Premium Essay

Social Market Economy

In:

Submitted By cherose
Words 7769
Pages 32
Proceedings No. 21
Of the Agricultural Policy Forum on

Social Market Economy
In the Context of National & International Challenges
Prepared by Mrs. Nawal Nehme Info-Com Division

Held in Damascus on 13 April 2006
With the support of

Table of Contents

Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 3 Synthesis of The Presentation .......................................................................................................... 3 Summary of Discussion ...................................................................................................................12 Annex (1) List of Participants .......................................................................................................... 15 Annex (2) Slides of The Presentation ..............................................................................................18

Proceedings No. 21– Social Economy Market

1

2

Proceedings No. 21 – Social Economy Market

Introduction
The workshop “the Social Market Economy in the Context of National & International Challenges” was the first activity of the 2006 Agricultural Policy Forum series organized by the National Agricultural Policy Center (NAPC) with the support of the FAO Project GCP/SYR/006/ITA. Dr Isam El-Zaim, Director General of The Arab Center for Strategic Studies and Head of the Syrian Economic Scientific Association, presented this workshop on April 13, 2006 at the NAPC premises in Damascus. The NAPC, a department of the Syrian Ministry of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform, has the mission of shedding light on the most important economic and agricultural issues, aiming to significantly contribute to identifying appropriate policies and strategies promoting sustainable development in pivotal fields, particularly

Similar Documents

Premium Essay

Mixed Economy

...Mixed Economy A mixed economy is an economic system that incorporates aspects of more than one economic system. This usually means an economy that contains both privately-owned and state-owned enterprises or that combines elements of capitalism and socialism, or a mix of market economy and planned economy characteristics. This system overcomes the disadvantages of both the market and planned economic systems. Features * Resources are owned both by the government as well as private individuals. i.e. co-existence of both public sector and private sector. * Market forces prevail but are closely monitored by the government. Advantages * Producers and consumer have sovereignty to choose what to produce and what to consume but production and consumption of harmful goods and services may be stopped by the government. * Social cost of business activities may be reduced by carrying out cost-benefit analysis by the government. * As compared to Market economy, a mixed economy may have less income inequality due to the role played by the government. * Monopolies may be existing but under close supervision of the government. http://www.dineshbakshi.com What Are The Advantages And Disadvantages Of Mixed Economy? The mixed economy refers to such an economic system wherein two the sector exist and function for achieving national objectives. The two sectors are the public sector and private sector. Both these sectors exist and function for achieving national objectives...

Words: 1830 - Pages: 8

Free Essay

Business Behaviour

...ALWAYS LEARNING B401 Assignment Business Environment PROFESSOR: Apoorva Chaudhry th SUBMISSION DATE: 4 May 2016 15100150 PEARSON COLLEGE LONDON BUSINESS & ENTERPRISE STUDENT – LEVEL 4 B401: Business Environment 15100150 Level 4 ALWAYS LEARNING 2 PEARSON B401: Business Environment 15100150 Level 4 B401 – Assignment ..................................................................................................................... 5 business environment .......................................................................................................................... 5 Task 1 ........................................................................................................................................... 5 part 1 ....................................................................................................................................................... 5 Part 2 ....................................................................................................................................................... 7 Part 3 ....................................................................................................................................................... 8 TASK 2 - Power Point Slides’ notes ..................................................................................................... 9 TASK 3 ..............................................................................................

Words: 6707 - Pages: 27

Premium Essay

Student

...45 2014 January International Business Studies and the Imperative of Context. Exploring the ‘Black Whole’ in Institutional Theory Michael Jakobsen ©Copyright is held by the author or authors of each Discussion Paper. Copenhagen Discussion Papers cannot be republished, reprinted, or reproduced in any format without the permission of the paper's author or authors. Note: The views expressed in each paper are those of the author or authors of the paper. They do not represent the views of the Asia Research Centre or Copenhagen Business School. Editor of the Copenhagen Discussion Papers: Associate Professor Michael Jacobsen Asia Research Centre Copenhagen Business School Porcelænshaven 24 DK-2000 Frederiksberg Denmark Tel.: (+45) 3815 3396 Email: mj.int@cbs.dk www.cbs.dk/arc International Business Studies and the Imperative of Context. Exploring the ‘Black Whole’ in Institutional Theory Michael Jakobsen Associate Professor Asia Research Centre Copenhagen Business School mj.int@cbs.dk Abstract The aim of this article is to take a critical look at how to perceive informal institutions within institutional theory. Douglas North in his early works on institutional theory divided the national institutional framework into two main categories, formal and informal institution or constraints as he called them. The formal constraints consisted of political rules, judicial decisions and economic contracts, whereas informal constraints consisted of socially sanctioned norms...

Words: 10292 - Pages: 42

Premium Essay

Economic Systems

...them are how much Government controls economy. • Free Market economy • Command economy • Mixed market economy Free Market Free market economy is also called Capitalism. Nearly all of the country's factors of production are owned privately. Basically, firms can sell anything they want. They effectively respond to the consumers, who are allowed to buy anything that is sold by the producers. Everyone in this system is motivated by pure self-interest. There is very high level of competition in this type of market and it has numerous buyers and sellers because there is no barriers to entry or exit. Firms are seeking to maximize their profits while consumers seek the greatest benefit for the lowest cost. Also workers are trying to maximize their wage relative to the cost of working. Individuals are free to make their own decisions like where to work or what to buy. Firms are free to choose what to produce and who to sell to. Prices are determined by supply and demand – prices may rise if there are shortages of a product or demand is high. Problems with free market economy: Some consumers are unwilling to pay for merit good or public goods i.e. health, education Demerit goods are really cheap, they are goods which are over consumed such as alcohol or cigarettes. Inequality of power in the market – the well off are in a position to pay high prices and so goods are produced to satisfy their needs. Barriers restricting entry to the market place – producers could take over competitors...

Words: 686 - Pages: 3

Premium Essay

Document

...BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT Y/601/0546 MARKET ENVIRONMENT AND ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR MOHAMED ABOOBUCKER JAZEER AHAMED Introduction Business environment is composed of two words ‘Business’ and ‘Environment’. In economic sense ‘Business’ means human activities like production, purchase or extraction or sales of products or services that are performed to earn money. Meanwhile ‘Environment’ means the aspect of surroundings. Business environment is the set of conditions institutional, political, economical, legal or social that is uncontrollable and affects the functions of the organization. Business environment consists of two components: external environment and internal environment.  Internal environment includes of 5 M’s like management, money, machinery, material and man. On the other hand, External environment consists of demo-graphical factors, socio-cultural factors, political factors, geo-physical factors, government and legal factors. LO1 1.1 ------------------------------------------------- Different Types of Organizations Organizations A social unit of people that is structured and managed to meet a need or to pursue collective goals. All organizations have a management structure that determines relationships between the different activities and the members, and subdivides and assigns roles, responsibilities, and authority to carry out different tasks. Organizations are open systems they affect and are affected by their environment. Read more: http://www...

Words: 11460 - Pages: 46

Premium Essay

International Business Environment

...in other countries. For example Tesco, Ford, General Motor, McDonald, Disney, so many other companies. These companies have key interest to standardise their product for general acceptance. The international business becomes more complex. Tie between the different societies and organisations. (Meldrum, D.H) as businesses inter into new market it chances of 50% losses increases. Due to different in economic, political, cultural structure, policies, geography and currencies. These factor decreases profit ratio of international investment. There are no specific criteria to measure such in-stability. Every investor used their own method and measure. Uncertain condition of country make easy for international business to design their own stability criteria. (Considering risk in international business) Business has no idea about the local risk. It's difficult to operate and manage in such condition where the Culture, Social, Economic, Political, and legal structure are not stable. In such cause the international business need to take all the measurement either it`s Commercial, Culture, Social. Political or legal instability before enter into new market or country. 2. International business (McCulloch, C.1999)International business is started as with the formation of first national borders. Greek started such activity before the Christ follow by the British in 1600 when they establish the East India Company throughout the Asian as trading firm. With passage of time...

Words: 3378 - Pages: 14

Premium Essay

Budget Debate

...question for task 2.1 Jason: Thank you caller. For the sake of the wider public; society is faced with the economic problem of scarcity, which exists because factors of production or to use common vernacular…resources…are finite while consumers’ wants are infinite. Economic systems are the systems employed by the state or nation to allocate these scarce resources and apportion goods and services in the national community. Now, there are three basic economic systems, planned, market and mixed…so I would now invite the panel to shed some light on each of these and in particular help the caller to understand which applies to our local economy. Marjorie: Ok…Jason so you mentioned planned economies, a planned is where the government has total control of the economy and the allocation of resources. Government and their central planners decide on what, how and for whom goods and services are produced. This type of governance is associated with socialist type economies namely Korea and Cuba. In a Planned Economy central planners decide what to produce based on assumptions of consumers needs of goods and services and they also focus on allocating resources for future consumption. Central planners also plan the production process once the outputs have been attained then the level of inputs are calculated. Government will also determine to whom...

Words: 4083 - Pages: 17

Premium Essay

Market and Its Performance

...ECONOMICS LECTURE REPORT MARKET AND ITS PERFORMANCE : MAIN ELEMENTS AND FUNCTIONS TEACHER: EDITOR: Assoc Prof Yalcin BORLU Rasa ZABARAUSKAITE CONTENTS 1) What’s a Market? 3 2) Types Of Markets 4 1. Financial Markets 4 1. Stock Market 4 2. Bond Market 4 3. Foreign Exchange Market 4 4. Predictive Markets 4 2. Physical markets 4 3. Virtual Markets 5 4. Auction Market 5 5. Market for Intermediate Goods 5 6. Black Markets 5 7. Knowledge Market 5 3. Organization Of Markets 5 4. Mechanisms of Markets 6 5. Study of Markets 7 6. Size Parameters 8 Sources 8 1) What’s a Market? A market is one of many varieties of systems, institutions, procedures, social relations and infrastructures whereby parties engage in exchange. While parties may exchange goods and services by barter, most markets rely on sellers offering their goods or services (including labor) in exchange for money from buyers. It can be said that a market is the process by which the prices of goods and services are established. For a market to be competitive, there must be more than a single buyer or seller. It has been suggested that two people may trade, but it takes at least three persons to have a market, so that there is competition on at least one of its two sides. However, competitive markets rely on much larger numbers of both buyers and sellers. A market with single seller and multiple buyers is a monopoly. A market with a single buyer...

Words: 2010 - Pages: 9

Free Essay

Business Environment

...types of organisations, EU rules and regulations policies of the market control. 1.1 Identify the purposes of different types of organisation. 1. Sole traders The sole trader is a common form of business ownership and is found in a wide range of activities such as painter, plumber, cleaner. Business has only one owner who responsible for all the expenses and legal requirements. Difficult to raise finance, also owner has unlimited liability. 2. Partnership Partnership is a business with at least two or more owners up to twenty. Partnerships are particularly common in professional services such as solicitors accountant. Owners enjoy limited liability, share their skills, and work allowing them to raise capital more quickly than individuals. 3.Private Limited Company (LTD) The Company is an artificial person made by law, offers limited liability. The major private limited company’s restrictions are about the shares and shareholders. Shares cannot be sold or transferred to the public. Shareholders enjoy priority against others in buying shares within the company. Example J. Whitaker & Sons Ltd 4 Co-operative The co-operative is a group of people working together, making decisions together to reach common goals. Co-operative aims is not only that to make more profit for shareholders, also to offer better value and quality. Cooperatives are dedicated to the values of openness, and social responsibility. 5. Franchising The person taking out the franchise...

Words: 3378 - Pages: 14

Premium Essay

Economic Review

...mechanisms * Traditional economy- you do what your parents do * ex: India in a way because of the caste system * Market economy- based on supply and demand, prices * Command economy- based on the government * Markets need homogenous goods, no barriers to entry or exit, perfect information and many buyers and sellers problem is that this is not the case, markets are not perfect List and describe the classification of economic systems based on forms of ownership * Capitalism- people privately own inputs (land, labor, capital) and will use them in their best interests more production more goods and services * Socialism- deals with ownership instead of allocation, distribution based on how much you work, etc., want to be more equal but isn’t efficient because government doesn’t work in same interest as private List and describe the classification of economic systems based on income redistribution and safety nets * Free markets * Maximum criterion- society equalizes everyone’s income, reciprocity- don’t know what will happen tomorrow * Pure communism- government distributes/allocates goods and services * Social safety nets (social market economies)- Germany-very large percent of income goes to taxes free healthcare with good quality * socialism- ownership of goods and services, communism—how goods and services are distributed List and describe the characteristics of perfectly competitive markets * homogenous goods *...

Words: 940 - Pages: 4

Premium Essay

Business Environment

...SHAHZAD MIRZA UKCBC PARK ROYAL LONDON ID: 12878-RB HND BUSINESS MANAGEMENT LECTURER: MR TAIWO OLAJUMOKE BATCH: 11 LEVEL: 4 BUSINESS ENVIROMENT | Introduction | 3 | 1.1 | Identify the purpose of organisations | 3-4 | 1.2 | Describe to which extent Iceland Supermarket Ltd meets objectives of its different stakeholders. | 5-6 | 1.3 | Explain various responsibilities of Iceland | 7 | 2.1 | Different economic systems | 8-9 | 2.2 | Fiscal and monetary policy | 10-12 | 2.3 | Competition policy and other regulatory mechanism | 13-14 | 3.1 | Market structures determine the pricing and output decisions | 15-21 | 3.2 | Which market forces shape Iceland Supermarket responses | 21-22 | 3.3 | How the business and cultural environments shape the behaviour of Iceland | 22-23 | 4.1 | Significance of international trade to Iceland Supermarket | 23 | 4.2 | Impact of global factors on Iceland Supermarket | 24 | 4.3 | Impact of policies of the European Union on Iceland Supermarket | 25 | | Conclusion | 26 | | References “ | 27 | CONTENTS “ Introduction of Business Environment Controlling the environment in which businesses are being operated is called business environment. There are two types of business environments, internal and external environment...

Words: 6611 - Pages: 27

Premium Essay

International Business Environment

...in other countries. For example Tesco, Ford, General Motor, McDonald, Disney, so many other companies. These companies have key interest to standardise their product for general acceptance. The international business becomes more complex. Tie between the different societies and organisations. (Meldrum, D.H) as businesses inter into new market it chances of 50% losses increases. Due to different in economic, political, cultural structure, policies, geography and currencies. These factor decreases profit ratio of international investment. There are no specific criteria to measure such in-stability. Every investor used their own method and measure. Uncertain condition of country make easy for international business to design their own stability criteria. (Considering risk in international business) Business has no idea about the local risk. It's difficult to operate and manage in such condition where the Culture, Social, Economic, Political, and legal structure are not stable. In such cause the international business need to take all the measurement either it`s Commercial, Culture, Social. Political or legal instability before enter into new market or country. 2. International business (McCulloch, C.1999)International business is started as with the formation of first national borders. Greek started such activity before the Christ follow by the British in 1600 when they establish the East India Company throughout the Asian as trading firm. With passage of...

Words: 3396 - Pages: 14

Free Essay

Business Environment

...EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Vietnam is a young country with the developing economy. To be a member of WTO (World Trade Organization), Vietnam can have many opportunities to develop more and more but it is also a challenge for this South East Asia country in the time changing from command economy to mixed economy. Established on 9th, April, 1995, through 15 years operating on home care products, personal care products and food, Unilever Vietnam has achieved a lot of success and be remarkable in Vietnam’s economy. Unilever Vietnam is evaluated as one of strongest foreign capital companies and has a huge contribution to Vietnam’s development and country’s economy. The important feature that guarantees its success is the close connection between the firm and Vietnam’s economy and the community. Furthermore, Unilever also has built and developed well relationships between medium and small internal enterprises even they are customers, suppliers or distributors. Over 15 years in Vietnam, Unilever is known as a firm not only brings the benefits to its own business but also contributing to the social’s development, especially with children and women by its meaningful activities. This project researches Unilever on this variety of aspect: * Identify the mission, values, and objectives and assess the influence of stakeholders of Unilever * Evaluate the extent to which Unilever achieves the objectives of three stakeholders * Identify the responsibilities of Unilever and strategies employed...

Words: 8850 - Pages: 36

Premium Essay

Sociology

...Exam 1) What is the difference of Caucasoid, Negroid, and Mongoloid? * Caucasoid (white/light skin color)-Nordic, Mediterranean, Dinaric, Alpine, Arabic, * Negroid (dark skin) -sub races Aborigines, Melanesians, Negritos, Papuans, Dravidians. * Mongoloid (yellowish skin) -sub races East Asian, North Asian and Native American. 2) What are the characteristics of capitalism and socialism? * (Capitalism)-Free-market capitalism, Corporate capitalism, Social-democratic or social market economy, State-lead capitalism: * (Socialism)- Market socialism, planned economy, Self-managed economies, State socialism or state-directed economies 3) What are the 4 characteristics of a Profession? * 1. professions provide a unique, definite, and essential social service * 2. there is an emphasis on intellectual skills, techniques * 3. there is a defined body of knowledge, skills beyond grasp of lay people * 4. practices are grounded in theory and research as well as tradition 4) What are the 5 causes of War? * Threats * Social Problems * Political * Moral * The absence of alternatives 5) New Information Technology changes people in 5 ways. * Computers are deskilling labor * Computers are making more abstract * Computers limit work place interactions * Computers increasing employers control of workers * Computers allow companies to relocate work 6) What are the 4 approaches to Peace? * Deterrence * High...

Words: 533 - Pages: 3

Premium Essay

Aaaaaa

...Global Business Today 6e by Charles W.L. Hill McGraw-Hill/Irwin Copyright © 2009 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 2 National Differences in Political Economy Introduction Question: What is the political economy of a country?  A country’s political economy refers to its political, economic, and legal systems  These systems are interdependent, and interact and influence each other  A country’s political system has major implications for the practice of international business 2-3 Political Systems A political system is the system of government in a nation Political systems can be assessed in terms of the degree to which they emphasize collectivism as opposed to individualism in terms of the degree to which they are democratic or totalitarian 2-4 Classroom Performance System The political, economic and legal systems of a country are called a) Political systems b) Economic systems c) Legal systems d) Political economy 2-5 Collectivism and Individualism Collectivism refers to a system that stresses the primacy of collective goals over individual goals Collectivism can be traced to the ancient Greek philosopher Plato Today, socialists support collectivism When collectivism is emphasized, the needs of the society as whole are generally viewed as being more important than individual freedoms 2-6 Collectivism and Individualism Socialism Modern socialists trace their roots to Karl Marx who advocated state...

Words: 3474 - Pages: 14