...Although Sarah was usually a rule follower, the peer pressure and the excitement of starting a new school and making new friends was a huge factor in her decision to break the rules she’d always adhered to. The fact that she was so excited to make new friends and wanted them to see her as someone they had things in common with was a major factor in her decision to break the rules she’d always followed. She wanted to fit in with the crowd, and following the rules of her curfew would’ve prevented that from happening. Her decision to break curfew and go to the party was influenced by this need to be accepted by her peers. Sarah displayed cognitive dissonance because she knew that she should be following the rules previously set by her parents to not break her curfew. She felt continuously worried about breaking these rules throughout the night, even though she made the decision to do so. Although during the night she gained memories and even a date with an older boy, she displayed discomfort throughout the time at the thought of breaking the rules. Even at the end of the night when she went home, she began evaluating herself and the night she spent with her friends to determine if the activities that happened were worth her decision to break the rules. She began to conform to her new peers’ beliefs toward the beginning of the night, when she was out with them and they asked her if she wanted to go to the party. Even though she had never broken the rules before, which displayed...
Words: 893 - Pages: 4
...Foundations of Psychology Jackie Bartlett Abstract Kowalski, R.,& Westen. D. (2005). Psychology (4th ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley This paper will examine basic concepts of human interaction from a psychology perspective. It will describe at least two examples of how human behavior changes based on social situations. The two behaviors that this paper will examine are teenagers who drink in a crowd of their peers but don't drink when they are alone and taking part in bullying in a group but not alone. In both of these scenarios the individual who participates in the behaviors to fit in are “changing their attitudes or behavior to accommodate the standards of peers or group by a process called conformity (Kowalski & Westen, 2005).” The paper will also discuss precursors and consequences of both of these behaviors. Next, the paper will analyze and identify any associated phenomenon like social facilitation, social loafing , or groupthink. Last, there will be some discussion from the NIMH on whether or not these behaviors necessitate intervention. Social Influences Paper Introduction “Sociologist and philosophers have recognized that people behave different in crowds than they do as individuals and that a crowd is more than the mere sum of its parts (Kowalski & Westen, 2005).” Human behavior changes based on the social situations they encounter. This paper will examine basic concepts of human interaction...
Words: 1389 - Pages: 6
...6 male and 27 female psychology students they participated to aid in writing their research paper. Participants read a fictional scenario and were then asked to determine a fine and answer four questions that judged fairness and justice. The hypothesis was that the ingroup would judge deviant ingroup members higher on a retributive justice scale and give them a higher fine. The results of this study showed that when it came to justice the ingroup rated deviant ingroup members lower then the outgroup but created a higher fine. Expectations of an Ingroup: interactions within ingroups and how they punish deviant members In society people are divided into two groups the ingroup and the outgroup both Social Identity Theory and the Black Sheep Effect deal with the idea of these two types of groups. Social Identity Theory is the expectation the ingroup offenders would be treated less harsh than outgroup offenders (Gollwitzer & Keller, 2010). While the Black Sheep Effect states that people see unlikable ingroup members more adversely than unlikeable outgroup members (van Prooijen & Lam, 2007). The theory that these two support is that ingroup members judge deviant ingroup members more harshly than they would outgroup members. Gollwitzer and Keller (2010) hypothesized that a repeat ingroup offender would be given a more harsh punishment than a first time ingroup offender or an outgroup offender and that a repeat ingroup offender would create more social concerns and anger or...
Words: 1929 - Pages: 8
...Social Psychology Paper Kelly Skiver PSY/201 February 23, 2014 Beth Pepmiller Social Psychology Paper 1. What factors contributed towards Sarah’s attitude regarding her curfew and how did these factors contribute? In the social psychology scenario a girl named Sarah goes out with new friends to a party and stays out past her curfew. There were many factors that contributed to Sarah’s attitude about her curfew. Her new friends had just invited her to go to a party. In the scenario it said that Sarah had never been to a party before, and that she also wanted her new friends to continue to invite her out places with them. All these factors contributed to Sarah breaking her curfew and going to the party with her new friends. 2. In what ways did Sarah display cognitive dissonance? Throughout the scenario Sarah’s actions displayed cognitive dissonance. The main example of this was her actually going to the party with her friends. She thought it over in the scenario and knew breaking her curfew was the wrong thing to do yet still went out to the party. 3. In what situations did Sarah conform to her peers’ beliefs, and how? What are some possible reasons that Sarah did this? There were many ways that Sarah conformed to her new friends beliefs. Staying out was the new friends idea. Going to the party is something she really wanted to do and her new friends made it seem really fun and important to do. At the end of the night she left with her friends also...
Words: 895 - Pages: 4
...SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY PSY/201 SCENARIO ASSIGNMENT PAPER. Social Psychology Paper ANGELA R. CARY PSY/201 October 03, 2013 Jennifer Baker Social Psychology Paper There were several factors that contributed to Sarah’s attitude in regards to her curfew. Some of these were motivation, compliance and conformity, Normative and Informational Social Influence. Other factors that affected Sarah’s behavior, action and thoughts may include persuasion and peer-pressure. Some of the ways that Sarah displayed cognitive dissonance were disobeying curfew, going to a party, and unnecessary worry. When Sarah decided to go to the party she displayed conformity in order to go along (comply) and fit in with a popular group from school. Sarah felt a need to be accepted by a new group because she was in a new social environment and wants to be accepted and popular in the group also. Sarah may have fears of meeting new people and being in a new environment therefore she conform to a large group of people which is a difficult task. Sarah is also experiencing “incongruous” emotions, actions and behaviors at this time which is not “normal” for her. Sarah begins to avoid her curfew time, and disobey the rules and guidelines her parents had set for her previously, by agreeing to go to the party and being late. She also decides that being accepted and popular by the new group has given her some self satisfaction and happy feelings as well as gained acceptance from...
Words: 941 - Pages: 4
...Construction of Positivity in Indian Scenario Construction of Positivity in Indian Scenario Construction of Positivity in Indian Scenario Construction of Positivity in Indian Scenario Construction of Positivity in Indian Scenario Construction of Positivity in Indian Scenario Construction of Positivity in Indian Scenario Construction of Positivity in Indian Scenario Construction of Positivity in Indian Scenario Construction of Positivity in Indian Scenario Construction of Positivity in Indian Scenario Construction of Positivity in Indian Scenario Dr. Jamal Akhtar*, Sarah Kazmi Rizvi** *Professor, Department Of Psychology, Govt. MLB Girls PG College (Autonomous), Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India ; email: jamal.akhtar28@gmail.com ** M.B.A., Delhi School of Economics, Delhi University, Delhi, India ; email: sarahkazmi90@gmail.com Abstract- Positivity refers to the degree to which something is positive or the quality or state of being positive. Positivity is that which accepts the world as it is, takes inspiration from it and sees the brighter side of it. Positive Psychology, a newly developed branch of Psychology, is an evolving branch of psychology developed by Martin Seligman and Mihaly Csikszenmihalyi in 1998. It was developed in order to get an insight and understanding in to various dimensions of the concept of positivity. The aim of this branch of psychology was summed up by its authors in the following words: “We believe that a psychology of positive human functioning will arise...
Words: 3285 - Pages: 14
...College of Social Sciences PSY/201 Version 4 Foundations of Psychology | |Copyright © 2013, 2012, 2010, 2009 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Course Description This course overviews the foundations of psychology as the field applies to everyday life. The physical and mental aspects of psychology are traced through lifespan development with emphasis on psychological health and wellness. Further study focuses on personality; thinking, learning and memory; motivation and emotions; and gender and sexuality. Based in various historical traditions, the course is set in the context of contemporary psychological principles. Policies Faculty and students will be held responsible for understanding and adhering to all policies contained within the following two documents: • University policies: You must be logged into the student website to view this document. • Instructor policies: This document is posted in the Course Materials forum. University policies are subject to change. Be sure to read the policies at the beginning of each class. Policies may be slightly different depending on the modality in which you attend class. If you have recently changed modalities, read the policies governing your current class modality. Course Materials Carter, K. & Seifert, C. (2013). Learn Psychology. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning. All electronic materials are available on the student website. |Week One: A Brief History of Psychology ...
Words: 2027 - Pages: 9
...Term Paper On Disciplines that Contribute to Organizational Behavior Prepared by – Shambhavi Reg. no. 1220759 Class: Ist MBA – V Date : 9th July, 2012 Abstract: This study covers different disciplines that affect the discipline of organizational behavior. Disciplines like psychology, sociology, anthropology, etc are self acclaimed disciplines that contribute to the study of organizational behavior and they determine how an individual would behave in a scenario. It also includes mention of a case study to determine corporate psychological defenses, which explains how organizations try to avoid charges even if it’s their fault. This term paper discusses how different attributes of organizational behavior are affected by disciplines of different nature. Key words: Interdisciplinary, Organizational Behavior, Psychology, Sociology, Social Psychology, Anthropology, Management, Political Science, Medicine. 1 Introduction: 1. Meaning & Definitions: Organizational Behavior is a systematic study of the actions and attitudes that people exhibit within organizations, according to P G Aquinas (2006). This study is basically concerned with the psychosocial, interpersonal, and behavioral dynamics in organizations. The term ‘Organizational behavior’ is defined by Stephen P Robbins as “a field of study that investigates the impact of individuals, groups and structures on behavior within organizations for the purpose of applying such knowledge towards improving on Organization’s...
Words: 2179 - Pages: 9
...Dual Relationship Mieisha Marshall, Alicia, Sara Cofield, and Candy Ladd Psych/545 November 17, 2014 Sharlie Hazen Introduction Making ethical decisions in the field of psychology can be very difficult especially when you are in the business of counseling. You have to worry about your client’s crossing that boundary while trying to escape a dual relationship. For instance, the scenario that was chosen by our group consist of a close friend of yours is having difficulty with her teenage daughter. She knows you are a psychologist who specialize in adolescents. She ask if you would be willing to help her daughter for a few sessions to straighten her out. You ask yourself, what should be done during this current situation. For one, the therapist and the client’s mother are friends. The client’s mother may be become too dependable on the therapist to fix the problem. In this paper, we will find the best approach for a dual relationship. Ethical issues involving dual relationships will be examined to clarify and analyze the relationship that the therapist and the client’s mom have. Therapist face many challenges in everyday life and in this paper, we will discuss challenges one may face in professional psychology. Concept of Dual Relationship When a therapist engages in more than one relationship with a client it is then classified as a dual or multiple relationship. If a therapist assumes a secondary role with a client like that of an employer, teacher, family member...
Words: 1525 - Pages: 7
...|[pic] |Syllabus | | |College of Social Sciences | | |PSY/322 Version 2 | | |Consumer Psychology and Research | Copyright © 2010, 2009, 2008 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Course Description This course focuses on consumer behavior and marketing research. Topics include the cognitive processes underlying consumer choice, descriptive consumer characteristics, and environmental consumer behavior. This course emphasizes the implications of consumer behavior on domestic and global marketing communications. Policies Faculty and students/learners will be held responsible for understanding and adhering to all policies contained within the following two documents: • University policies: You must be logged into the student website to view this document. • Instructor policies: This document is posted in the Course Materials forum. University policies are subject to change. Be sure to read the policies at the beginning of each class. Policies may be slightly different...
Words: 1533 - Pages: 7
...Developments – Application of Theory Introduction In this paper I will look at a scenario of a certain stage in a person’s life and relate in my opinion the best development Theory that explains what stage of development the subject is revealing and how this stage reflects this person’s life situation. This scenario is about a woman considered to be in the start of the middle age or prime of life. She graduated college to work in marketing. She patiently waited to marry her college love while he finished school. Settled in to a marriage where her husband was not ready for a family or children. She waited for her husband to settle down but the amount of time stressed the marriage till it ended in divorce. Now she finds herself at 43 no marriage, lonely, no children to raise and teach, and growing weary in a career she has lost interest in. Her sense of responsibility has her taking care of elderly mom even though they have never got along. At this point in her life she knows she needs to make changes but unsure of the direction she wants to go. She starts thinking of things that might change her situation but nothing feels right. Dating at her age seems awkward. Going back to school could be an option but not sure of anything she might be interested in. Not accomplishing what most other people have by this point in her life leaves her feeling of total failure. Theory The best theory analysis that fits our scenario lies in the Young Adulthood, Middle Age, and Old Age stages...
Words: 1013 - Pages: 5
...irrationality, researchers have turned to experimental evidence complied by cognitive psychologists on the biases that arise when people form beliefs, and on the people’s preferences, given their beliefs or on how they make decisions, Thaler and Barberis (2002). In this paper, we will concentrate on the extensive literature on the Limits to Arbitrage and explain how the theory was conceived, how it evolved over time and apply a scenario to better explain the research. Limits to Arbitrage Understanding arbitrage opportunities is not the only ingredient needed to make sharp predictions. The level of irrationality need to be specified by behavior finance researchers.This is related to how they deviate from the Subjective Expected Utility theory. In order to specify the type of irrationality, researchers have turned to experimental evidence complied by cognitive psychologists on the biases that arise when people form beliefs, and on the people’s preferences, given their beliefs or on how they make decisions, Thaler and Barberis (2002). In this paper, we will concentrate on the extensive literature on the Limits to Arbitrage and explain how the theory was conceived, how it evolved over time and apply a scenario to better explain the research. Section one Theory In order to examine the limits of arbitrage one must define...
Words: 1573 - Pages: 7
...Fawn’s Psychology Paper: Introducing Psychology to Young Adults in Schools; A Comprehensive Study. The word psychology resides in the etymological crevice entitled “study of the soul” a field of knowledge that adopts the ever-evolving, broad body of academic and applicative precision in regards to the ‘science of mind’. Psychology ascended from a mixture of philosophy and biology, now thriving under the vast discipline it is today. Ever wondered why bullies choose to inflict pain upon others? Ever wondered why you’re not as happy as the boy with the higher income? Ever wondered why cliques neglect each other usually, then unify when a tragic event occurs? These emotional, hierarchical or social questions along with everything you do, think and feel are all factors under the psychological microscope. Psychology hides behind the curtain of Human Resources in Industrial-Organizational psychology at almost any business or corporation you might strive to work at, and criminal profilers who earned their degrees in Forensic Psychology are able to deduce a criminal’s next move by integral accumulated psychological understandings about the criminal- psychology is the foundation of personal, social and clerical understanding. The following paragraphs demonstrate the value psychology and how it affects us. Personality: Psychologists have corroborated in a myriad of personality theories and traits that the vast permutations create a distinction between every individual on the planet...
Words: 2526 - Pages: 11
...|[pic] |Course Syllabus | | |Axia College/College of Social Sciences | | |PSY/220 Version 3 | | |Positive Psychology | Copyright © 2009. 2007 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Course Description How much control does a person have over his or her thoughts, feelings, and behaviors? What does it mean to be “free?” PSY/220 offers students a contemporary and relevant approach to the study of psychology and the opportunity to learn more about themselves in the process. In this course, students evaluate, understand, and build on their psychological strengths and those of others. Policies Faculty and students/learners will be held responsible for understanding and adhering to all policies contained within the following two documents: • University policies: You must be logged into the student website to view this document. • Instructor policies: This document is posted in the Course Materials forum. University policies are subject to change. Be sure to read the policies at...
Words: 2636 - Pages: 11
... |College of Social Sciences | | |BEH/225 Version 4 | | |Introduction to Behavioral Science | Copyright © 2011, 2009, 2007, 2006 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Course Description This course focuses on human personality, motivation, learning, and cognition. The theories and insights of major figures in psychology are discussed. Neuroscience, psychological disorders, and therapies are also considered in relation to human behavior. Policies Faculty and students/learners will be held responsible for understanding and adhering to all policies contained within the following two documents: • University policies: You must be logged into the student website to view this document. • Instructor policies: This document is posted in the Course Materials forum. University policies are subject to change. Be sure to read the policies at the beginning of each class. Policies may be slightly different depending on the modality in which you attend class. If you have recently changed modalities, read the policies governing your current class modality. Course Materials Morris, C. G., & Maisto, A. A. (2010). Understanding psychology (9th ed). Upper Saddle...
Words: 3655 - Pages: 15
