...of the role of education (20 marks) There are multiple views in society of the education system. The first view is functionalist – they believe that the education system is positive. The second view is Marxism – they believe that education in negative. The final perspective is feminism and they believe that again education is a negative thing. Functionalists such as Durkheim believe that the education system is positive because it gives us a shared sense of belonging, he also believes that due to history in education we are all bonded together because we all share the same past. Moreover, he also said that education gives us social solidarity because we’re all functioning together in society due to education giving us specialised skills for the workforce and later life. Additionally, functionalists such as Parsons believe that education is vital because it’s a bridge from the family to society. He also believes that there is equality of opportunity in society and in education this means there is a meritocracy and social mobility. Moreover, he said that education encourages individual achievement and this achievement is measured by role allocation and setting. This means that those who do well in school (those in the top sets) will be pushed to go for the highest jobs. He also said that education develops a value consensus in society this means that society has a shared set of norms and values. Davis and Moore examined role allocation. They believe that education selects talented...
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...(3)Discuss as to what a social problem is and the different approaches to studying social problems? Social problem means that problems which occurred in society. It may affect or damage the society. When individual or a group of people violate the norms and values found in society it becomes a social problem. Also we can find out it as a condition that at least some people in a community view as being undesirable. In early days sociologist thought behaviors of the bad people create the social problems. They thought lack of education, incomplete socialization, and mental disorders made people bad. They identify mainly murder and suicide as social problem. There are 2 sociological definitions for social problems; - A social problem is created by here being a gap between the objectives of society and the actual condition prevailing in that society - A social problem is a situation in society that a majority of people living in that society consider to be a problem Different societies have different social problems. Sometimes, a behavior which normal in one society may be a significant social problem in another society. Now think everyone believe murders, suicides are social problems. In other hand school gang sing in the back seat of the bus may be consider as an undesirable social condition by some other people. But that school gang never considers it as an undesirable act. Taking alcohol in Galle face, non drinkers consider it...
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...welfare and protection of the individuals and groups with whom sociologist work. You must have a personal commitment to a lifelong effort to act ethnical. Sociologist must strive to keep the highest level of competence in their work then they should be in their work. They should also be able to understand their limitations of their expertise. That they should also only take on tasks that they are qualified...
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...During the 19th century women were expected to follow the strict sex roles and become a wife as well as a mother, so many did not pursue any education higher than basic reading, writing, and math. According to Henslin (2017), women in the 1800s were to follow the 4 the four-c’s church, cooking, children, and clothes. Only a select few were given the chance at a higher education, most of those few were male. The amount of highly educated females was scarce, but some of them went on to be great sociologists. Early female sociologist tried to use their knowledge for social reform, because of this they were unrecognized and rejected. In the early days of sociology, a debate arouse around how sociology should be used. Women in the fields believed...
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...meant by the ‘correspondence principle’. (2 marks) By ‘correspondence principle’ sociologists, Bowles and Gintis, mean the close similarity between the social relationship in the classroom and the workplace. This correspondence (similarity) is important as it prepares the new generation to accept their roles in a capitalist society. 02: Suggest three criticisms that other sociologists may make of the functionalist view on education system. (6 marks) The first criticism by other sociologists would be by Melvin Tumin (1953), who criticises Davis and Moore for their role allocation theory. He says that this argument is seen to be circular, as we know which job is important by which one is more highly rewarded and the highly rewarded jobs are more important. Therefore, how do we really know which jobs are important and which aren’t, as bin collecting jobs are not seen to be important however they earned £24,000 and £26,000 and are seen to get bonuses up to £4, 000 but their job isn’t seen to be important in society or doesn’t require such skill. So how do we really know which jobs are important in society? The second criticism against Davis and Moore is that the New Right argues that the state education system fails to prepare young people adequately for work, so it is highly unlikely that the individual will get to the job they are best suited for. This is because the state control of education discourages efficiency, competition and choice, as schools are unresponsive to the...
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...American Sociological Association Code of Ethics and Policies and Procedures of the ASA Committee on Professional Ethics 29 Copyright @ 1999 by the American Sociological Association All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Individual copies available at no charge. Multiple and bulk copies of this publication may be ordered by prepaid request ($.50 per copy). To order this publication or for information on this or other ASA publications, contact: American Sociological Association 1307 New York Avenue NW, Suite 700 Washington, DC 20005-4701 (202) 383-9005 x389 (202) 638-0882 fax publications@asanet.org www.asanet.org 30 Code of Ethics American Sociological Association (Approved by the ASA Membership in June 1997) INTRODUCTION PREAMBLE GENERAL PRINCIPLES Principle A: Principle B: Principle C: Principle D: Principle E: Professional Competence Integrity Professional and Scientific Responsibility Respect for People's Rights, Dignity, and Diversity Social Responsibility ETHICAL STANDARDS 1. Professional and Scientific Standards 2. Competence 3. Representation and Misuse of Expertise 4. Delegation and Supervision 5. Nondiscrimination 6. Non-exploitation 7. Harassment 8. Employment Decisions 8.01 Fair Employment Practices 8.02 Responsibilities...
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...achievement according to various sociologist. These factors consist of Cultural deprivation, cultural capital and material deprivation. Students from working class backgrounds often experience economic problems (poverty) more so than any other class; this is linked to material deprivation which these pupils are exposed to throughout their time. Being in poverty could entail the students not having enough money to buy all the essential equipment that they will need for educational attainment, supported by sociologist - Bull. This is closely linked to educational under achievement for example in 2006 33% of children on pupil premium (free school meals) achieved 5 A* to C grades in comparison to 61% not on pupil premium. However, statistics cannot prove that material deprivation is the cause of under achievement as the government doesn’t always collect statistics that is supporting the claim 100%, therefore the claim cannot generalise. To support this claim sociologist Flaherty also states that having money problems in the family were a significant factor in younger children’s low attendance at school, which links to under achievements at school. The idea that children from working class backgrounds is also supported by sociologist Howard. Her claim is that children from poorer homes tend to have lower intakes of energy, vitamins and minerals. This will ten result in absences from school which is proven to have a big impact on education achievement. In addition to this...
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...Why Study Sociology? What is sociology? Sociology is the scientific study of human social relationships and structures. Like biologists and other natural scientists, sociologists work by sets of rules through which they evaluate the arguments and evidence generated by empirical research. This doesn't mean sociological work is either narrow or lacking in practical significance. Our techniques range from computer simulation through survey research to participant observation of urban street corner life. Styles among sociologists vary from the scientific to the humanistic, from the applied to the theoretical. Sociology involves the observation and explanation of human behavior in a wide variety of areas. In addition to the specialties of social psychology, political sociology, and mathematical sociology, which have obvious ties to other social sciences, sociologists study such things as race relations, social stratification, the family, the community, ethnic minorities, sex roles, drugs, crime, population, leisure, sport, aging, mass media, developing nations, organizational structure, communication in small groups and in dyads. Is sociology for you? If you are actively concerned about the world you live in and want to do something constructive and useful in it - whether in law, business, education, medicine, urban or rural planning, etc. sociology provides our best means for understanding how "the system" works. Whether you want to change society radically, modify it, preserve...
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...General Certificate of Education Advanced Subsidiary Examination January 2012 Sociology Unit 2 Friday 20 January 2012 For this paper you must have: an AQA 12-page answer book. SCLY2 9.00 am to 11.00 am Time allowed 2 hours Instructions Use black ink or black ball-point pen. Write the information required on the front of your answer book. The Examining Body for this paper is AQA. The Paper Reference is SCLY2. This paper is divided into two sections. Choose one section and answer all the questions in that section. Do not answer questions from more than one section. Do all rough work in your answer book. Cross through any work you do not want to be marked. Information The marks for questions are shown in brackets. The maximum mark for this paper is 90. Questions carrying 12 marks or more should be answered in continuous prose. In these questions you will be marked on your ability to: – use good English – organise information clearly – use specialist vocabulary where appropriate. GJ74914/Jan12/SCLY2 6/6/6 SCLY2 2 Choose either Section A or Section B and answer all the questions in that section. Section A: Education with Research Methods You are advised to spend approximately 50 minutes on questions 0 1 0 6 to 0 4 . 9 . You are advised to spend approximately 30 minutes on question You are advised to spend approximately 40 minutes on questions 0 5 . to 0 Total for this section: 90 marks Education Read Item A below and answer questions...
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...General Certificate of Education Advanced Subsidiary Examination January 2012 Sociology Unit 2 Friday 20 January 2012 For this paper you must have: an AQA 12-page answer book. SCLY2 9.00 am to 11.00 am Time allowed 2 hours Instructions Use black ink or black ball-point pen. Write the information required on the front of your answer book. The Examining Body for this paper is AQA. The Paper Reference is SCLY2. This paper is divided into two sections. Choose one section and answer all the questions in that section. Do not answer questions from more than one section. Do all rough work in your answer book. Cross through any work you do not want to be marked. Information The marks for questions are shown in brackets. The maximum mark for this paper is 90. Questions carrying 12 marks or more should be answered in continuous prose. In these questions you will be marked on your ability to: – use good English – organise information clearly – use specialist vocabulary where appropriate. GJ74914/Jan12/SCLY2 6/6/6 SCLY2 2 Choose either Section A or Section B and answer all the questions in that section. Section A: Education with Research Methods You are advised to spend approximately 50 minutes on questions 0 1 0 6 to 0 4 . 9 . You are advised to spend approximately 30 minutes on question You are advised to spend approximately 40 minutes on questions 0 5 . to 0 Total for this section: 90 marks Education Read Item A below and answer questions...
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...deprivation. Material deprivation refers to poverty and lack of the material necessities such as housing, diet and health and income and how it effects education. Poor housing such as houses that are very cramped and small in size seem to have an effect on students as it means that they will not have enough space to complete their work, especially if those families consist of big families. Also families that move around houses a lot, especially if the house is cold and damp, can be exposed to illness and if a child is ill it means that they would be taking more days off school effecting their achievement in education. Some parents of working class children do shift work which can also be a problem for children in education as it means parents will not have enough time to cook nutritious meals, something essential for the health of young children in education and the effect of this would be illness or the child will become constantly fatigue causing them to lose concentration in lessons. It is often grouped according to Flaherty, that unemployment is three times higher for African and Bangladeshi/ Pakistani people than whites. This is due to inequalities in the races and can often result to students having free school meals as their parents don’t work, and then may create a social divide in terms of social classes in education. There are other factors in a child’s home that lead to differences in achievement between ethnic groups, one being cultural deprivation. Cultural deprivation...
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...or prostitutes. According to Worsley (1977) a social problem is some piece of social behaviour that calls for collective action to solve it. In turn, policies help tackle social problems e.g. increasing payment for foster/ adoptive careers to reduce vulnerable children getting involved with crime. The founding fathers of sociology believed that sociology had a central part to play in society – in reforming social institutions, solving social problems and improving human condition. Comte (1798-1857) saw sociology as a practical subject, not confined solely to universities, but being applied to wider society to gain social progress. Emile Durkheim believed sociology contributing to social policy can solve question of order in society. Sociologists such as Giddens place a great emphasis on the practicality of studying sociology. The most significant outcome of sociology is that it allows us to understand the world around us, providing us with knowledge and insights. This understanding can take the form of factual knowledge which provides us with facts which allow us to form a judgement, or develop a theory. It also provides us with theoretical knowledge which provides us with an explanation why something is happening. He feels that it is important to study and understand social situations. These social situations could involve analysing social problems such as poverty. An example of this is the issue of poverty in...
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...the survival for the fittest. People scrambled for limited resources that were available. As a result, the weakest members of the society were disadvantaged and faced with the threat of extinction (Furfey, 2005). People later recognized the importance of putting the social chaos to a stop and signing social contracts that would enable members of the community to co-exist peacefully. Members of the society transferred their rights to some few individuals who were bestowed with the duty of leading the society. This era paved way for the formation of various democratic societies, and increased interest in social studies by various sociologists (Coady, 2005). One such sociologist is Mary Wollstonecraft, whose sociological work largely transformed subsequent studies, formation, ideologies and inclinations of the society towards women, education and human rights (Browning et al, 1999). This essay is going to critically evaluate the works of Mary Wollstonecraft as well as a critical analysis of the socialist contribution to the sturdy of the society. The essay will also evaluate the impacts of the sociologist’s ideas on current sociological studies regarding the society. Discussion Background information Mary Wollstonecraft was born on 27th April 1759 and died on 10th September 1797. She was considered a prolific writer, a staunch advocate for women rights and a philosopher. Mary has...
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...General Certificate of Education Advanced Subsidiary Examination June 2013 Sociology Unit 2 Tuesday 21 May 2013 9.00 am to 11.00 am SCLY2 For this paper you must have: an AQA 12-page answer book. Time allowed 2 hours Instructions Use black ink or black ball-point pen. Write the information required on the front of your answer book. The Examining Body for this paper is AQA. The Paper Reference is SCLY2. This paper is divided into two sections. Choose one section and answer all the questions in that section. Do not answer questions from more than one section. Do all rough work in your answer book. Cross through any work you do not want to be marked. Information The marks for questions are shown in brackets. The maximum mark for this paper is 90. Questions carrying 12 marks or more should be answered in continuous prose. In these questions you will be marked on your ability to: – use good English – organise information clearly – use specialist vocabulary where appropriate. A G/K92851/Jun13/SCLY2 6/6 SCLY2 2 Choose either Section A or Section B and answer all the questions in that section. Section A: Education with Research Methods You are advised to spend approximately 50 minutes on questions 0 1 0 6 to 0 4 . 9 . You are advised to spend approximately 30 minutes on question You are advised to spend approximately 40 minutes on questions 0 5 . to 0 Total for this section: 90 marks Education Read Item A below and answer questions...
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...society. Sociologist use three primary theoretical framework to explain different aspects of social interactions in relationship to society. There are functionalist theory, conflict theory and symbolic interactionism theory. Each theories provide broad perspectives that help explain different aspects of social life. Functionalism is one of the major theoretical perspectives in sociology. It has its origins in the works of Emile Durkheim. Functionalism emphasizes each part of society is functional for the stability of the whole society. It views society as a living organism in which each part contributes to its survival. The various parts of society work together to keep the entire society functioning and regulated. Durkheim explain that stability and internal structure of societies are necessary to balance and ensure a society existence over time. Functionalism states that systems exist in society for good reasons. Functionalism is consider as the oldest of the main theories of sociology. With the rapid development of societies and social changes occurring over time, there are criticisms of the theory. Modern societies are more complex in comparison to older societies. Older societies were held together because most people performed similar tasks and shared values, language, and symbols. Many sociologists see that its neglect the negative implications of social order and neglecting the negative functions of an event such as divorce. Other sociologists critic...
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