...Associate Level Material Appendix A Clash of Cultures Complete the grid by describing the characteristics listed in the left-side column for the five groups named. | |Native Americans |Northern Colonists |Mid-Atlantic Colonists |Southern Colonists |West Africans | |Political Structure|Politics advanced in large |Participated in discussions, took |The Middle Colonies were generally|The southern colonies had a |Politics advanced in large | | |kingdoms that oversaw and |votes on projects and taxes. Laws |run by Royal or Proprietary |governor and a council appointed |kingdoms that oversaw and | | |protected their citizens and that |were based on common law to do |Governors and elected Colonial |by the crown, and an assembly |protected their citizens and that | | |allowed for expansive lines of |God’s duty in the land he had |Assemblies. Many Middle Colony |or house of representatives that |allowed for expansive lines of | | |trade. |given them |constitutions guaranteed freedom |was elected by the people. The |trade. | | | | |of religion and forbade taxation |governor...
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...The system of castas was a socio-racial classification that impacted every aspect of Spanish colonial life, including honor, taxation and marriage. This division was shown clearly and visually in all artwork and readings throughout colonial time. The Castas system revolved around four major categories of race: Peninsular, a Spain-born Spaniard; Criollo, a person of Spanish descent born in the colonies; Indio, a person who is descendent of the Native Americas and Negro, a person of African descent, usually a slave. Variations and combinations of these four categories had specific rank attached to them with the highest being a Spaniard born in Spain and the lowest being those of African descent that were brought to the colonies as slaves. Each socio-racial “rank” came with their own set of privileges and restrictions, both legal and customary. During Spanish colonialism, a long list of different terms were used to identify types of people with specific racial or ethnic heritages. By the end, over a hundred possible variations of intermixed race...
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...events occured leading to the Spanish American Revolutions. This dealed with Latin America and the Caribbean, which the area was controlled by Spain and Portugal. This revolution was influenced by the French, North American and Haitian Revolutions. Spain's colonies was also influenced by ideas from the European enlightenment. The fight for colonial independence was a dramtic change that caused chains of external events and tension, it also created positive effects. Before the independence movements Latin America/Caribbean were living harshly, mainly economically. They had trade restrictions that only let them trade with "motherland". Motherland was represented by Spain who they were the only one that Latin...
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...1783, the social experiences of American colonists irreversibly transformed. Paul Cuffe's petition to the government of Massachusetts led to the advent of the Massachusetts Constitution in 1780. This document signaled the freedom of all male citizens in the state of Massachusetts. Additionally, The Tory's Day of Judgment illustrates the violent division that erupted between the American colonists and the British loyalists during this era. As demonstrated in Abigail Adams' letter to her husband, the awareness of gender equality also shaped this revolutionary era. Undoubtedly, major changes and continuities emerged within the lives of American colonists. In 1780, Paul Cuffe petitioned the government of Massachusetts...
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...THE CAUSES AND EFFECT OF THE HAITIAN REVOLUTION The Haitian Revolution represents the most thorough case study of revolutionary change anywhere in the history of the modern world. In ten years of sustained internal and international warfare, a colony populated predominantly by plantation slaves overthrew both its colonial status and its economic system and established a new political state of entirely free individuals—with some ex-slaves constituting the new political authority. As only the second state to declare its independence in the Americas, Haiti had no viable administrative models to follow. The British North Americans who declared their independence in 1776 left slavery intact, and theirs was more a political revolution than a social and economic one. The success of Haiti against all odds made social revolutions a sensitive issue among the leaders of political revolt elsewhere in the Americas during the final years of the eighteenth century and the first decades of the nineteenth century. Yet the genesis of the Haitian Revolution cannot be separated from the wider concomitant events of the later eighteenth-century Atlantic world. Indeed, the period between 1750 and 1850 represented an age of spontaneous, interrelated revolutions, and events in Saint Domingue/Haiti constitute an integral—though often overlooked—part of the history of that larger sphere. These multi-faceted revolutions combined to alter the way individuals and groups saw themselves and their place in...
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...Separation from Britain was a brilliant alternative route by the Second Continental Congress and their supporters the patriots in not being submissive to Britain tyrannical reigning. However, there are many online article, books, or websites that support the idea of America remaining with the British for commercial and military purposes. But the delegates in the Second Continental Congress, for example, John Dickson, George read, and many other colony representatives gained an opening in seceding from the British Crown. Since the American Revolution War already began before the Second Continental Congress met, delegates wanted to raise a stronger army and weapon to counter the Crown forces. Additionally, an English American named Thomas Paine...
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...from British rule, its colonies were still constructed the same. Social transformation did not occur, even though many citizens thought that they were creating a “new order for the ages” within the society. This conservative movement achieved the existing liberties of the colonies instead of making new ones. The French Revolution focused their efforts to create a new society of social equality and remove the presence of monarchy. And although the country became a republic and passed universal male suffrage, it was never implemented any further. The gender roles of during the French Revolution were not fully supported by the male population, even though women sought to become more active in the major events of the revolution....
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...reading titled “A Royal Tongue Lashing.” In particular, what political claims did the document make? What was the Copernican Revolution and why was it so important? What was the initial reception to the Copernican System, and how did Copernicanism ultimately become accepted throughout the European scientific community and European culture more broadly? In answering, be sure to outline the general history of the Scientific Revolution as we discussed in class. What were the cultural and social implications of the new science? In particular, how did Francis Bacon rethink science as a social process? And how did Robert Boyle rethink the culture of the new science, particularly considering the political context of his time? Be sure to include a discussion of Bacon’s New Atlantis, in particular the way it reflected Bacon’s conception of science and society. Seventeenth-century England was a time of seemingly endless contestation. What were some of the sources of these divisions in English society and politics? What were the primary political differences between the opposing sides? What ultimately brought an end to the differences? In answering this question, be sure to outline the primary events of seventeenth-century England as we discussed in class. Also, be sure to include a discussion of Hobbes’ Leviathan in answering...
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...CHAPTER 5 The American Revolution, 1763-1783 Chapter Study Outline I. The crisis begins A. Pre-1763 consolidation of imperial authority B. Emerging split over British-colonial relations 1. British perspective a. Subordinate position of colonies b. Obligation of colonies to share in cost of empire c. "Virtual representation" 2. American perspective a. Equality of colonies and mother country b. No taxation without representation C. Initial skirmishes 1. Writs of assistance against smuggling 2. Proclamation of 1763 3. Sugar Act 4. Revenue Act 5. Currency Act D. Stamp Act crisis 1. Provisions of Stamp Act 2. Indignation in colonies 3. Taxation and representation; increasing opposition a. Virginia resolutions b. Stamp Act Congress c. Boycott of British goods d. Public demonstrations e. Committees of Correspondence f. Sons of Liberty g. Crowd actions 4. Breadth of opposition a. Colonial elites b. Middling ranks c. Laboring classes 5. Repeal of Stamp Act; passage of Declaratory Act E. Internal colonial disputes 1. Tenant uprising in Hudson Valley 2. Tenant uprising in Green Mountains 3. Regulators in South Carolina 4. Regulators in North Carolina II. The road to revolution A. Townshend crisis 1. Provisions of Townshend duties 2. Colonial response, home-spun virtue a. Revival of boycott on British goods b. American-made goods as symbol of resistance c. Reawakening of popular protest B. Boston Massacre 1. Stationing of troops in Boston 2...
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...Van Pham Truax, p. 6 9/12/14 Chapter 3 Assignment I. Thesis Question: 1) Analyze the challenges Native Americans faced in both allying with and waging war against European settlers. Be sure to reference different regions. From the mid-17th century to the mid-18th century, Britain was at many wars with France, Netherlands, and Spain. These nations dragged the Native Americans into their power struggles as the wars reached the New World. Native Americans faced challenges to trade, peace, and relations with each other and with European settlers in both allying with and waging war against European settlers. However, a few turned these challenges to their advantage. In allying with one European country and not the other, Native Americans faced hostility and conflicts with the other. During the War of the Spanish Succession, Britain was fighting both France and Spain. It allied with the Creek Indians in the Carolinas to attack Spanish settlements in the New World, specifically Spanish Florida. This alliance with Britain resulted in Spanish aggression towards the Creeks. However, even the alliance with Britain could not stop hostility between the English settlers and the Creeks; the Creeks rebelled against the English settlers after the latter ordered the natives to pay trade debts. Farther up north in the New England region, Mohawk Indians allied with the...
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...Slavery was part our country and was permitted by society before the Civil War took place. People were okay with treaty African-American race inhumanly taking their identities away from them, this was a period where society was in America was rotten, the country was divided and differences existed among the states. History has proven that humans can be cruel and manage to take over the happiness of others. In the beginning slaves were brought from Africa to the American colonies, the text Slavery in America from History.com said “Slavery in America began when the first African slaves were brought to the North American Colony of Jamestown, Virginia.” This system stole their identity by drafting them away from their families and homes. That...
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...Major Event/Epoch in American History Time Period/Date(s) Description and Significance of the People/Event(s) to American History 1) Describe three different American Indian cultures prior to colonization. 1200-1900 C.E. Great Indian societies such as the Aztec, Mayan, Inca, and Toltec would emerge. They had complex structures of government and built large cities. These cities would even be seen as impressive to the Europeans when they later arrived on the continent (Brands, Breen, Williams, Gross, 2012). The Aztecs were the most powerful of the Indians and expanded their empire as they conquered many other tribes all throughout what is now Mexico. The groups along the Atlantic coast were smaller in numbers and not as agriculturally advanced. These cultures were more peaceful and even had some democratic type qualities to them. Many of the Europeans first contact would be with these communities. 2) The effects of British colonization on the Native Americans. 1600’s Despite Columbus and other explorers going off to the New World, the British did not show any major interest until the late 1500’s. The most immediate effect of the arrival of British settlers was the issue of land. They were taking land and resources that were not their own. However with peaceful relations there was plenty of land for both early settlers and the Native Americans. Early contact between English settlers and Native Americans was not filled with hostility but was rather peaceful. Both parties were interested...
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...Christina Penh Mr. Jobs AP American History 2012 Summer Assignment The American Revolution: A History by Gordon S. Wood Many people mistake the American Revolution for the American War of Independence, but Gordon S. Wood saw it as something more: it was a complete change in the political structure of America. The American Revolution: A History provides a great swift account of the conflicts and motivations of the period from 1760 to 1790. According to Wood his main points, are: “How the Revolution came about, what its character was, and what its consequences were” as “the questions this brief history seeks to answer”(Wood, xxv). He tries to focus more on the important details instead of trying to argue whether or not the consequences of the Revolution were good or bad. The story is told clearly and is a great overview of the historical, political, and intellectual ideas and events that make up this fascinating time in our country’s history. It is detailed and goes in-depth, exploring all aspects of the Revolution. It includes maps, a time-line and quotes from colonists and people who were there. In order to explain his reasoning, he demonstrates how the United States was impacted by the radical revolution, transitioning from English colonies to an independent republic. This is why his book is organized into seven chapters: Origins, American Resistance, Revolution, Constitution-Making and War, Republicanism, Republican Society, and the Federal Constitution. Only fourteen...
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...“British history has been a history of invasion.” Please illustrate this point. – 1st century AD (43): Briton was invaded by the Roman Empire → found valuable metals → decided to settle down. – 4th century AD: invasion of a group of barbaric people over the Europe. The Romans had to return to Rome to protect their own country. – 5th century AD (410): Anglo–Saxon invasion – Germanic peoples: the Anglos, the Saxons. They were powerful. → They divided the country into 2 parts: + Anglo – Saxon area in England + Celtic area in Wales, Scotland and Ireland The Anglo-Saxon invaders were the forefathers of the English, the founders of "Angle-land" or "England". – From the late 8th century on, raiders from Scandinavia, the cruel Vikings threatened Britain's shores. – The next invaders were the Normans, from northern France in 1066. – Next few hundred years: a process of joining together the various parts of the British Isles under English rule. What are some general characteristics of Scotland? – The second largest of the four nations, both in population and in geographical area. – The most confident of its own identity. – The most rugged part of the UK, with areas of sparsely populated mountains and lakes in the north (the Highlands), and in the south (the Southern Uplands). – Scotland was not conquered by the Romans or the Anglo–Saxons. – Scotland began to experience Viking raids in the 9th century, and it was the...
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...introduction that states the purpose of the document, which was to explain why the American people were declaring independence from the government of Great Britain. The second part is a theory of good government and individual rights generally accepted by Americans from the 1770s until today. In this theory, all individuals are equal in their possession of certain immutable rights. These rights are not granted by the government. Rather, they are inherent to human nature. Therefore, the first purpose of a good government is to secure or protect these rights. Further, a good government is based on the consent of the governed -- the people -- who are the sole source of the government's authority. If their government persistently violates this theory of good government, then the people have the right to overthrow it. The third part of the document is a list of grievances against King George III, who was singled out to represent the actions of the British government. These grievances are examples of actions that violated the criteria for good government stated in the second part of the Declaration of Independence. These grievances, therefore, justify separation from the King's bad government and establishment of a good government to replace it. The fourth and final part of the document is an unqualified assertion of sovereignty by the United States of America. It proclaims the determination of Americans to defend and maintain their independence and rights. The Six Basic Principles of...
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