...the screws that were provided and TADA, you have taken the first step in building your own computer! Congratulations! Step 2: The Motherboard Adding the processor (CPU) The CPU is considered the “brains” of the computer. This little piece of metal and silicon is involved in 100% of your daily computing activities whether it’s something as simple as clicking your mouse or something as complex as editing the video you just took of a recent vacation. Because of its importance, you should handle this piece with EXTREME care. Once you have located your CPU socket, the area that will house your CPU, you are ready to mount the CPU to the motherboard. Unpackage your CPU and any other parts that came with it (likely a heat sink and maybe some thermal compound). Typically, new CPUs will come with a heat sink and thermal compound applied to it already but if not, you WILL need to apply thermal compound to it. Processors can easily reach 100 degrees Celsius otherwise known as the boiling point for liquids…not a good thing! Properly cooled CPUs should run anywhere between 20 and 60 degrees Celsius depending on its activity and depending on the type of processor. Here we’ll need to pay extra special attention to how to actually insert the CPU into the CPU socket as it ONLY GOES IN ONE WAY! If you click on the above (or below) image you will get a much larger version of it. Once enlarged, look very closely at the...
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...came up this definition; a backbone is a means of connecting two or more LANs. It provides a transmission channel for packets being transmitted from one LAN to another. After connection to a backbone, a LAN may remain distinct or be merged with another. Backbone networks can be applied to a single building environment as well as to campus environments, where the backbone is used to connect LANs in different buildings. Parallel backbone: I think parallel back is the best worth it for any company. The additional cost of setting up a parallel backbone can be well worth the money. The design of this type of backbone consists of using two cables routed between the routers and switches. While there are additional initial costs of installing a parallel backbone, the benefits can quickly outweigh these costs. However if company wants to save some money, they can use distribute network. It consists of a number of connectivity devices connected to a series of central connectivity devices, such as hubs, switches, or routers, in a hierarchy. This kind of topology allows for simple expansion and limited capital outlay for growth, because more layers of devices can be added to existing layers The enterprise network is challenging because it rapidly changing as new applications and architectures, including Linux, computing clusters, voice over IP applications, become central to the business. Moreover, work flow enhancements and collaboration tools are making it easier for employees to...
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...accurately to reduce potential inspection and maintenance costs. The diagnostic should also have a low rate of false detection. Complicating this quest is the nature of complex wiring systems. For example, aircraft wiring systems are comprised of harnesses containing periodically bound single wire pairs* which create highly non-uniform impedance characteristics due to the varying distance between wire pairs. Insulation defects may also be physically small, resulting in an immeasurable change in the impedance at the defect site. These characteristics tend to render impedance measuring or conventional time-domain-reflectometry (TDR)† concepts ineffective. Other approaches such as partial discharge or DC breakdown techniques may detect some types of insulation defects, but cannot locate them in complex impedance wiring systems (Figure 1). PULSE ARRESTED...
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...Horvetec issues in manufacturing/operations Horvetec plc is a publish company which has been doing well recently as a result of good teamwork and managing. However, there are still some issues which cause problems for the company and can be either fixed or improved. In this case, we will focus on the issues in manufacturing/operations. Firstly, assembling a wiring loom can be considered as one of the biggest problem in manufacturing of a helicopter. It takes a lot of time as well as cost in this process as it is a very complicated task with a high risk of errors. Secondly, only well-trained/high skilled employees can work in assembling a wiring loom which leads to a lack of technicians. Both of these issues can be improved by applying a new manufacturing method which allow more unskill employees to work together with the well-trained technicians. This would allow the the process of assembling a wiring loom takes less time and more technicians can be trained through this method without affecting the final product’s quality. Thirdly, 1,200 and 2,000 electrical cables are not colour coded which can be very confusing for the technicians. The company should add colour coded in the operating system to make it more effiecincy Another fuction which is currently causing problem for the manufacturing/operations stage is human resources. Most of the technicians only came from the Royal Navy or the Army Engineering Corps which would limit the number of techinicians which would cause...
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...cabling, such as a 100base-TX Ethernet, or digital voice. Unshielded Twisted-Pair – (UTP) a pair of copper wires twisted together with no electromagnetic shielding around them. Each wire pair is twisted many times per foot to cancel out electrical signal. Shielded Twisted-Pair – A type of twisted pair cable in which the pairs are enclosed in an outer braided shield, although individual pairs may also be shielded. Fiber-Optic Cable - An optical fiber cable is a cable containing one or more optical fibers. The optical fiber elements are typically individually coated with plastic layers and contained in a protective tube suitable for the environment where the cable will be deployed. Optical fiber consists of a core and a cladding layer, selected for total internal reflection due to the difference in the refractive index between the two Dark Fiber – Dark fiber refers to unused fiber-optic cable. Often times’ companies lay more lines than what’s needed in order to curb costs of having to do it again and again. The dark strands can be leased to individuals or other companies who want to establish optical connections among their own locations. Coaxial Cable - is a type of cable for high bandwidth data transmission use that typically consists of a single copper wire that is surrounded by a layer of insulation and then by a grounded shield of braided wire or an extruded metal tube. The whole thing is usually wrapped in another layer of insulation and, finally, in an outer protective...
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...Unit 4 Assignment 1 Copper vs. Fiber Pape The two most common and widely used cabling types today for the means of communication all over the world are copper and fiber. They both do the same thing, transmit information from point A to point B but both have their strengths and weaknesses and therefore, a person installing cabling may be reluctant to choose one over the other. Copper cabling is less expensive to install. Copper wiring is flexible when installing so incase a technician has to bend it around a wall or at a certain angle to reach it to an end point, the cable can handle it. Also equipment to support copper wiring is relatively inexpensive to run. The weaknesses to copper wiring would be that it is susceptible to electromagnetic inference (EMI) from outside forces and also has a higher rate of corrosion over time by oxidation. Fiber optic cabling is a more expensive option for communications. Fiber optic cabling is immune to EMI and other noise interferences and therefore the chance of signal loss is greatly reduced. One drawback on this type of cabling is that just like its copper; fiber optic cabling is very durable and tough making it harder to work with when it comes to installing it. A technician will have to be very well trained in handling it to get the most out of it for the customer. But fiber optic cabling has a much higher bandwidth over copper so it can handle much more traffic as well as at higher speeds than copper wiring. In the real world, one...
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...small or less complicated * Build a cabling system that can do voice and data * Installing more cable will benefit in the long run, along with extra outlets * Higher quality cabling and cabling components matters a lot for long term use * Plan for higher speed technologies that may be coming out in the near future * Document all installation that is happening in case you have to go for notes later The importance of Reliable Cabling * Data cabling is less than ten percent of the network infrastructure * The lifespan of cabling can last up to sixteen years * Nearly seventy percent of network problems occur because of poor cabling techniques * Poor cabling can cause the network to run at a much slower speed, not meeting the minimum requirements for a proper install. Twisted Pair Wiring * The most economically and widely installed cabling today is twisted pair wiring. * Unshielded twisted-pair (UTP) has been used for many years for telephone systems * A typical UTP cable is covered by an insulation material with good dielectric properties; being electrically nonconductive, it must also have certain properties that allow good signal propagation. * Shielded twist-pair (STP) * Classified as data cabling made popular by IBM. * Some cabling uses a woven copper shield wrapped in a foil shield. * STP cable is 22 AWG and has a nominal impedance of 150 ohms * The shield must be electrically continuous...
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...1. Horizontal cable-A type of inside cable designed for horizontal use in non-plenum areas. While horizontal cable must be fire retardant, the National Electrical Code (NEC) specifications are not as demanding as those governing the use of plenum cable or riser cable. 2. Backbone cable- the inter-building and intra-building cable connections in structured cabling between entrance facilities, equipment rooms and telecommunications closets. Backbone cabling consists of the transmission media, main and intermediate cross-connects and terminations at these locations. 3. Patch cords-an electrical or optical cable used to connect ("patch-in") one electronic or optical device to another for signal routing. 4. Connectors- a device for keeping 2 electrical circuits in contact. 5. Conduit- a tube or trough for protecting electric wire 6. Racks- a device to hold and manage how your servers are setup 7. Punch-down blocks-is a type of electrical connection often used in telephony. 8. Consolidation points- a central point for connecting equipment in an open-office multiuser environment. 9. Crimpers-a device to press two metal pieces together and the pressure makes them stay in place. 10. Fish Tape- tool used by electricians to route new wiring through walls and electrical conduit 11. Cable toner- an electronic device used to verify the electrical connections in a cable or other wired assembly. 12. Catergory 5e/6 cable- an electronic device used to...
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...Review 4.1 It allows the ability to wire the cables however you would like without having to create a crossover. so that the cabling can have a strong signal. If you put it at the end it will have send a weaker signal than by putting it a little closer, inevitably giving you less packet and data loss. It cuts down the bandwidth and speed of the connections the more you add. Review 4.2 the bend radius is the amount a fiber optic cable that can be bent without worry of breakage. The current recommendation is to have the bend radius no smaller than 20 times the cable diameter. Some cables will have a fiberglass rod for stability, a larger jacket around each cable, Kevlar is sometimes used, and tight buffer coating. Review 4.3 Legacy equipment such as current home scenarios require UTP. But if you are going far distances than fiber is most definantly the way to go. I would have the audio/video put onto one wireless ap and then a second for the remaining computers in the office. If it is a small business I would have 2 wireless AP setup at either end of the building as well. Review 4.4 the divide and conquer has you test each layer of the osi model and then decide where the trouble is coming from and than work up/down from there. Most times it is the hardware or software that is breaking connection or needs setup rather than a cable issue. Though if you have a high traffic area there are times that cables could become...
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...Three factors that need to be considered in a cable installation are fire protection, possibility of water damage and protecting from EMI. Fire protection is very important so that if the building were to catch on fire the coating on the cables would not melt or at least not melt as fast. It is also smart to know where fire extinguishers are in order to possibly prevent the fire from spreading if it is not too large. It is important to consider the possibility of water damage because you do not want your servers and equipment ruined by some water that never should have touched it. In this case it is a good idea to know where water pipes run in the building so that you do not risk placing a network closet underneath a bathroom. Or right night to a bathroom for that matter. The possibility of flooding and ruining server equipment, firewall equipment, and cables by a bursting pipe or overflowing flood is just not worth it. You also want to make sure there are sprinklers but maybe not directly over your servers so that there is a possibility of saving them should they be set off for any reason. Protecting from EMI is very important so that you do not have any breaks in signal or weakened signal experiences. Making sure that your cables run perpendicular to power cables is one way to prevent EMI interference. Another way to prevent EMI is to make sure that you have shielded twisted pair cables instead of unshielded twisted pair cables. There are many things to take into consideration...
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...inventory holding costs. Siti Aminah, the Chief of Financial Officer was asked to review the current purchasing system and suggested the need to implement a new computerized purchasing system that would help relieve some of its manual operations and at the same time would ensure it has the proper controls in place. En Ghani requested a formal report on current purchasing system and suggestion for a new system before the next management meeting which would be in two weeks time. En Ghani assigned Siti Aminah on the special task instead of the senior Chief Production Officer and she did not have any experience in system and technology. The new system must be able to reduce costs, enhance control and provide easy management of users and services in qualitative and quantitative ways. CHARACTERS En Ghani : as the new appointed Managing Director of Penda Cable Industry Berhad, who reviewed past year Financial Report and asked for formal report from Siti Aminah. Siti Aminah : the Chief of Financial Officer that being asked to make formal report instead of the Senior Chief of Financial Officer. CURRENT PURCHASING SYSTEM IN PCI Purpose : to ensure the purchase of raw material (exclude external Aluminium cable scap) that was required for the manufacturing of cable, conductors and associated products. 1) Monthly Raw Material Summary Cik Lim...
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...Cabling Design, Standards, Codes and Definitions The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) is a non-profit organization whose membership is made up of over 1,400 private companies and government organizations. ANSI facilitates the development of national standards by accrediting the procedures of the organizations that develop the standards. In order to gain ANSI approval, the document must be developed by a cross-section of both manufacturers and end users. ANSI is also a founding member of the ISO. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) is an organization of many national specifications bodies from over 160 countries and is based in Geneva, Switzerland. The ISO standards are developed by the people that need them, through a consensus process. They ensure that products and services are safe, reliable and of good quality (ISO Org., 2015). Each ISO member is the principal standards organization in its country. The members propose the new standards, participate in their development and provide support in collaboration with ISO Central Secretariat for nearly 3.280 technical groups that actually develop the standards. The Electronic Industries Alliance (EIA) represents a wide variety of electronics manufacturers in the United States and abroad. It was developed to ensure the equipment of different manufacturers was compatible and interchangeable. In 2007, the EIA announced that it would be dissolved and formally ceased to exist on February 11, 2011...
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...Define the following terms: 1. Horizontal Cable : A type of inside cable designed for horizontal use in non-plenum areas. While horizontal cable must be fire retardant, the National Electrical Code (NEC) specifications are not as demanding as those governing the use of plenum cable or riser cable. See also NEC, plenum, plenum cable, and riser cable. 2. Backbone Cable : Backbone cabling is the inter-building and intra-building cable connections in structured cabling between entrance facilities, equipment rooms and telecommunications closets. Backbone cabling consists of the transmission media, main and intermediate cross-connects and terminations at these locations. This system is mostly used in data centers. 3. Patch Cords: a short cord with a plug at each end, or a plug at one end and a pair of clips at the other, used for temporarily connecting two pieces of equipment or signal paths. 4. Connectors: A device for holding two parts of an electrical conductor in contact. 5. Conduit: A tube or duct for enclosing electric wires or cable. 6. Racks: A computer rack (commonly called a rack) is a metal frame used to hold various hardware devices such as servers, hard disk drives, modems and other electronic equipment. Some may refer to a rack as "LAN or network furniture" as resembles a shelving structure where components can be attached vertically, stacked on top of one another. A computer rack can also be called a relay rack or open rack. 7...
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...In the world of cabling there are two types of cables and they are Copper and Fiber Optics. Some companies chose fiber over copper but those companies have the money to use Fiber Optics and some just go with copper because it is cheaper to use. Each of these two cables has its own strengths and weaknesses. Copper: Conductivity and Heat Resistant Copper wires are second only to silver when it comes to electrical conductivity. Compared with other non-precious metals, copper wires can handle a wider load of electrical power, allowing it to use less insulation and armoring. They have high resistance to heat, eliminating most issues of overloading. Copper wires are also resistant to corrosion. Although patina, a tarnish produced by oxidation, might be present, the material will not lose functionality. Malleability and Ductility Copper has a high ductility, allowing wires thinner than human hair strands. Malleability allows it to be bent into nearly any form without the threat of breaking. Copper is used to create thick electrical cable wires within electrical posts and in applications where very thin wires are need, such as in headphone wires. Small Amounts of Electricity Although copper wires are excellent conductors, it does not perform very well when handling very exact amounts of small electrical charges. Copper wires are usually not used in high-tech automotive parts and semiconductors because of its inability to control electrical surges. Manufacturers and makers of...
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...Cable vs. Fiber optical wiring is becoming a discussion that drives industries and businesses. It is a very important to understand the differences between the two types of cables and their abilities. The capabilities of these types of wires, prices, availability, and future uses are important factors to take into consideration when designing a layout for a building. Some other important variables to consider are how many people are trained to install the cabling and how durable that cabling is and how it can withstand long term use. Copper cabling is the widely used standard of today. It has been used as a communications line since the first telegraphs. Over the years it has developed into thin multi lined cables that can send an abundant amount of data. Since it has been around so long it is widely understood and taught to professionals as well as your average Joe. Category 5e and 6 are both capable of sending signal speeds much faster than we are able to produce at bandwidths that we haven’t reached yet. So at least for the near future copper cabling can still sustain Moore’s law. This law states that technology will double in capacity and for half of the price every two years. While copper is inexpensive now it becomes more expensive with its wide use. Also its abundance will degrade over time as it is used commercially worldwide. Some more of the flaws that are involved with copper are EMI, unnoticeable tampering, and potential. Electromagnetic interference can cause signal...
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