...9/18/15 2B Social Issues Civil Rights Movement (1954-1972) 1960 Greensboro, NC Lunch Counter Sit-Ins In protest of local restaurants that refuse to serve African-American customers, a series of sit-ins is staged at lunch counters in Greensboro, North Carolina. 1. How did this impact the lives of Americans? How it impact a nation was it sparked a sit-in that movement that spread to colleges and, towns and many protesters were arrested for trespassing, disorderly conduct and so called disturbing the peace, but their actions have made an immediate and ever- lasting impact, which forced Woolworth’s and other establishments to change their segregationist policies. 2. How did the three branches of government respond to this event? How did the government respond the sit-ins were successful in achieving the desegregation of lunch counters and other public places. Nashville's students, who started their sit-ins a few days after the Greensboro group, attained desegregation of the downtown department store lunch counters in May, 1960 which then helped media picked up this issue and covered it nationwide, beginning with lunch counters and spreading to other forms of public accommodation, including transport facilities, art galleries, beaches, parks, swimming pools, libraries, and even museums around the South. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 mandated desegregation in public accommodations. 3. what are the social political climate and social economic...
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...Axia College Material Appendix C Leaders and Legislation of the Civil Rights and Black Power Movements Identify leaders of the Civil Rights and Black Power movements and their contributions to their respective causes. How did these social pioneers forge the way for this important ratification? What legislation was relevant during these critical times? Part I Complete the following matrix by identifying 7 to 10 leaders or legislative events from both the Civil Rights and Black Power movements. The first leader is provided as a model. |Leader and Associated |Date(s) |Organization and/or Cause |Contribution | |Legislation, if any | | | | |A. Philip Randolph |1941 |Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters, which |His threat to march on Washington to protest | | | |fought Discrimination |discriminatory treatment caused former | | | | |President Franklin D. Roosevelt to react with | | | | |new policies on job discrimination. | |Booker T. |1856 |Tuskegee Institute |Became the head of the Tuskegee Institute...
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...September 16, 2015 Howard Zinn: Civil Rights Howard Zinn was an American historian, playwright, and social activist. He sometimes referred to himself as a Democratic Socialist. In Howard Zinn’s book A People’s History of the United States his main concern was that while the government made civil rights reforms they predominantly did so not out of human interest, but out of a need to reform their international image. Zinn further addresses that in-large part the United States government failed to enforce these new civil rights reforms. With the events of the Civil Rights Movement, Zinn demonstrates the United States duplicity as early as the 1930s. In Howard Zinn’s book A People’s History of the United States he notes that while the nation denounced racism, it nevertheless “maintained segregation in the armed forces and kept blacks in low-paying jobs” (chapter 17). I think Zinn also goes to state in his book that the as the United States failed to adequately provide solutions to the race question, African Americans became increasingly aligned with Communist movements. With the volatile political climate of the late 1940s – the country had just survived World War II – it was essential that the nation demonstrate internationally that it was making a substantial stand against Communism. Zinn argues this started with African American ties to Communism. It follows that the United States government’s original motivation for enacting Civil Rights legislation was as a means of presenting...
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...Role of the American Government in creating Race Wars and Racial Tension There has been a long standing history of cultural divide in this country. The United States of America was built upon this premise. Race has always been a defining factor of what position you have been placed in society. America was founded upon a revolutionary approach, and once America was conquered by Europe, they set their government up to only include Europeans. The system was developed by Anglo-Saxons as a self-serving mechanism that excluded all other races. The Native Americans experienced this first hand when their country was occupied by British, French, and Spanish crusaders. This, amongst other invasions, led to the first examples of racial wars and tension in American history. We have seen this play out throughout the generations of our ancestors, who have experienced this state of racial tension, segregation, and slave ownership on both sides of the equation. America has always had racial tension from its inception. Several Civil Wars have occurred on American soil, and race has been an issue in most of them. We have been taught in society that being a certain race can define your future and potential for success. This has been proven in every aspect of American life. The infrastructure of the United States was built by several different races, some by choice, and some through slavery, and this is the driving force behind the deep seeded tension experienced by current Americans today. We...
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...Sexual Liberation Cassandra M. Gonzalez HIS/145 the American Experience Since 1945 Dr. William Frost OCT/10/2012 Sexual liberation The 1960’s in our history of the United States are often described today as the period of profound societal change. Attitudes to a variety of issues changed including changes towards sexual attitudes. This altered view towards sexual attitudes and behavior is often today referred to as the sexual revolution, also known as the time of sexual liberation. Many different political movements were all important components to this period in the sexual revolution, such as Feminists, gay rights campaigners, and hippies just to name a few. American’s during this era faced many controversial issues – from the civil rights, to the Vietnam War, and nuclear arms, and the time was ripe for change. This climate of change led many, particularly the young in significantly shifting social attitudes, behaviors and institutional regulations surrounding sexuality. The Birth of Contraceptives Sexual liberation was a social movement that challenged what society viewed as the sexual norm and typical gender roles. Sex became more socially accepted outside of monogamous, heterosexual marriages, and increased. The increase in acceptance of intercourse prior to marriage gave individuals more freedom. The year of 1962 many advances occurred that supported the freedom of being sexual active and not having to procreate: the first Birth Control pill went on the market...
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...Civil disobedience is one of the oldest known forms of protesting. Henry David Thoreau felt strongly about it, dedicating a whole essay as well as spending a night in jail for paying his taxes in protest of the unjust mexican american war. Civil disobedience is a form of protesting that most likely will result in legal repercussions, thus making it a more extreme form of protesting. Thoreau wrote about Civil Disobedience and the need for it is still relevant today. In thoreau’s time period he believed more men needed to stand up for what they believed in. He tried his best in not paying his taxes because he thought that by doing so he was funding the army that was fighting an unjust war. This was the mexican american war. By not paying his taxes Thoreau ended up having to go to jail and spent a night in jail. Thoreau also stood against slavery, he believed “According to "Civil Disobedience," the symbolism of a public act of principled defiance would galvanize the nation and lead quickly to the abolition of slavery” . Thoreau opens his essay stating that "That government is best which governs least.” showing his disdain with the american government and their unethical legislature. He believed justice was only achieved...
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...destined to expand to the west. “Americans not only considered Westward expansion a desirable objective but an endowment from God through which they could take their democratic republicanism across North America (Dobson, 2013). There were many factors that urged westward expansion, but the most common reasons for settlers were for the social environment, the natural environment, and the economic opportunities. The social environment of the west included the idea of freedom and the idea of Native American interaction. The natural environment was thriving in the west as gold and other precious minerals were discovered throughout westward expansion. The economic opportunities in the west were almost endless. As settlers took adapted Manifest Destiny, opportunist and businessmen took it towards their advantage...
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...How important was the contribution of Martin Luther King to the civil rights movement in the years 1955-68? The civil rights movement was aimed to give African Americans Social, Political and Economic equality after President Abraham Lincoln declared the freedom of all American slaves in 1862 Emancipation Proclamation and the thirteenth amendment was passed to the American constitution which announced slavery illegal. Despite the fourteenth and fifteenth amendments being passed to the US constitution they were never fully enforced since there was segregation in housing, voting, and education. Was Martin Luther Kings contribution to the civil rights movement the most significant in achieving equality for African Americans between 1955-68, or were other factors such as the Vietnam war, increasing political activists like Malcolm X and changes in the political climate as important? Gandhi’s peaceful protest methods was a big inspiration to Martin Luther King as this was also his main and only method of protest, he showed this in the Montgomery bus boycott since he highlighted the injustice of segregation on interstate buses in America only by persuading black people to boycott the buses. This protest lasted 13 months and was one of Martin Luther Kings most prominent role as a civil rights leader. The NAACP which turned to long standing member Rosa Parks to take action by challenging segregation on the Montgomery buses. When Rosa parks was arrested and fined $14 Martin Luther...
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...Introduction: African American history. It has great and true stories to tell. These African Americans have different and unique stories to tell. Because of these people, they have made the United States a better place. Let’s go deeper into African American history. Pre-20th Century Contributions Way before the 20th century, African Americans made outstanding contributions to various characteristics of American society despite the challenges of slavery and discrimination. They excelled in areas such as literature, politics, arts, music, abolitionism, and entrepreneurship. But what people have had a huge impact in this era of Black excellence? Let’s list a few. Phillis Wheatley. She was the first ever published African-American female poet....
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...The Civil Rights Movement already ended the segregation between Black and White people and to the issue of interracial sexual relations. It is the main post Second World War social movement. It was a model for further other social movements and directly linked with, in the sense it inspired them, the “Women's liberation movement” or “First-wave feminism”. Both the Black and feminist movements are direct big protest movements. It is in this gap that second-wave feminism rooted and led to, at the end, the Civil Rights Movement. Anne Koedt realized with other feminist partners that it is through the awareness of their condition, their identity, their strength, in the “Consciousness-raising,” and also through the weight of the considered coalition: feminists + gays “Union makes strength,” that they will be able to access the supreme powers. This will begin with the fight for civil rights for...
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...leading up to the election have set the stage for the possibility of a realigning election in the near future. In the days following the election, it was repeated over and over that Mitt Romney’s loss to President Obama signaled the end is nearing for the Republican party and a new period of Democratic dominance was coming. The same happened in 2008 with the election of Obama. Enthusiasm for the Democratic party was high in the early stages of Obama’s first term, however hope for the future of the GOP came with the rise of the Tea Party. Beginning in small town hall meetings across the country, the Conservative movement rapidly gained momentum in opposition to Obamacare. Town hall protesters quickly organized into a nation-wide grassroots movement that resulted in the GOP retaking the House in the midterm elections. At that point, it appeared that the progressive movement was possibly finished. With Obama’s re-election, it is clear that the Democratic Party is still strongly unified. Still, both parties are facing scrutiny now more than ever, and there is a real possibility that dissatisfaction of both parties leaves the door open for other possibilities in the next few election cycles. By looking at Mayhew’s fifteen characteristics for a realigning election, the possibility for a realignment in the near future seems greater than it has been in...
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...At the midpoint of the twentieth century, African Americans once again answered the call to transform the world. The social and economic ravages of Jim Crow era racism were all-encompassing and deep-rooted. Yet like a phoenix rising from the ashes of lynch mobs, debt peonage, residential and labor discrimination, and rape, the black freedom movement raised a collective call of "No More"! The maintenance of white power had been pervasive and even innovative, and hence those fighting to get out from under its veil had to be equally unrelenting and improvisational in strategies and tactics. What is normally understood as the Civil Rights movement was in fact a grand struggle for freedom extending far beyond the valiant aims of legal rights and protection. From direct-action protests and boycotts to armed self-defense, from court cases to popular culture, freedom was in the air in ways that challenged white authority and even contested established black ways of doing things in moments of crisis. Dixie and Beyond By the middle of the twentieth century, black people had long endured a physical and social landscape of white supremacy, embedded in policy, social codes, and both intimate and spectacular forms of racial restriction and violence. The social and political order of Jim Crow—the segregation of public facilities—meant schools, modes of transportation, rest rooms, and even gravesites were separate and unequal. Yet the catch-all phrase "Jim Crow" hardly accounts for the...
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...Thought Paper Writing Assignment on: Life in the South Many colonists came to America because of a desire to prosper and to start a new life. The majority of the settlers were males under the age of twenty. They didn’t realize how harsh it was going to be in the South. I am sure they did not expect to die like so many of them did. The life that they hoped for was not the life that they received. The Southern colonies were an ideal place for agriculture. The long, warm, and moist climate was perfect for growing cash crops such as tobacco, cotton, rice, and indigo. Its rivers were useful for transportation. The hot weather made life in the south harsh and a death expectancy that was shorter than New England’s. There were four classes of settlers; they were the plantation owners, the middle class farmers, the indentured servants, and the slaves. Almost half of the settlers were indentured servants or slaves. How life was in the Southern colonies depended upon which class of people you came from. In a plantation, the wealthy planters’ children were educated at home by teachers that their parents hired; they had easy lives. They learned reading, writing, dancing, and music. Boys learned to ride horses and hunt, and spent lots of time outdoors. The older boys were taught how to run the plantation. The indentured servants were people who came to the colonies on contract. Their hopes were to come to America for a better opportunity of a good life. They would have their fare...
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...Human Rights Commission of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights Official Complaint of the Government of Algoria Alleging Violation of the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights by Australia 31 December 2008 By Keely Boom LLB B Com GDLP PhD Candidate, University of Wollongong Legal Officer, Australian Climate Justice Program CONTENTS Contents I. Summary of Complaint 3 II. Complainant 3 III. Defendant 3 IV. Basis of Complaint 4 V. Jurisdiction 4 VI. Exhaustion of all available domestic remedies 7 VII. Facts submitted by the Government of Algoria 8 VIII. Alleged Violations of the ICCPR by Australia 12 A. The Right of Self-Determination 13 B. The Right to Life 14 C. The Right to Liberty of Movement and Freedom to Choose One’s Residence 15 D. Freedom from Arbitrary or Unlawful Interference with Privacy and Family 16 E. The Right to Culture 17 IX. Causation 17 X. Remedies sought 20 Explanatory Note 22 Summary of Complaint 1. The State of Algoria complains that Australia is failing to fulfil its existing obligations under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights[1] (“ICCPR”) due to its historical and continuing contribution to anthropogenic climate change and its associated impacts upon the human rights and fundamental freedoms recognised in ICCPR as held by the citizens of the State of Algoria. 2. The State of Algoria makes this Complaint in accordance with interstate...
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...Why did the Women’s Liberation Movement Emerge in the late 1960’s? Discuss with reference to Britain and the United States of America. In a decade where the whole world was experiencing revolutions due to social discontent, this increased the desire, of women, in the late 1960’s to ‘confront existing structures of oppression,’ giving the impetus for the emergence of the Women’s Liberation Movement. Caine argues the emergence of the movement bought a ‘new tone,’ when discussing women’s oppression. Rather than focusing directly on women’s suffrage, this was a political movement demanding ‘rapid and radical change,’ in an ever increasing ambience of liberalisation. Upon inception, it is vital to highlight one can account different reasons for the emergence of the movement in Britain and America, as different domestic situations led to different reasons for the emergence of a more radical form of feminism. This essay, together with a multiplicity of historians, will consider the importance of World War II and the Civil Rights Movement, and the impact they had on the emergence of the Women’s Liberation Movement. Linked to this is the ever apparent discrimination women faced and increasing desires to change this, coupled with developments of new opportunities, demonstrated by the aforementioned world events. Additionally, the impact of literature such as Betty Friedan’s, The Feminine Mystique, needs to be considered. Whilst all the factors play an important role in contributing...
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