...administrators are free from any accountability in the decisions that they make and the influences that directly affect the decisions that they make in the day to day running of the affairs of the government in the service to the citizens. However, the paper is somewhat confusing in the first paragraphs of introduction of the topic. We are cognizant of the fact that moral values are intrinsic and vary from one person to another depending on various issues such as the environment of upbringing that is the society that surrounded the individual and what they perceive as the good morals an indivi9dual should uphold in the society. The values differ significantly from one community to another and that brings the difference in the universal moral values that should be followed in the public service for the benefit of all the citizens. The big issue arises when there is a conflict between the moral values and the accountability policies that are stipulated to be followed by all the public administrators in the nation. The accountability policies may call for particular set of rigid rules that repudiate the internal moral values that an individual has. In the case, the person will be more inclined to apply his moral values as opposed to the accountability policies for all public servants in the government. According to the article Pesch postulates that the accountability is the ability of an individual public administrator to be responsible...
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...refers to the measuring of how well a public policy really works. Efficiency takes into consideration several factors such as cost, results, impact, feedback and puts it all together to measure the overall success of a public policy under an efficient point of view. While it is true that efficiency more often than not is represented by a ratio between results and costs, it could be argued that other factors play a role in it. Ultimately, high efficiency is very hard to achieve even when measuring some of the best policies, but what is even harder is determining a cost for a specific policy. Therefore, efficiency is often measured by analyzing procedural efficiency instead which compares what is produced to its cost. Implementation: Implementation is a term that refers to putting public policies into effect in order to achieve goals set for those policies. However, in reality implementation is hard to achieve as there are so many different ways to stop a public policy from being adopted or carried out. In fact, one thing is to have a public policy approved by law, but even then its implementation is not guaranteed which means administrators who have their public policies implemented should consider themselves lucky. An example of implementation would be the actual actions required to get a public policy started, whatever those may be. Coming up with public programs is one thing, but its implementation is what makes the program/policy work and have any impact on society. Iron Triangle:...
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...Dr. Thomas Dilbert FARC. Nuisance or Threat? Early twentieth century Colombia was fraught with political and social injustice. The majority of individuals aligned with either the Conservative Party or the Liberal Party. The country had mainly two notable socio-economic classes. Colombia’s ruling party, at that time, was considered an oligarchy. The small group of wealthy people governing the nation did so with the interest of the wealthy in mind. Members of the wealthy socio-economic class were largely landowners. Peaseants worked the land for poor wages, many for generations. structure; defining the Corporate Public Policy. Our text defines the concept of CSR as, requiring the individual to consider his/her actions in terms of a whole social system, and holds him/her responsible for the effects of those acts anywhere in that system. These are essential concepts that are often absent from a managerial standpoint. Corporate Social Responsibility should exist within every company's infrastructure; however, social integrity is not something that is often at the forefront of modern day business dealings. Ethics, business, and society must work in concert to provide sustainable products and services that have the least negative impact. Ethics are a necessary and critical ingredient in any successful organization. Maintaining an ethical climate requires a moral and conscientious outlook by all personnel in the company. Unethical practices create a climate of contempt and...
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...content with the leadership of the federal government, the thriving economy, and the civility that conformity brought. There was a surge of new jobs in the white-collar industry, an extreme increase in the number of babies being born due to security and hopefulness for the future, and because of the booming economy there was a large increase in the move to suburban housing creating peaceful and safe neighborhoods. However, starting in 1960 and continuing until 1989, this state of well-being quickly became turmoil. As people broke out of the conformity of the fifties, there was an eruption of social change concerning feminism, the anti-war movement, counterculture,...
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...a system of “Moral hazard” which the author describes as: “[W]henever decision makers in risky situations reap the rewards from their decisions without bearing all of the costs.” (Purchase 1). The author explains why we continue using this defective system as well as the problem it has created with sub-prime mortgages and the energy crisis (Purchase 2). Purchase further explains that political decision-making is also flawed due to the ignorance of the voters whom vote out of emotion rather than intelligence (Purchase 3). Purchase concludes that until moral hazards are removed from society, social progress cannot be made (Purchase). Purchases main argument is that our institutions are not designed for prudent action but rather facilitate taking and deal with the negative consequences later on (Purchase 1). Purchase explains that the architecture of our decision-making focuses on privatizing...
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...To speak of a Reagan era as a stage of the recent history of the United States or Reaganism as a political moral or policies inflated by the still president of the United States is also to project the intensity and importance that political power has in our society, and above all personal political power. Reaganism was a certain policy, but more like a brand than a product. The product is American society, the brand is Reagan. Reaganism and its successor Trump reincarnate the “American Dream” are carriers of the conservative revolution in America; they have been able to read the sign of the times in which America is still the country of individual adventure, of the realignment with that broad set of social segments of simple, country people, workers, shopkeepers, housewives, who believe in God, in moral and spiritual values, in the family, in free enterprise, in competition, people who will never appear on television, to shout in public and that Nixon in a famous speech called the “silent majority”. They do not speak, but when they vote they give the triumph to the Reagans and the Trumps. They represent the character of the pioneers, those who gave birth to the country, the colonizers of New England, people accustomed to the struggle for life, who went ahead without the...
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...(e.g. structures, policies, powers, responsibilities, codes, cultures, procedures) would mark out an ethical organization? Business ethics is an applied ethics. It is the application of our understanding of what is good and right to do. A discussion of business ethics must begin by providing a framework of basic principles for understanding what is meant by the terms “good” and “right”. In popular usage the term “ethics” has a variety of different meanings. One of the meanings often given to it is: the principles of conduct governing an individual or a group. We use the term “personal ethics” to refer to the rules by which an individual lives his or her personal life, and use the term “accounting ethics” to refer to the code that guides the professional conduct of accountants (Velasquez (1988).,p.11). Ethics is concerned with the moral judgments involved in moral decisions. Ethics does not study all normative judgment, only those that are concerned with what is morally right and wrong, or morally good and bad. When something is judged to be morally right or wrong, or morally good or bad, the underlying standards on which the judgment is based are moral standards. Moral standards include both specific moral norms and more general moral principles. Moral norms are standards of behavior that require, prohibit, or allow certain specific kinds of behavior. Prohibitions against lying, stealing, injuring, and so on, are all moral norms. Moral principles are much...
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...Civil disobedience can be valuable and promote social progress when used for valid reasons. However, when using disobedience for invalid reasons, it promotes wrongdoings instead of social progress. Humans must differentiate between progress and ignorance to positively impact a free society. In Martin Luther King Jr.’s “Letter from a Birmingham Jail”, he argued that peaceful debates and arguments would put an end to segregation. King was a devout Christian member of the Ebenezer Baptist Church, and a...
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...within Australian society, taken from the Australian Government as an instrument to “other” individuals trying to enter Australia to seek asylum. To help comprehend the complex phenomenon of “others”, it is comparable to stereotyping, used to uphold social order. Richard Dyer (Hall, Evans & Nixon 2013) debates that “we represent people and places that are different from us with a representational practice, which we call stereotyping, which involves feelings, attitudes and emotions, and it also provokes fears and anxieties”. This ‘othering’ is a preface for the Australian Government to disregard their human rights responsibility, proclaiming that it is good for Australia. “Stop the boats” is the slogan and catchphrase the Australian Government and Australian society use when discussion of and around asylum seekers issues. This has triggered asylum seekers to be seen as a political concern instead of a humanitarian issue. Asylum seekers are used for political advance, playing on racial stereotypes or ‘others’ to strike fear within the Australian society. As the political concerns rage on, the public restrain understanding and compassion for asylum seekers. With...
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...of the concepts summarized as relating to political forms of government and market systems. These further chapters are less relevant to the DBA class that this summary was prepared for. Chapter 1 – Ethics & Business Ethics is the principles of conduct governing an individual or a group. It is the study of morality. Morality are the standards that an individual or group has about what is right and wrong, or good and evil. Moral norms can usually be expressed as general rules or statements, such as “Always tell the truth”. Moral values can usually be expressed as statements describing objects or features of objects that have worth, such as “Honesty is good” and “Injustice is bad”. Five characteristics can help pin down the nature of moral standards. 1. Moral standards deal with matters that we think can seriously injure or seriously benefit human beings. 2. Moral standards are not established or changed by the decisions of particular legislative bodies. 3. We feel that moral standards should be preferred to other values including (especially?) self-interest. 4. Moral standards are based on impartial considerations. – that is, a point of view that does not evaluate standards according to whether they advance the interests of a particular individual or group, but one that goes beyond personal interests to a “universal” standpoint in which everyone’s interests are impartially counted as equal. 5. Moral standards are associated with special emotions and a special...
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...Q 15DBQ 15: The Resurgence of Conservatism, 1964-2005 Liberals had dominated American society for most of the 1900s. The 1960s was widely known for being the age of counterculture, social reforms, and liberals. The era witnessed many advancements like racial equality such as the Voting Rights Act of 1965, a strong advancement in political liberalism, and a significant increase in the power and influence of government-funded social programs as a result of Lyndon B. Johnson's Great Society reforms. Beginning with the election of Nixon, however, followed a gradual return to conservatism whether religiously, politically, or economically. The resurgence of conservatism in American politics and government in the years 1964-2005, was caused in reaction to 1960s liberal political, economic, and social policies as well as the rise of religious political groups and the controversy over the Vietnam War. The government's political and economic policies contributed to the rise of conservatism. Most notable of the federal reforms were initiated by liberal Democrat Lyndon B. Johnson and his Great Society schemes. His "War on Poverty" speech, delivered on March 16, 1964, called for a war on poverty to give people a second chance by spending millions on education, job training, housing, and healthcare. Johnson's intention was in some ways a conservative one. He wanted to give people a hand-up, not a hand-out and make them dependent on the money earned from taxing the more fortunate (Document...
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...Discuss the moral and economic implications involved in the movement. The Occupy movement was a protest that gathered local organizers, students, and activists in response to the economic disparity of countries around the world. The protest gained momentum after a continuous series of protests took place in Zuccotti Park in New York City's Wall Street financial district (Manhattan) on September 17th, 2011, where it was named Occupy Wall Street (OWS). This is an international protest movement where the moral foundation of the OWS Movement appears to be focused around fairness, care, and liberty from oppression. The main moral issues are against social and economic inequality, greed, corruption, and the undue influence of corporations on government—particularly from the financial services sector. The OWS primary goal is to make the economic structure and power relations in society fairer. The majority view of the protesters and moral implications is to fight for more government involvement and concern for the 99 percent that are not rich. OWS protesters believe the economic system is not fair and is set up in way such that now only the rich are getting richer, and the poor are getting poorer. The rich--those on Wall Street (“the “1 percent”) got rich by taking without giving. OWS protesters view the rich as cheaters who often exploited their way to the top. They further suggested that the taxpayers had to bail out the “1 percent” after they crashed the economy. The moral economic...
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...Management Information System by Dr. Eric C.C. Tsang (曾祥財 曾祥財) 曾祥財 FIT, MUST 1 Chapter 4 Ethical and Social Issues in Information Systems 2 Management Information Systems Chapter 4 Ethical and Social Issues in Information Systems LEARNING OBJECTIVES • Identify the ethical, social, and political issues that are raised by information systems. • Identify the principles for conduct that can be used to guide ethical decisions. • Evaluate the impact of contemporary information systems and the Internet on the protection of individual privacy and intellectual property. • Assess how information systems have affected everyday life. 3 Management Information Systems Chapter 4 Ethical and Social Issues in Information Systems Is Your Student Loan Data on Loan? • Problem: Insufficient privacy protections for sensitive data related to student loans. • Solutions: Improve system security and protect student information to restore confidence in the system. • Revoke over 52,000 user IDs suspected of misusing access to students’ private information. • Demonstrates IT’s role in providing quick and convenient access to data. • Illustrates how the very same technology has the potential to threaten privacy and cause more harm than good. 4 Management Information Systems Chapter 4 Ethical and Social Issues in Information Systems Understanding Ethical and Social Issues Related to Systems • Past five years: One of the most ethically challenged periods in U.S. history...
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...concepts summarized as relating to political forms of government and market systems. These further chapters are less relevant to the DBA class that this summary was prepared for. Chapter 1 – Ethics & Business Ethics is the principles of conduct governing an individual or a group. It is the study of morality. Morality are the standards that an individual or group has about what is right and wrong, or good and evil. Moral norms can usually be expressed as general rules or statements, such as “Always tell the truth”. Moral values can usually be expressed as statements describing objects or features of objects that have worth, such as “Honesty is good” and “Injustice is bad”. Five characteristics can help pin down the nature of moral standards. 1. Moral standards deal with matters that we think can seriously injure or seriously benefit human beings. 2. Moral standards are not established or changed by the decisions of particular legislative bodies. 3. We feel that moral standards should be preferred to other values including (especially?) self-interest. 4. Moral standards are based on impartial considerations. – that is, a point of view that does not evaluate standards according to whether they advance the interests of a particular individual or group, but one that goes beyond personal interests to a “universal” standpoint in which everyone’s interests are impartially counted as equal. 5. Moral standards are associated with special emotions and a special...
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...of preferences and satisfaction. As Robert Nozick writes, unlike individuals, social entities cannot be made to make sacrifices for greater benefit or avoid harm by utilizing individuals for the benefit of others. This act disregards the fact that individuals are separate entities, and “his life is the only life he has.” The legislating of morality would be incompatible with the staunch libertarian stand that disallows such laws, which in their view are coercive and an affront to freedom and self-ownership. To the libertarian, only a minimal state – that enforces contracts and keeps the peace would be permissible. Legislating morality brings up another issue of whose morals do we take as the benchmark to be applied universally to the governed. Would such a law also inflict someone else’s moral will upon me? The Kantian doctrine answers this question. Kant depends on the idea that humans are rational beings, capable of acting freely. According to Kant, acting freely is to be autonomous, abiding by laws we give ourselves – not according to nature, which would be heteronomous, and moral accountability arises from autonomy (we cannot be held responsible for things we have no control over). Kant adds that acting morally is to act out of duty to the moral law. Sandel’s interpretation of Kant on what ensures that one individual’s moral law would not differ from another is that when we will the moral law...
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