...Socialization is the process by which human beings acquire knowledge, language, social skills and values to conform to the norms and roles required for integration into a group or community from their social environment. The social environment is defined as the environment developed by human beings as contrasted with the natural environment. It presents the part where nature turns to nurture in the society that human beings live. It instills the values, beliefs, actions, habits, personality and skills necessary for the human beings to play a role in society. Heredity contributes only a small portion to how a human being turns out. A human beings DNA is what determines the physical attributes of a human being, but society makes him/her human. When a baby is born, it has no idea of self. The baby does not know if it is a boy or a girl, the color of its skin, how to walk, talk or eat. It must be taught who it is and how to do these things in early childhood. This is most critical and intense phase in the socialization process. Parents/caregivers, the primary source of this teaching, provide the foundation for morals, values, language symbols, what is good and bad, religion and what is or not acceptable in our society. They are the first to teach the baby what culture they are born into and what roles they will play in this life. In our culture, boys are taught to be rough and tumble. It is ok for them to get dirty and play outside. We give them trucks, construction...
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...Quick Review Primary Socialization •Socialization is the process whereby we learn to become competent members of a group. Primary socialization is the learning we experience from the people who raise us. •Researchers have many theories about the developmental stages that children experience. •Freud theorized that the development of the id, ego, and superego occurs over time and that the three must be in balance. •Mead developed a theory which posited that “self” is a product of social experience. •Cooley developed the notion of the looking-glass self. •Piaget posited four stages of cognitive development: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational. •Kohlberg developed a theory of moral development with three levels: preconventional, conventional, and postconventional. •Agents of socialization are people, groups, and experiences that influence behavior and self-image. They include family, school, peer groups, and the mass media. •Isolated or institutionalized children may not experience primary socialization and can suffer many social and psychological defects as a result. Resocialization •Primary socialization occurs in childhood. Resocialization, the learning of new norms and values, occurs later in life, when life circumstances change or when people join a new group. •The workplace is an agent of resocialization. •Total institutions are environments in which people are isolated from mainstream society and expected to adhere to rigid...
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...Chapter 1: Expanding abroad Voorbeeld MNE: Intel, Unilever, Samsung, McKinsey Starbucks Vb. blz. 3 toont aan dat de invloed van MNE op de wereldeconomie gigantisch is. MNE stellen enorm veel mensen te werk en volgen vaak een zeer complexe strategie. 1. The MNE: Definition, Scope and Influence Wat is een MNE – multinational ( multinationaal management) Niet alle MNE zijn groot, maar de meeste grote bedrijven in de wereld zijn MNE. zijn Men is alleen een MNE als men aan deze voorwaarden voldoet: 1. Directe investeringen doen in het buitenland. MNE doet niet alleen aan export, maar is ook écht aanwezig in het buitenland. Ze voeren er directe investeringen in door vb. te produceren in het buitenland. 2. Actief met de investering bezig zijn (vb. aanwezig zijn in de RvB) 3. Geïntegreerde operaties (geen losse filliaaltjes) Dit betekent ook dat de operationele omgeving sterk verandert, de complexiteit stijgt. ekent omgeving Veel verschillende consumenten, distributiesystemen, … Ook de politieke agenda van de landen waarin we investeren speelt een belangrijke rol. Global game: men speelt wereldwijd waardoor alles complex wordt. Binnen de EU spelen de wisselkoersen geen rol meer maar daarbuiten wel, dit kan een belangrijke invloed hebben op vb. de winst. Ook organisatorisch is de omgeving complex. De meeste MNE zijn vrij recent (na WO II) uitgegroeid tot internationale spelers. In totaal zijn er wereldwijd zo’n 70 000 bedrijven van dit type. De toegevoegde waarde van grote...
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