...Injury to any person’s body results in a distressing interruption in life. Fortunately, because most peoples’ careers or errands do not require much use of the body, injured non-athletes can continue on with these activities before full recovery, depending on the seriousness of the damage done. When injury befalls on a sportsperson, the disruption experienced is amplified, as the person needs to fully recover both physically and mentally before participating again. Injury to any given athlete will cause many diverse effects psychologically, and the way the athlete views the injury is a significant determining factor in his or her ability to come back in full force. Unfortunately, the rate that the body recovers is not always simultaneous with the rate that the mind heals (Podlog & Eklund, 2007), so it is important to make sure restorative treatment is applied toward the mind during rehabilitation. The mental discomfort one experiences from injury is complex, as the person is being affected cognitively, emotionally and behaviorally. To make sure a rehabilitation program will fully heal the mind along with the body, the intricacy of the mental aspect needs special consideration. The rate at which the body recuperates and the amount of influence psychological properties affect that rate depend on if the injury is short term, moderate or severe. When the injury is more severe, more modifications potentially need to be made when returning to the sport which were not concerns before...
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...Sports Injuries While researching further into the major of Physical Therapy, there was a topic that kept resurfacing. That topic was adolescent sports injuries and why/how they occur. Injuries from sports participation are a substantial cause of hospitals visits and medical bills. Sport injuries are the second leading cause of ER visits for adolescents. As I dived deeper into researching this topic I came across scholarly articles though places such as JSTOR, Google scholar, and more through the library databases. One of my favorite articles that I used throughout the semester was Taft’s. Although this article might be slightly out-of-date I think the information is still respectable and still truthful to the current date. Timothy...
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...Maureen Weiss is the author of this article about the psychological aspects of sport-injury rehab. As a well-known doctor from the University of Virginia this dated article from 2003 was written with insights from many of her peers. This article not only was a lot to learn of information to learn about sports injury but also just great knowledge and insight about the world of sports around us today. This article talks a lot about the way kids in different age groups will act differently compared to each other. With the way the doctors did their research it shows that they took a lot of time to conduct these tests and experiments. When you look at the findings from the procedures done we do see differences in the athletic injury, as they grow older as well as their gender that either has been seen to help or hurt the athletes in the rehab process. When I look back over the article and find a conclusion that I agree with using the findings I believe that each patient should be looked at differently. Using the past results you can start with that when caring for an athlete in their rehab process, but as you continue adjust your process depending on the athlete and how much they push themselves. Each person will have different goals and different drive to finish. With this article anyone interested in rehab could use this article and its findings and work it more for more results. It seemed to be a lot of work but as the times have gone on we now have different patients and different...
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...sporting goods, sports footwear and sporting apparel (“Adidas Group AG”). Their overriding theme has always been sports and the sporting lifestyle (“Adidas Group AG”). In more recent years, the Adidas Company merged with Reebok International Incorporated including its sub-brands, Taylormade and Rockport, in an effort to challenge its competitors, Nike and Puma (“Adidas Group AG”). With the merger to Reebok, the company has now focused on their sport footwear and apparel operations as well as their Taylormade golf equipment division and its Maxfli line of golf balls, clubs and accessories (“Adidas Group AG”). With over 50,000 employees worldwide and revenues in excess of $19 billion, Adidas is a global organization, selling its brand in more than 160 countries (“Adidas Group AG”). In addition, after winning the rights to becoming the official sponsor and supplier of the 2008 Olympic Games in China, Adidas began expanding its market there with the goal of controlling the sports footwear industry worldwide. (“Adidas Group AG”). Two Growth Opportunity Strategies that Adidas could consider in order to expand their business over the next 5 years could be in product development and diversification. Product development is defined as, “new or improved products for present markets” (Perreault, Cannon, McCarthy 51). Adidas focuses on athletes and those who enjoy an active lifestyle. Unfortunately, this type of lifestyle can lead to stress and strain injuries. A natural progression...
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...Traumatic Brain Injury Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a serious health issue in the United States. Each year traumatic brain injuries affect millions of Americans. Some cases often result in death while those that survive are left with severe disabilities. Every twenty-one seconds, one person in the United States is sustained with a TBI. In 2013 alone, 1.5 million Americans suffered from traumatic brain injuries. What exactly is a TBI? A traumatic brain injury is defined as an alteration in brain function or other evidence of brain pathology, caused by an external force. TBI’s can be classified as congenital, perinatal, or acquired. In congenital and perinatal cases of TBIs, children are born with such diseases and/or physical abnormalities. Two subcategories of an acquired TBI are non-traumatic and traumatic. From there traumatic brain injuries are broken down into two more sub-categories called open and closed injuries. Open head injury is a skull fracture that is driven into the brain caused by high- momentum causes or objects to the head where as a closed head injury is a mild physical trauma, but still keeping the skull intact. Typical causes for TBI’s are falls, motor vehicle- traffic accidents, struck by/collision accidents, and sports injuries. The two main causes are motor vehicle- traffic accidents and sports injuries. Motor vehicle accidents are the leading cause of all head injuries. These accidents cause about 28% of traumatic brain injuries. The dramatic...
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...Rehabilitation of Acromioclavicular Joint Separations: Operative and Nonoperative Considerations Mark P. Cote, PT, DPTa, Karen E. Wojcik, MSPT, ATCb, Gregg Gomlinski, MSPT, CSCSb, Augustus D. Mazzocca, MS, MDa,* Acromioclavicular joint (AC) separations are one of the most common injuries seen in orthopedic and sports medicine practices, accounting for 9% of all injuries to the shoulder girdle.1–3 Various operative and nonoperative treatment schemes have been described for the management of AC joint injuries.4–33 Although considerable controversy exists over the efficacy of surgical reconstruction versus nonoperative intervention for grade III type injuries, grade I and II separations seem to respond favorably to conservative management. Conversely, grades IV, V, and VI often require surgical reconstruction. Regardless of the type of injury, rehabilitation as a part of conservative management and postoperative care plays an important role in the management of these injuries. This article presents the authors’ rehabilitation approach to treatment of acromioclavicular separations pre- and postoperatively. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK To provide instruction and insight for rehabilitation clinicians, protocols are often provided for a specific injury or procedure. A protocol is a system of rules or procedures for a given situation. Although intended to be informative, protocols often result in a restrictive list of exercises and arbitrary time frames that a clinician...
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...In a case study reported by Dembowski et al (2013), dry needling was used in a combination with eccentric training program to rehabilitate hamstring strain. An 18-year collegiate athlete, presented with acute hamstring strain and multiple strain on the unaffected side, which received three times physical-therapy session per week for three weeks with progressive eccentric program and only three session of dry needling. During the initial examination the subject went through several self-reported outcomes measurement for lower extremity, and movement pattern was assessed to identify areas of motion dysfunction using the selective functional movement assessment. Additionally, the subject resting pain and pain during sport was evaluated on visual...
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...Running head: Meniscus Tears Meniscus Tears Kaitlyn Hutchins Liberty University Meniscus Tears Description of Injury The meniscus is separated into two separate menisci. A medial, more crescent shaped menisci, and a lateral, more circular one. The meniscus is responsible for lubricating and nourishing the knee joint and assisting with joint biomechanics by mainly providing shock absorption during weight bearing. Injuries to a healthy meniscus are usually produced by a compressive force coupled with transverse-plane tibiofemoral rotation as the knee moves from flexion to extension during rapid cutting or pivoting (Brindle, 2001, 160). Meniscus tears can be considered acute or chronic depending on the mechanism of injury and the participants injury history. The patient may even be able to continue participation in activities but will notice a significant loss of the range of motion in the knee joint and a feeling that the knee is “giving out”. In many cases, it is the medial meniscus that is more commonly injured due to the fact that it is much less stable because of its crescent shape, and because it is also attached to the medial collateral ligament. Mechanisms of Injury The possible mechanisms of injury for meniscus tears varies from rapid cutting or changing of directions while running, to extreme compressive force to the lower leg region causing unnatural stress on the menisci. There are three different types of tears to the menisci which include a “bucket handle”...
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...Osgood-Schlatter Disease: A General Overview Abstract In sports and athletic lifestyles, there is an increased risk for injury as well as specific injuries that correlate with a respective sport. There is a particular disease that can occur in a number of sports activities called Osgood-Schlatter disease (OSD). It is named after two surgeons who originally founded the diagnosis in 1903. The biggest aspect of Osgood-Schlatter (OS), is that its target population are adolescents during periods of growth. The condition is not a disease that causes permanent or long-term disabilities. This paper will further discuss the different aspects of OS such as the main cause, common reported symptoms, varying forms of treatment, prevention methods and different physical therapy implications. Cause and Etiology The exact etiology of OS is idiopathic, making it unknown and debated over the years. The common theory is OS is an injury due to overuse. (Whitmore, 2013). It is believed that OS is caused by repetitive, forceful contractions of the quadriceps muscle tendon pulling on the “immature tibial tuberosity” (Tuong, White, 2011). This repeated traction force can be strong enough to pull bone fragments off the tuberosity or in worse cases, pull the proximal portion of the tendon off the tibia causing the tuberosity to become elevated resulting in pain and inflammation (Sullivan, 2014). The reason the condition is viewed at such a high level of importance is because the tuberosity is...
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...a popular sport in past decade. In recent years rugby had became a popular sport in the United States with athletes from primary and secondary school to adults playing the game. Now, there are more than 80,000 players were registered with USA Rugby, 20,000 of these players are high school age (Woods C, 2004). Rugby is one of the sport had highest injuries rate sports in the world. And this paper will show and research of how to set a prevention plan to reduce the injuries rate of rugby. After a large amount of literature review, this apply paper will show and study the prevention of rugby players. So, based on a complete literature review it can clear and identify the major problems, main issues and obviously problems within the intrinsic knowledge of thea....
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...They handle the physical aspect of the injury but often unintentionally ignore the psychological portion. The most commonly reported psychological issues associated with athletic injury are anxiety and negative stressors. This led to the creation of a model that helps interpret how an athlete responds to injury. The model describes the response to an injury as being influenced by personal and situational factors that are often associated with the behavioral and emotional response of the athlete. The physical and mental recovery from injury are directly influenced by these behavioral and emotional responses, often characterized by negative/positive self-talk, frustration, and adherence to rehabilitation. This model emphasizes that the skills that are influential in promoting positive behavioral and emotional outcomes are coping skills, mental imagery, positive self-talk, and goal setting (Hamson-Utley et. Al. 2008). The information above gives us more insight on the benefits of the application of sport psychology in a physical therapy setting. Despite these known benefits, many physical therapists do not receive formal education in the use of psychological skills for rehabilitation. However, if physical therapists combine concepts and skills in their everyday interactions with their patients, they will most likely notice a more positive experience. This is because pairing the physical rehabilitation with the psychological rehabilitation is key a component to recovery. Overall...
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...Diagnosis Despite the high incidence of ankle sprains in athletes, syndesmotic injuries are rarely diagnosed. It is stressed through multiple reviews that the correct use of HIP/HOPS is initiated in order to prevent long term effects from the original injury. Diagnosis of the injury can be made easier by the associated pain on the medial aspect of the ankle, ballottable fibula, proximal fibular tenderness, swelling and crepitus that may be seen during inspection (7). If the patient is experiencing pain between the tibia and fibula, the distance, tenderness length, needs to be determined because it has been reported to be correlate with the degree of injury and time to return to play (2). There are many clinical tests that can be utilized for diagnosis of distal tibiofibular syndesmotic disruption, but research supports the use of four special tests. The Cotton Test, involves side-to-side movement of the talus on the involved leg compared with the contralateral side. In the External Rotation Test, there is...
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...ACL Rupture in Sports PETH 197 Jacquelyn Holguin, Roy Ramirez, Audrey Beltran Seen more commonly in athletes, an injury to the anterior cruciate ligament can be a debilitating musculoskeletal injury to the knee. The most common cause of ACL injuries are Non-contact tears and ruptures. The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is a significant ligament for proper movement. An ACL injury causes knee instability that causes injury to other knee ligaments. Injuries of the ACL range from mild, such as small tears, to severe when the ligament is completely torn. There are several ways the ACL can be torn; the ligament tears due to it being overstretched. The movements of the knee that can result in a tear are when the knee is straightened more than 10 degrees beyond its normal maximal position. Hyperextension occurs when the lower leg is forced forward in relation to the upper leg. It can happen from a rotational injury, the knee twists when the rest of the body is moving straight. Tears in the anterior cruciate ligament often take place when the knee receives a direct impact while the leg is in a stable position, for example a standing football player is tackled sideways when his feet are firmly planted. Torn ACLs are more than often connected to high impact sports or when the knee is forced to stop suddenly at high speed and when the tibia moves forward in relation to the femur. Such types of injuries are dominant in alpine skiing, American football, basketball, rugby, professional...
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...Athletes participating in every sport at the collegiate and professional levels have come to rely on an athletic trainer for all of their injuries and ailments. Athletic trainers' specialized scope of practice includes injury prevention, emergency care, clinical diagnosis, therapeutic intervention and rehabilitation of injuries and medical conditions. So if I was the head of an athletic training staff I would first trying to find ways to overseeing the general care of my student-athletes. The athletic trainer is the healthcare professional who takes care of student-athletes even after the school nurse and other staff have left for the day. This is when the athletic trainer begins the daily routine of injury rehabilitation, injury evaluations, protective taping, practice preparation, monitoring environmental conditions such as heat and humidity, consulting with physicians, checking the status of weather conditions, conducting concussion follow-up and honoring return-to-play protocols. Coordinating care with teachers and other administrative staff, and student workers to make sure that everyone is on the same page to what is expected and time schedule for treatment and thing of that nature. I would try to detect care for a wide range of injuries that occurs more often. Injuries vary from sprains and strains to more severe, unusual injuries or conditions that require specialized training, recognition, management and treatment. Along the way I would be developing relationships with...
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...freshman, sophomore, and junior years. Prior to the start of the football season in his senior year, the district claimed Richard was ineligible to play on the basis that Richard only had one kidney. Richard and his family filed a preliminary injunction against the school district claiming the district violated Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973. (Grube v Bethlehem, 1982) According to the United States Department of Education (2011), Section 504 states that, “no otherwise qualified handicapped individual in the United States shall, solely by reason of his handicap, be excluded from the participation in…any program or activity receiving federal financial assistance”. As a result, the court ruled in favor of Richard Grube. Case and Law Review Richard Wallace Grube et al. v. Bethlehem Area School District Legal Research In 1982, Richard Grube, a senior at Freedom High School was declared ineligible to play football because he only had one kidney. Richard and his family filed a preliminary injunction based on Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973. According to the U.S. Department of Education, Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 states that, no otherwise qualified handicapped individual in the United States shall, solely by reason of his handicap, be excluded from the participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any program or activity receiving federal financial assistance. According to the testimony...
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