be a revolutionary breakthrough in science, as well as the smoking world. Vaporizers hit the market fairly recently and some view them as just another smoking device, harmful as ever, but others see them as a healthful alternative to smoking with minimal side effects. In this paper I will break down the common misconceptions about vaporizers and explain the benefits of this new technology. After careful research and analysis I will give an informative and educated argument on this technology. More extensive research is in process and I am providing what I know from completed and published works. Say you have a habit, the side effects are less than optimal, and someone offered a way to continue this habit and rid of the harmful side effects. I’ve noticed that when I go out more and more people are smoking. But at a second glance, these people aren’t smoking in the traditional sense; they’re using a liquid tank attached to a battery-powered heating system. This is called vaporizing, or more commonly called “vaping”, and it is said that this is the future of healthy smoking. Sounds like an absurdity right? Research, however, proves otherwise. With no burning and no tar, there is no second hand danger, there are no cancer causing carcinogens and it still gives the user that familiarly satisfying illusion of smoking. Lastly, there is no more offensive...
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...Business Research Ethics Paper Jeffrey Duncan RES/351 01/03/2012 Johannes Hoffmann Research used for business does have some rules of ethics, and should have no bias. However in some instances this does not happen. The Tabaco companies in 1994 skewed research results, and lied to congress to keep the F.D.A. from Regulating the nicotine in cigarettes. In the 70’s the Tabaco companies used unethical research practices, and then hid the documentation for thirty years. In July of 1995 a California congressman said that documents dated as far back as the 70’s show that the world's largest cigarette company tracked hyperactive third graders to see if they would later turn to smoking as a tranquilizer, and gave electric shocks to college students to see if it would make them smoke more. Back in 1995, Rep. Henry A. Waxman displayed stacks of documents from Philip Morris on the House floor that illustrated unethical and possibly illegal research into nicotine. One report had claimed that smokers crave nicotine more than food, Waxman said (Neergaard, 1995). In 1994, CEO William Campbell at Philip Morris testified before congress that Tabaco is not addictive (Neergaard, 1995). “Waxman said his documents prove Philip Morris knew more than a decade before the surgeon general did that nicotine was addictive. He read a 1969 company report for Philip Morris' board of directors that concluded smokers need the "pharmacological effect" of tobacco and that the craving was so great, it...
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...com/locate/drugpo Research paper Nicotine control: E-cigarettes, smoking and addiction Kirsten Bell a,∗ , Helen Keane b a b Department of Anthropology, 6303 NW Marine Drive, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada School of Sociology, Building 22, Hayden Allen Building, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Background: Over the past year or so, electronic cigarettes, more commonly known as ‘e-cigarettes’, have achieved widespread visibility and growing popularity. These products, which deliver nicotine via an inhaled mist, have caused no small amount of controversy in public health circles, and their rise has been accompanied by energetic debate about their potential harms and benefits. Methods: Interspersed with an analysis of current media coverage on e-cigarettes and the response of mainstream tobacco control and public health to these devices, this article examines the emergence of nicotine as both as an ‘addiction’ and a treatment for addiction. Results: We argue that by delivering nicotine in way that resembles the visual spectacle and bodily pleasures of smoking, but without the harms of combustible tobacco, e-cigarettes highlight the complex status of nicotine as both a poison and remedy in contemporary public health and tobacco control. Conclusion: In consequence, e-cigarettes jeopardize the carefully drawn distinctions between ‘good’ and ‘bad’ forms of nicotine. © 2012 Elsevier...
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...Introduction Smoking is one of the biggest health problems seen throughout the United States. It is estimated that cigarette smoking contributes to around 450,000 deaths every year and cost the U.S. $193 billion annually in direct medical expenses and lost productivity (Porter 2013). Cigarette smoking is an addictive habit and for the majority of smokers is very hard to quit, especially by themselves. It is difficult if one is a non-smoker to grasp and understand the dynamics of the addiction and successful quitting usually requires a significant amount of assistance and support. Nurse practitioners are there to provide professional assistance by helping patients take the appropriate steps and measures to ensure their success in smoking cessation. Difficulty of Smoking Cessation In general, most people who smoke know smoking is bad for their health and can contribute to many other health problems and even death, so why can’t they just quit? If it were that easy there would be significantly less smokers in this country. The problem is not the desire to quit but rather the actual act of stoping smoking for good. The fact of reality is there are plenty of smokers out there who want to quit but just can’t due to the complexity and addictive nature of the habit. The three main components of tobacco smoke include; tar, carbon monoxide and nicotine (McEwen 2014). Most of the health issues that arise from smoking cigarettes are directly linked to tar and carbon monoxide components...
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...Tobacco Cessation Effectiveness in Youth and Adolescence Despite the development of smoking cessation medications and aids, tobacco use remains a major societal problem in America today. The systemic effects of the nicotine contained in tobacco and absorbed by the body leave a devastating footprint on smokers and non-smokers alike. The financial strain on the healthcare system is self-evident. The research gathered has proven to be inadequate because the sample sizes are small, and the researchers did not properly record statistics to prove effectiveness of the cessation programs. There are three very effective steps for adolescent cessation: screen for tobacco dependency with families, counsel and use behavioral interventions and prescription medications, and finally educate parents about the dangers of second hand smoke. Lack of accessibility to numerous tobacco dependence treatments remains an issue. Furthermore, impact on health from tobacco use has been documented profusely, yet the tobacco industry still continues to lure adolescents and adults with the advertising and promotional markets. One in two smokers will die prematurely of a disease caused by dependence on tobacco. After reading findings by the United States Department of Health and Human Services, it is stated that “youths also are susceptible to tobacco advertising, and those who are exposed to frequent advertisements for tobacco are more likely to smoke than those who are...
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...consequence of e-cigarette use on the health of the public is uncertain. There is a lack of information, and regulation making it unknown if these products are safe. One of the main concerns is the potential influence on children, and whether or not the use of e-cigarettes will cause them to become addicted to nicotine. Nicotine is known to be addictive, therefore, no matter how safe it can be delivered, the use of addictive materials will cause the user to become accustom to their regular dose which will encourage increasing it. This objective of this project is to implement a school-based education program in elementary, middle, and high schools across Nevada over the next year. Introducing a program at the schools is an opportunity to stop the beginning of nicotine use, thereby eliminating the health concerns associated with it. The research shows that school based programs do have a positive effect on health issues. The CDC notes that most U.S. schools have put in place policies and programs concerning tobacco use ("Centers For Disease Control And Prevention", 2014). This is beneficial because many resources are available to make this program a success. This paper summarizes the steps that can be taken to help with the successful implementation of a school based program including identifying resources, implementation sites, and characters of the program that must be adhered to and monitored. This program meets the required criteria for which several funding...
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...Vulnerable Populations and Self-Awareness Paper Barbara D. Ross University of Phoenix Health Assessment and Promotion for Vulnerable Population NUR 440 Marcella Hardy - Peterson April 19, 2010 Vulnerable Populations and Self-Awareness Paper The social stigma of cigarette smoking has grown over the last 25 years. Many states have established anti-smoking legislation that prohibits smoking in public areas. This paper examines current social, economic and health related impact of the chronic smoker in today’s sociality. The author began smoking cigarettes as an enlisted Navy recruit, quit “cold turkey” when a severe morning cough convinced her that smoking cigarettes might not be conducive to optimum health. The conversion from smoker to non-smoker was not difficult. Cigarette smoking can be part of a social and cultural ritual. Tobacco use became popular in the United States in the 1800’s. Chewing tobacco was the method of use for the early American pioneers. In 1880, James Bonsack, created a machine that rolled tobacco in paper. The creation of the cigarette machine increased the cigarette production and revolutionized the tobacco industry. The health concern of long termed cigarette smoking came to the forefront in the mid-twenthth century. The CDC estimated in 2005, that 20.9% of all U.S. adults, were current cigarette smokers, 80.8% smoked daily and 19.2% some days. The highest prevalence of ethnic smokers...
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...CHAPTER 1 Introduction Each year millions of people vow to finally kick the cigarette habit only to watch their optimistic expectations to give up in smoke. But if they've tried and failed with conventional smoking cessation approaches wether it’s the use of nicotine gum,counseling, or behavior modification they often look outside the mainstream motivated by the hope that alternative medicine might finally deliver them from a life cluttered with cigarette packs and tarnished by nicotine-stained teeth. Background of the Study Smoking remains a pediatric epidemic with so many adolescents stubbornly refusing to quit. This epidemic is predicted to kill 250 million children and adolescents who are alive today, a third of whom live in developing countries.Tobacco is addictive, carcinogenic and deadly. Analysis has shown that a tobacco leaf contains about 1,000 chemical substances. The smoke carries more than 4,000 chemically different compounds, mostly harmful to man. Tobacco is known or probable cause of some 25 different diseases for lung cancer, bronchitis and Emphysema it is a major cause. According to World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that there are 1.1 billion smokers in the world at the beginning of this decade and it is one-third of world’s adult population. Four million people died yearly from tobacco related diseases throughout the world. WHO estimates that the figure will rise to 10million by the year 2030 that’s one death every...
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...Introduction It is smoking? It is killing many people? Why, would you want to smoke, if it causes so many dead people have all kinds of excuses for that question, Some of which include: “I’m stressed out”, “I need to lose weight”, and “I just want to fit in”. Would you want to die because you wanted to lose weight, you felt stressed, or you just want to be cool? There are many reasons why you should not-start smoking and why you should stop smoking now. II. Backgroud of the study Smoking is an adaptive behaviour which in most cases acquired when an individual is aware of the effects the associated with the habit. A large number of smokers know both the long and short term, smoking is the major cause of cardiovascular diseases, lung cancer, emphysema, and also premature aging. ‘‘Cigarette smoking is dangerous to your health?” This is the packaging warning message. Cigarette, from the french word “cigarette”, meaning “small cigar”. Is a small cylinder effects of this habit which include respiratory diseases and cancer. Shockingly of finely cut tobacco leaves rolled in thin paper for smoking. The term cigarette is commonly used, refers to a tobacco but can apply to similar devices containing other herbs, such as ascloves or cannabis. The smoking habit is easily acquired by an individual. This is because there are various reasons attract an individual into attempting to smoke. Some individuals take the habit as a show off thus they start smoking since they believe...
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...Obama signed into law the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act (FSPTCA). This Act gave the FDA authority to regulate the distribution, manufacture and sale of tobacco to the public in the United States. The American Cancer Society and many others believe that the enactment of an effective national tobacco control policy is a necessary first step in reducing youth and adult smoking, controlling the tobacco industry, and significantly reducing tobacco- related disease and death. Before this day tobacco products were unregulated by the federal government. This paper will discuss the Act and the ACS strong support of this Act, as well as some of its supporters and opposers. My interest group is the American Cancer Society. One of the organizations priority issues is to prevent cancer. They work with lawmakers to pass laws to defeat cancer and rally communities to join the fight. Many people think of cancer as a purely medical or scientific issue, but it is just as much a political issue. Every day in the news we hear of legislators introducing bills, passing laws and allocating funds that affect people with cancer and their families. Even clinical trials and health insurance all involve legislation. As a community-based organization the ACS unites millions of people throughout the nation to fight against cancer. This is a huge voice that can lend its advocacy to fight cancer and tobacco control. The Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control...
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... Argumentative Research Paper Why One Should Not Smoke by Rashege V. Johnson-Manley Submitted for Portfolio Requirement in ENG 102 (51) April 28, 2009 Argumentative Paper Outline Title of Paper: Why Should One Not Smoke Thesis Statement: There are different reasons as to why one should not smoke. I. Introduction: There are different reasons as to why one should not smoke. ll. Socialization: Being part of a group lll. Second hand smoke Health lV. Conclusion: I challenge you to stop smoking. Statement of purpose: To argue why one should not smoke. There are different reasons as to why one should not smoke; because people are different some people do choose to smoke. One may smoke because smoking can make one feel as though he/she is a part of a particular group. Smoking can give a relaxing feeling, thus, smoking can make one feel good, according to some smokers. If one already smokes and his/her smoking is out of control, he/she just might not be able to quit smoking without a very strong desire to quit, an extremely good support system and serious education as to the disadvantages of smoking. So, they are some of the reasons why some people smoke. Now, let’s consider why one should not Smoke, which is without a doubt much more serious. Smoking can be a hinder...
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...Forming Habits Paper Jeston Walker PSY/250 December 8, 2014 Ronald Goodnight Introduction In this paper I will analyze one of your habits, how did I develop this habit, were there role models for this habit, and which people influenced the adoption of this habit. I will explain why do I continue the habit and has there been a time when I have attempted to break this habit. I will use the behavioral personality theory to explain why I have this habit. I will describe components of social/cognitive theory that explain why the habit formed. I will develop a plan that applies operant conditioning to change this habit. Between the behavioral and social/cognitive theories, I will also describe which one do I find best explains my personality. Analyze one of your habits. How did you develop this habit? Were there role models for this habit? Which people influenced the adoption of this habit? My smoking habit began before I even turned 18. I tried my first cigarette around the age of 16, and I was addicted by the time I turned 18. It was several reasons why I developed the habit of smoking. A lot of my family members that was closed too were smokers. Their friends encourage them to try cigarettes, and to keep smoking. They saw smoking as a way of rebelling and showing independence. They think that everyone else is smoking, and that they should, too. Also I used to see tobacco advertising all the time, which targeted a lot of teenagers around me to start the habit of smoking also. The majority...
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...Tools and Programs to help quit smoking 2.1 Increase in the price of tobacco Raising cigarettes taxes is considered a long term method of controlling smoking, which is prevailing in the society. According to meta-analysis in 2003, statistics from 86 research papers show more than 50% of smokers were influenced by increase of tobacco price, which means a 10% tobacco price increase would result in 2.4% less smokers (Martire, Mattick, Doran&Hall, 2010). Therefore, the effects of increasing cigarette prices have a significant influence on decreasing the consumption of tobacco. Furthermore, Hayes (2011) claims that if the government of New Zealand follows the policy completely, the deaths caused by smoking in ten years will decrease up to 300 each year. Consequently, the World Health Organization suggests that regulating the price of tobacco is the most efficient measure to reduce smoking (WHO Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic, as cited in Hayes, 2011). 2.2 Legislative response According to Hayes (2011), the main barrier in the process of controlling smoking efficiently is that government lack of policy. It means that the government policies would not only focus on the cigarettes consumers, but also on supervising the authorized tobacco sellers. In 1985, a legislation was enacted in New Zealand, children under 16 years old were prohibited to buy cigarettes (Hayes, 2011). In addition, National Public Health Partnership (2000) notes that ACT, Western Australia and South...
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