...La historia de Lis – besvar A og B A: Oversæt til spansk Lis er en ung kvinde fra Amazonområdet i Peru. Hun er gift med George, og sammen har de en lille pige, Rosita, på ét år. Lis bliver interviewet af en medarbejder fra Operation Dagsværk. Lis fortæller hende om sin barndom i Santa Elena og om ungdommen i Iquitos, hvor hun boede hos sin lærer. Da Lis var 17 år, mødte hun George, der arbejdede for et olieselskab. De forelskede sig, og Lis blev gravid. Lis siger, at hun er glad, og at hun har et godt liv sammen med George og Rosita. Indianerne i Amazonområdet har mange problemer pga. olieselskaberne, der forurener regnskoven, så fiskene i floderne dør, afgrøderne bliver giftige, og mange indianere bliver syge. Lis es una mujer joven de la Amazonía en Perú. Casada con George y juntos tienen una hija, Rosita de uno año. Una colaboradora entrevista a Lis de “Operación Jornada”. Lis cuenta sobre su infancia en Santa Elena y sobre su juventud en Iquitos, donde vivía con su profesora. Cuando Lis tuvo 17 años, ella conoció a George, que trabajaba para una petrolera. Se enamoran y Lis se queda embarazada. Lis dice que es muy feliz, y que tiene una buena vida con George y Rosita. Los indígenas en Amazonía tienen muchos problemas debido a las petroleras, que contaminan la selva, entonces los peces en los ríos mueren, los cultivos se vuelven tóxicos y muchos indígenas se enferman. B: Besvar ét eller to spørgsmål – ca. 150 ord i alt ¿Por qué los padres de Lis no aprueban...
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...Madrid er Spaniens hovedstad. Det er også den største by i landet. Der er fremragende museer og moderne biografer, hvor de viser alle de nye spanske film. Hvis du tager til Madrid en dag, skal du gå på Prado-museet, hvor Guernica, det berømteste billede af Picasso, befinder sig. Det er også umagen værd at tage til Toledo, en lille malerisk by, som ligger syd for Madrid. Det er Spaniens gamle hovedstad, og der er f. eks. En stor, meget interessant kirke. Gaderne i Toledo er snævre, og husene er ikke særlig store, fordi byen ligger på nogle højdedrag ved bredden af Tajo-floden. I Toledo kan man se det hus, hvor maleren el Greco levede i det 16. årh., men hans bedste billeder er på Prado-museet. Madrid es la capital de España. Es también la ciudad más grande del país. Hay excelentes museos y cines modernos donde muestran todas las nuevas cine español. Si vas a Madrid un día, ir al Museo del Prado, donde se encuentra el Guernica, el famoso cuadro de Picasso. También vale la pena ir a Toledo, un pequeño pueblo pintoresco, situado al sur de Madrid. Es la antigua capital de España, y hay, por ejemplo, una iglesia grande, muy interesante. Las calles de Toledo son estrechas y las casas no son muy grandes, debido a que la ciudad está situada en una colina a orillas del río Tajo. En Toledo, se puede ver la casa donde el pintor el Greco vivió en el siglo 16., Pero sus mejores cuadros están en el Museo del...
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...The Role of Translators-Interpreters in Contemporary Society in the US and in Europe: Luxury or Necessity? Dr. Eduardo González University of Nebraska at Kearney Judging by appearances, the US has everything it needs in terms of meeting present-day requirements for language services in all spheres of modern life. There are immigrants from everywhere, millions of bilingual or polyglot people, excellent universities and colleges and so forth. However, the results as to having qualified translators and interpreters fall quite far from the possibilities. This work will attempt to give a general view of the problem and a brief analysis of possible solutions. The Past First England, then the US, have been for at least the last three centuries the most powerful countries in the world. England had a very early Industrial Revolution and its development of machines and ships led to its vast overseas empire. Even during the centuries when Spain was the most powerful nation and its ships traveled the entire world, its war crafts and equipments could not match the British fleet and armies. For a while there was France, with its beautiful Revolution for liberty, equality and fraternity, spreading the power of the bourgeoisie all over Europe. Then arose Napoleon, the Revolution’s emperor, trying to conquer new lands and colonies for France. In the long run, he was no match for the British power either. His ships were blockaded and destroyed at sea and his weary armies were finally crushed at...
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...Language Shapes Our Minds Language is so essential to our existence, so deeply part of what every human has and does, and it’s impossible to picture life without it. As social creatures, we use language as a tool, but this tool is embedded in us. This tool doesn't just help us shape the world around us and create bonds and express things, but this tool also shapes our mind. They can alter the way we see the world and the way we think and the way we live our lives. I’ve always been a firm believer of this and many different persons including lawyers, linguists, and psychologist speculated it, but not until recently were studies actually done to prove these statements. This was mostly done because it was presumed “untestable”, but luckily, Stanford and MIT found ways to reopen the question. “We have collected data around the world: from China, Greece, Chile, Indonesia, Russia, and Aboriginal Australia. What we have learned is that people who speak different languages do indeed think differently and that even flukes of grammar can profoundly affect how we see the world.” (Boroditsky, Lera. "HOW DOES OUR LANGUAGE SHAPE THE WAY WE THINK.) Language is a unique thing that humans have had the ability to create and develop and it is not only a key example to express how humans work, but it allows us to express ourselves in so many ways. To understand how language works, we must first understand what language is. Language is defined as ‘a body of words and the systems for their use...
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...foreign countries is one of the keys to successful international marketing. Too many companies, however, have jumped into foreign markets with embarrassing results. Out of their blunders, a whole new industry of translation services has emerged. Faulty translations The value of understanding the language of a country cannot he overestimated. Translation mistakes are at the heart of many blunders in international advertising. Since a language is more than the sum of its words, a literal, word-by-word dictionary translation seldom works. The following examples prove this point. Otis Engineering Company once displayed a poster at a trade show in Moscow that turned heads. Due to a poor translation of its message, the sign boasted that the firm’s equipment was great for improving a person’s sex life. The Parker Pen Company suffered an embarrassing moment when it realized that a faulty translation of one of its ads into Spanish resulted in a promise to “help prevent unwanted pregnancies”. Automobile manufacturers in the United States have made several notorious advertising mistakes that have been well publicized. General Motors learned a costly lesson when it introduced its Chevrolet Nova to the Puerto Rican market. Although “nova” means “star” in Spanish, when it is spoken, it sounds like “no va” which means it doesn’t go. Few people wanted to buy a car with that meaning. When GM changed the name to Caribe, sales picked up...
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...and Foreignization in Translation Wenfen Yang School of Foreign Languages, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China Email: wfyoung@163.com Abstract T his essay gives a brief study of Domestication and Foreignization and the disputes over these two basic translation strategies which provide both linguistic and cultural guidance. Domestication designates the type of translation in which a transparent, fluent style is adopted to minimize the strangeness of the foreign text for target language readers; while foreignization means a target text is produced which deliberately breaks target conventions by retaining something of the foreignness of the original. In the contemporary international translation field, E ugene Nida is regarded as the representative of those who favour domesticating translation, whereas the Italian scholar L aw rence Venuti is regarded to be the spokesman for those who favour foreignizing translation, who has also led the debate to a white-hot state. Index Terms domestication, foreignization, translation strategies I. OVERVIEW OF DOMESTICATION AND FOREIGNIZATION Domestication and foreignization are two basic translation strategies which provide both linguistic and cultural guidance. They are termed by American translation theorist L.Venuti (qtd. in Schaffner 1995:4). According to Venuti, the former refers to -language cultural values, bring the author the linguistic and cultural designates the type of translation in which a transparent...
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...not download an entire issue of a journal, or download multiple copies of articles. Please contact the publisher for any further use of this work at philstudies@admu.edu.ph. http://www.philippinestudies.net A N N A M E L I N D A T E S TA - D E o C A M P o The Afterlives of the Noli me tángere Filipinos rarely read the Noli me tángere in the original Spanish, but it lives on in translation, a second life or afterlife, as Walter Benjamin puts it. During the American period, the first English translation, An Eagle Flight, based on the first French translation in 1899, was published in 1900. The second English translation, entitled Friars and Filipinos, appeared in 1902, and it was made by Frank Ernest Gannett, then secretary to Jacob Schurman, chair of the First Philippine Commission. Politics intruded in the translations; the omissions and additions recreated a novel suited to the American reader who wanted to gain information about the new colony. only after the institution of the public school system were Filipinos expected to read the novel in its English translation. Keywords: José rizal • translation • afterlife • paratext • rizal law PHILIPPINE STUDIES 59, No. 4 (2011) 495–527 © Ateneo de Manila University J osé Rizal’s novel,...
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...Abstract This paper is a brief discussion of the importance of culture for marketing and managing in global markets. The major topics discussed are management styles; product development and management; advertising campaigns, and communication as they are affected by various elements of culture and Hofstede’s cultural dimensions. Management Styles Management styles practiced by domestically run companies will differ from management styles practiced in the countries of companies’ foreign operations. These differences are influenced by the elements of culture that make up the learned behaviors or way of life of a country’s or region’s people (Gaspar, 2013). Yuan (2010) describes reasons for conflict between American managers and Chinese employees in Fortune 500 companies, citing one instance in which a Chinese employee responded to an American manager with an estimated number rather than an accurate one. Because of differing values and attitudes among cultures described by Gaspar, the American manager interpreted the Chinese employee’s response as being deceptive. However, the Chinese employee was avoiding shame, which in Chinese culture results from not knowing the answer to a question. Upon understanding this, the trust grew between the American manager and his Chinese employees likely as the result of the manager changing the way he sought information from his employees. Also, in China it is expected that companies pay newspaper reporters for writing a favorable stories, which...
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...texts; a performance of Frank Bridge’s gloriously passionate settings for tenor voice and piano of two poems from The Gardener (composed in 1922: the poems are Nos. 29 and 30, ‘Speak to me, my love’ and ‘Dweller in my deathless dreams’); a presentation on Sriniketan and Dartington (Tagore and Elmhirst) by the The Tagoreans, an old-established London-based group; and a song and dance sequence called ‘The Golden Boat’, designed and performed by the Tagore Centre UK. Also, poem No. 9 from ‘Prantik’ was read in the original Bengali and in English, French, German and Slovenian, to illustrate the ‘third Tagore’ – not the Bengali Rabindranath, not the English Tagore, but the new and fuller impression that is emerging the world over through new translations. One particular memory I shall keep from the evening is the way the two poems I chose from Gitanjali came wonderfully alive as read by my PhD student Mayurika Chakravorty. Listening to her highly dramatic reading in her Calcutta-accented English of Nos. 48 (‘The morning sea of silence’) and 57 (‘Light, my light, the world-filling light’), I realised for the first time that the rhythms of Tagore’s English Gitanjali are Indian rhythms. They need to be read by an Indian voice, with an accent and intonation similar to Tagore’s own, as those were the rhythms that were in his head when he wrote his English versions. It’s taken me...
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...A Translator’s Coming of Age by Omaya Ibrahim Khalifa Through studying the three translations of Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet done by Mohammed Enani in 1965, 1986 and 1993 respectively, this study adopts a diachronic approach. In addition to examining the historical dimension, this study attempts to address itself to crucial questions related to the process of translating a literary text. A few of these are: how a translator can approach a given text in three different ways and how each translation changes according to the approach and the methods chosen by the translator. More importantly, the study proposes to discuss the pragmatic conditions governing the act of translation and how far these result in prominent modifications in the relationship between the source and target texts. The first part of this study discusses the problem or problems which confront a translator attempting to transpose Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet into Arabic, and the second analyses the three translations and how each deals with the problems discussed. Mohammed Enani, in his introduction to his third translation of Romeo and Juliet, singles out tone as the main difficulty that faces any translator attempting a rendering of the play. In the Elizabethan era romance was regarded as a subject for comedy and as such allowed playful treatment. Harry Levin explains that Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet was an innovation at the time. He reveals the effect of the play on contemporary audiences...
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...Making Use of English Subtitled K-Pop MV in Exploring Students’ Extensive Reading Comprehension YUNINGSIH Telkom University, Indonesia yuningsihlegiman@gmail.com ABSTRACT Studies on captions and subtitles in EFL learning gave positive effects on comprehension and vocabulary acquisition (Chung, 1996, Neurnan & Koskinen, 1992; Price, 1983; Vanderplank, 1988, 1993). Using song in ELT was highly impressive and motivating (Murphey, 1992; Lied, 2000). This study was designed to investigate the use of English-subtitled K-Pop MV in exploring students’ extensive reading ability. In this case study, five students, four girls and one boy, were selected. To collect the data, document analysis and an in-depth interview were conducted. The findings showed in comprehending the song, the students’ interpretations were still shallow and relying heavily on summary of narrative with very low-level inference. Meanwhile in vocabulary acquisition, it helped their better understanding wider range vocabulary, either in English or Korean. In addition, using K-Pop for learning English was more interesting and enjoyable, it is also motivating. Overall, using English-subtitle on K-Pop can be used as an alternative way to enliven extensive reading. Keywords: Subtitle, comprehension, extensive reading, interpretation, inference. INTRODUCTION The Korean wave—”hallyu” in Korean—refers to a surge in the international visibility of Korean culture, beginning in East Asia in the 1990s and continuing...
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...Re: | Official Language of Financial Statement | Comments: | I believe that there should be an official language for the Financial Statement. Using only one language in business world is easy for business people to communicate with each other. There are translators and translation software; however, those methods cost money and there is no guaranteed that those methods don’t have any flaw. Small flaws in business world could cost lots of money. Business people are expected to be ethical but among those people, there are some people that are tempted and will commit unethical act. Using translators and translation software could give those people an opportunity to commit an unethical act. Learning a new language is not an easy task, but to be among those people in the business world is not an easy task either. If they could be there in the business world, then learning a new language shouldn’t be that hard. Some companies might just satisfy with what they have and don’t want to seek to expand internationally. However, if there is a chance for them to do so, then they will not throw it away. Because to be in that position today, they must always have that desire to move forward and take risks. People that has no desires and are not willing to take risks wouldn’t be in that position today. Even if there is a small group people who are tired of taking risks after they took so many risks, then they could just learn a new language just in case they will change their minds in the future...
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...Three international barriers to Electronic Commerce Charanpreet Singh Sullivan University Abstract E-commerce revolution is increasing day by day with thousands of new customers joining in everyday for shopping goods and services online. But still in today’s age of internet, some of the barriers exist which hampers the growth of E-commerce. Few of such barriers are Lack of trust, language & culture and infrastructural issues. A joint effort is required to put in place a proper process by which these issues can be addressed so that the effects are minimal. Lack of trust (Werthner, 2001) It is very important for the businesses to establish trust with their customers but the online businesses which exist through online websites have anonymity and it is hard to establish then said. The existence of business through website and lack of physical presence at a place is a factor which affects a person’s trust in a company. The issue of anonymity can be explained by an example that no one can know only through a website that how established a bank is only through their website and unless and until one trusts a bank they will not become a customer with the bank. Therefore, companies really need to have a plan to how they can make their customers trust a business. Also, when designing a website it is very important that we address all the needs of the customers in a good manner so that they do not get an impression that this company does not provide the services which the...
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...Vijayan’s Translations Introduction The process of globalization affects almost all the fields of research undertaken by human beings; translation has not been an exception. The present phenomenon of globalization in fact promotes almost all languages to have benefits, which offering mainly through the information technology and its new exposures to a global audience from the different parts of the „glocal‟ village. Cultures are getting closer and closer, and this is something that translators need to take more into account. Translocating the Subject: The Re- Sited Structures of O. V. Vijayan’s Translations problematizes O. V. Vijayan‟s novel translations in this new global locality. This is a new aspect that is gaining focus in the field of world literary translation studies. Hence this is an attempt to initiate fresh discussions on the link between translation and globalization in the translations by OV Vijayan (1930- 2005), one of the key figures in Malayalam literature. New Canonization The introductory chapter “New Canonization”, proposes analyse the terms “translocating the subject” and “globalization” and envisages to take a serious look at the author particularly in the context of the changing terms of Translation Studies within the context of globalization as well as of postcolonial discussions on translation. Globalization and translation both deal with languages and cultures. They attempt to remove cultural and language barriers but while translation targets better...
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...TRANSLATION QUALITY ASSESSMENT Translation quality assessment has become one of the key issues in translation studies. This comprehensive and up-to-date treatment of translation evaluation makes explicit the grounds of judging the worth of a translation and emphasizes that translation is, at its core, a linguistic operation. Written by the author of the world’s best known model of translation quality assessment, Juliane House, this book provides an overview of relevant contemporary interdisciplinary research on translation, intercultural communication and globalization, and corpus and psycho- and neuro-linguistic studies. House acknowledges the importance of the socio-cultural and situational contexts in which texts are embedded, and which need to be analysed when they are transferred through space and time in acts of translation, at the same time highlighting the linguistic nature of translation. The text includes a newly revised and presented model of translation quality assessment which, like its predecessors, relies on detailed textual and culturally informed contextual analysis and comparison. The test cases also show that there are two steps in translation evaluation: firstly, analysis, description and explanation; secondly, judgements of value, socio-cultural relevance and appropriateness. The second is futile without the first: to judge is easy, to understand less so. Translation Quality Assessment is an invaluable resource for students and researchers...
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