...Soccer or better known by the rest of the world by football, it is the number 1 sport in the world, with over 4 billion fans worldwide. Soccer also has the highest viewership around 3.9 billion tuned into the 2014 world cup at some point. The reason why it is so popular is how accessible soccer is. First of all, I am a big fan of this beautiful sport, I play soccer for high school, I am currently practicing soccer 3 times a week and during the weekends I play around 6 games on average in Hispanic leagues. This extraordinary sport brings and unites a lot of people into it, some being analysts which help us understand the sport and how complex it is in reality and how many factors play into a team winning the game. One of the biggest often talked...
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...It is often said that the more you do something, the better you get at it. Soccer has always been a big part of my life so I found myself thinking whether or not the saying actually made sense when applying it to sports. Some coaches and sports experts argue that the more games a player has under his belt, the more likely he is to score more goals. Others have suggested that the amount of games played does not contribute to how many goals a player will score in a season. For my project, I thought it would be rationale to find out if more games had a correlation with the amount of goals scored. My hypothesis is that we’re will a relevant increase in goals scored in correlation with the number of games player. Moreover, I think the more games a player has, the more likely he will be to score more goals. In addition, I would like to look at games played and goals scored and see which group of players as team scores the most goals for the team. I would form my secondary hypothesis: that the total goals will have a correlation with the groups who have played more games. This would evidently support the idea that experience does contribute to success if my hypothesis were to be true on a team level. I decided that the United States Men’s National Team would be a good test group to research with. They offered players will all similar levels of skill. They all were of close in age and years of experience played. I examined and researched the player’s career stats on the team’s...
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...Analyzing the Beautiful Game Sports analytics, no matter the field’s renegade posturing, has now been around long enough to have its own pieces of conventional wisdom. Baseball’s cognoscenti know all about the primacy of on-base percentage over batting average, and they have also come to realize once-treasured strategies like bunting and stealing bases are best used sparingly. In basketball, the mid-range jump shot is slowly being phased out as an inefficient relic of antiquity. Spreadsheets are shaming football coaches into rolling the dice more often on fourth downs. But for many American fans tuning into the World Cup, soccer’s nuggets of analytic insight remain as foreign as the game itself. There are set pieces to orchestrate, attacking strategies to plan, areas of the defense to exploit — and it isn’t always apparent which tactics are best. But analytics has clear advice on how to do some things right. Soccer analytics is very much viewed as a discipline in its infancy. And the sport itself is often described as especially resistant to the pull of number-crunching, whether due to its fluid nature, its sportocratic establishment culture, or a fear that the un-sentimentality of data will rob the Beautiful Game of its celebrated elegance. There’s not much truth to that. Off and on, people have been tracking relatively detailed soccer data in some form for more than six decades, up to and including the modern companies that exhaustively log every event on the pitch. (2) ...
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...Video Games: Pointing Fingers at the Wrong Cause February 11, 2013 Video Games: Pointing Fingers at the Wrong Cause The significant increase in technology in recent years has caused the average American’s media exposure to skyrocket. People now have easy access to various forms of media, such as movies, videos, and video games, which promote violence and aggressive behavior. Because of the easy access to violent videogames, people have questioned if there is a correlation between the games and aggressive behavior. For example, within the last decade there have been school shootings; questions regarding the effects of violent video games have begun to rise. (Radford, 2008) Due to personal experience and a little research, I believe that there is no correlation between the two. First of all, my cousin Carlos is a great example as to why aggressive behavior is not caused by video games. Carlos lives in a home with two sisters. Since he is the only guy, he spends a majority of his time alone in his room. In his room, he has his xBox 360 hooked up to the television. To pass the time, Carlos will play the xBox for hours upon hours. Last time I was at his house, I looked at his videogame collection and the games that he played the most were rated M for mature. Those kinds of games are intended for people 17 years of age and older. He, however, is only 13. When Carlos stops playing the xBox, he is such a sweet child. He has manners and is actually very polite to everyone. One...
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...Jim Albert and Ruud H. Koning (eds.) Statistical Thinking in Sports CRC PRESS Boca Raton Ann Arbor London Tokyo Contents 1 Introduction Jim Albert and Ruud H. Koning 1.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1.1 Patterns of world records in sports (2 articles) . . . . . . . 1.1.2 Competition, rankings and betting in soccer (3 articles) . . 1.1.3 An investigation into some popular baseball myths (3 articles) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1.4 Uncertainty of attendance at sports events (2 articles) . . . 1.1.5 Home advantage, myths in tennis, drafting in hockey pools, American football . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 Website . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3 Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Modelling the development of world records in running Gerard H. Kuper and Elmer Sterken 2.1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 Modelling world records . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2.1 Cross-sectional approach . . . . . . . . . . 2.2.2 Fitting the individual curves . . . . . . . . 2.3 Selection of the functional form . . . . . . . . . . 2.3.1 Candidate functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3.2 Theoretical selection of curves . . . . . . . 2.3.3 Fitting the models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.3.4 The Gompertz curve in more detail...
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...developing countries have been given the right host this international competition. For instance, South Africa hosted the 2010 World Cup and Brazil the 2014 World Cup. Notably, there has been intense competition between nations to host World Cup. Many countries have vowed to invest billions of dollars in order to increase their chances of being elected to host such mega event. Why should countries compete to host this event? There could be numerous reasons why a number of countries are keen on hosting World Cup, but the most compelling is the promise of an economic and social windfall. Soccer is one of the sports which people tend to identify themselves with. It has gained popularity owing to its impacts on the players, followers, states and other stakeholders. Currently, the game is estimated to have the highest number of followers than any other sport. Due to its vast effects, Soccer World Cups have gained popularity in the past two decades. For the previously held World Cups, great focus has been on social and economic effects. There numerous articles that have been written about the positive and negative effects of World Cups especially to the host countries. Before the 2010 World Cup in South Africa, it was estimated that it would improve the region’s economy by about 0.5 % per year (The Economist, 2010). South African’s economy was estimated to experience 3% annual growth hence the impact of World Cup was definitely a huge chunk. The economic impact of World Cup seems...
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................................. 8 b. competition’s role understood ............... 11 c. competition, participation, and fun......... 12 d. not enough?........................................ 14 IV. WHAT CAN WE CONCLUDE?.................... 15 V. THE MICROWORLD OF PARTICIPATION...... 17 VI. APPENDIX A......................................... 19 a. Shields and Bredemeier...................... 19 a.1. moral maturity: what are psychologists looking for?............ 22 a.2. game thinking............................. 24 a.3. moral confusion........................... 25 b. Stoll, Lumpkin, Beller, and Hahm.............. 27 It has been recognized for centuries that sport can contribute to education values that make for the development of character and right social relations . . . . [Within this contribution] there are many intertwined and interwoven threads of influences, subtle and not always easy to analyze. But sportsmen who year by year have contact with the playing of amateur games do not need to be convinced by argument of the validity of . . . [sport’s contribution]. Kennedy, 19311 Sport studies scholars . . . [present sports as a] major source of . . . [social] problems . . . . [But most] athletes, coaches, parents, youth sports...
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...1) The current allocation of indirect costs may be hiding some inequality in the way the university invests in male vs. female athletes. For example, indirect costs such as salaries for support staff, the equipment usage, vehicle leases, etc, are generally consumed more by male teams such as the football, basketball and wrestling teams, as compared to the female golf, swimming, volleyball, teams. For example, another way of allocating the indirect costs could be based on the proportion of direct cost incurred by male and female athletes, because the indirect costs, except for sports conditioning and student development, don’t tend to vary with the number of athletes. If this approach were used, the proportional indirect cost for male athletes would be 70.54% of the total and 29.46% for female athletes. This would incur a total indirect cost for the male athletes equal to $5,557,492.49 and for the female athletes equal to $2,321,005.51. So, the cost per male athlete would be $39,776.22 (= 11,256,669.49 ÷ 283), and the cost per female athlete would be $24,614.09 (=4,701,290.51 ÷ 191). As we can see, this method would indicate an increase in discrepancy. 2) Current cost per male athlete = $36,760 Current cost per female athlete = $29,084 Men Women Direct Cost 2,346,200 2,380,285 + Indirect Cost 3,908,067.61 3,970,430.39 Total Cost 6,254,267.61 6,350,715.39 ÷ #of Students 188 191 Total Cost per Athlete 33,267.38 33,249.82 This option...
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...championship between the two finest teams, The Tigers and the Giants. The two teams compete with one another for the victory. After the game reporters rush the locker room to interview the players. The Giant’s coach makes a statement on how all the players worked hard. From even before kindergarten Canadian boys are playing hockey to slowly climb the ranks. As long as you remained dedicated you were guaranteed a spot of success. Gladwell continues that success in hockey...
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...Saving Schools by Saving Sports The United States has been known to be the country that lives, eats, and breathes sports, however, there is a controversy over whether spending money on sports is worth the while for high schools and colleges. In the article, “The Case Against High-School Sports”, by journalist Amanda Ripley, she argues that school sports should be cut in order for students to receive a higher level of education. Despite what she may argue, sports are beneficial to students in ways that people might not think, including their education. Although some people may think that sports are not valuable to schools, they in fact are highly beneficial to students. For example, while talking to Ripley a soccer player named Jenny says, “Like most other Americans, I can rattle off the many benefits of high-school sports: exercise, lessons in sportsmanship and perseverance, school spirit, and just...
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...BIOMECHANICS The term biomechanics means the study of the structure and function of biological systems using the methods of mechanics. Biomechanics studies the process of kinematics and used in the study of sports actions, such as the motion of throwing a baseball. Why do some golfers slice the ball? How can workers avoid developing low back pain? What cues can a physical education teacher provide to help students learn the underhand volleyball serve? Why do some elderly individuals tend to fall? We have all admired the fluid, graceful movements of highly skilled performers in various sports. We have also observed the awkward first steps of a young child, the slow progress of an injured person with a walking cast, and the hesitant, uneven gait of an elderly person using a cane. Virtually every activity class includes a student who seems to acquire new skills with utmost ease and a student who trips when executing a jump or misses the ball when attempting to catch, strike, or serve. What enables some individuals to execute complex movements so easily, while others appear to have difficulty with relatively simple movement skills? Although the answers to these questions may be rooted in physiological, psychological, or sociological issues, the problems identified are all biomechanical in nature. This book will provide a foundation for identifying, analyzing, and solving problems related to the biomechanics of human movement. Definition of Biomechanics The term biomechanics combines...
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...the child. Adolescents can view this type of injury as an impact on their social development and can see their recovery as a slow process that is robbing them of their time with their peers. Although it is crucial to focus on the healing process physiologically for an adolescent, it is also important to ensure the teen is developing appropriately through the psychological stages of life. The developmental stages introduced by Erikson, Freud, Piaget, and Kohlberg help to determine a child’s path into adulthood. This patient is a fourteen year old male that lives at home with his parents and is a freshman in high school. The patient appears to be well nourished, his stated age, and aware of his surroundings. When the patient was playing soccer when he was involved in a collision with his opponent. He was struck in the right leg and fell to the ground with severe pain. The patient was transported to the emergency department by his coach for apparent trauma to the right leg. After being evaluated by the emergency room physician, the patient was diagnosed with a right open comminuted tibia fibula fracture. The emergency room physician ordered a consult with orthopedics and the patient was then admitted to the hospital to start antibiotics and pain management prior to surgery. The patient was scheduled to have open reduction internal fixation the next morning. The patient appears to be his stated age, his weight is 49.896 kg and he is 5’4” in stature....
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...Low back pain by young athletes; is practicing sports, prevention or a risk factor to develop low back pain? Ziva Tavcar, Msc Human Movement Science Clinique Valmont, Switzerland Introduction Low back pain is a common problem in a modern society and is present also among pre- and adolescents as well by young athletes. Relationship between low back pain and physical activity shows that physical and psychical factors of over active or inactive life-style lead among genetically predisposed individuals to a higher risk for low back pain. Thus better understanding of a problem, earlier diagnostic and right management prevent earlier apparition of recurrences and chronicity in adulthood. Spinal pain Spinal pain appears due to variety of symptoms, which are experienced at least once in a lifetime by approximately 80% of a general population [1]. Classification of spinal pain concerns affected region (cervical, thoracic, lumbar, or irradiation in the limbs), duration (acute, sub-acute, chronic), or level of functional disability [1]. Lumbar pain is determined as a pain, muscle tension or stiffness that occurs between the last thoracic vertebra and the lower gluteal folds, with or without leg pain [1–3]. Chronic low back pain appears more often by working population in adulthood [1] and fluctuates during time, appears at different occurrences with different intensities and disability [4]. The complexity of symptoms could be associated with physical, psychical and recently genetic...
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...Terese Wilhelmsen Master’s thesis PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN THE EVERYDAY LIFE OF CHILDREN Exploring how intergenerational transfer of habitus frame boys and girls opportunity to generate and negotiate physical activity within their everyday life. NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology Faculty of Social Sciences and Technology Management Department of Sociology and Political Science Master’s thesis in Sport Science Trondheim, January 2012 Terese Wilhelmsen PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN THE EVERYDAY LIFE OF CHILDREN Exploring how intergenerational transfer of habitus frame boys and girls opportunity to generate and negotiate physical activity within their everyday life. Master in Sport Science Department of Sociology and Political Science Faculty of Social Sciences and Technology Management Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU Trondheim, Norway. 1 ABSTRACT Several indicators of social background and gender expectations are found to have an important impact on children’s physical activity patterns, yet few studies have explored intergenerational transfer of habitus through the use of triangulation of methods. The aim of this study is to explore how intergenerational transfer of habitus frames children’s opportunit to generate and negotiate physical activity in their everyday life. This is done by examining the relationship between children’s physical activity pattern’s and: parental capital, parental perception of gender appropriate...
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...FIT” Youth Athletic Program Curriculum Middle School & High School Ages 11-17 Athletic Director: Darian Witherspoon Table of Contents Section 1 – Mission and Philosophy Statement………………………………………………........................3 Section 2 – Goals and Objectives…………………………………………………………………………………………..….…...4 Goals………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………4 Objectives……………………………………………………………………..………………….…………………………..……………6 Section 3 – Instructional Model……………………………………………………………………………………………………….8 Basketball…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..……….8 Flag Football…………………………………………………………………………………….………………..……………….....…10 Soccer…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...12 Volleyball…………………….………………………………………………………………………………………………….………….14 Floor Hockey………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..……16 Softball………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...18 Section 4 --Discussion Model…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….19 Obesity…………………………………………………………………………..…………………………………………………………….19 Bullying…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………26 Section 5 --Personal / Social Responsibility and Participation Model………………………..27 Section 6 --Drugs and Alcohol……………………………………………………………………………………….…………………..28 Section 7 --Positive Impact of Athletics……………………………………………………………………………………….29 Section 8 – Program...
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