...Aerodynamics and Aircraft Performance Characteristics of High-speed Flight Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University From the beginning of the age of manned flight, aviators and engineers have continuously sought to increase the performance envelope. Many parameters for defining aircraft performance exist, but here I’d like to focus on going fast. Since I was a child I’ve been fascinated with military aircraft and the pursuit of speed. From the Bell X-1 to the famed SR-71 Blackbird and beyond, high-speed flight has been a chase toward an ever increasing limit. Several factors contribute to the aerodynamics of supersonic flight and many limitations apply as the envelope is pushed. I will focus the perspective of this paper on design characteristics, engine technology, and atmospheric considerations and take a peek into the future of hypersonic flight. In order to discuss the design characteristics of high-speed aircraft, a definition for the speed regimes must be given. Supersonic flight is typically defined as greater than Mach 1 but less than Mach 3. “High” Supersonic flight is a narrow band of operation from Mach 3 to 5 and hypersonic flight is in excess of Mach 5 (Benson, 2013). Shape technology and wing design are the primary areas of concern in setting out to build an aircraft capable of supersonic speeds. If airflow velocities reach sonic speeds at some location on an aircraft further acceleration results in the onset of...
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...(2,200 mph) Take-off speed: 210 knots Landing speed: 150-155 knots. Uses a drag chute to stop. Service Ceiling: 85,000 ft plus Max. Range: 2,982 miles un-refueled (has flown 18,000 mile missions with in-flight refueling) Weight: 145,000 lb max weight Crew: 2 Cost: $24.616 million in 1972 Total Built: 32 Number Lost: 12(accidents) Number in Museums: 20 as of Nov 2008 References: The US War Machine, 1983. Ray Bond. Arsenal of Democracy II, 1981. Tom Gervasi. March Field Museum Literature. Lockheed SR71, 1993, Paul Crickmore SR71 in Action, Signal Publications Flight magazine, Feb 2000 Airpower magazine (above, as of 18 April 2013) | | Description | Manufacturer: | Lockheed | Designation: | SR-71 | Version: | A | Nickname: | Blackbird | Type: | General Reconnaissance | Specifications | Length: | 107' 5" | 32.74 M | Height: | 18' 6" | 5.64 M | Wingspan: | 55' 7" | 16.94 M | Empty Weight: | 60000.0 lbs | 27210.0 Kg | Gross Weight: | 145000 lbs | 77097.0 Kg | Propulsion | No. of Engines: | 2 | Powerplant: | Pratt & Whitney J58 | Thrust (each): | 34000 | 14512 | Performance | Range: | 3000 miles | 4669.00 Km | Max Speed: Mach 3.2+ | 2200.00 Mph | 3220.00 Km/H | 1740.54 Kt | Ceiling: | 85000.0 Ft | 25907.0 M...
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...aircraft made by the United States during the Cold War was the SR-71 Blackbird. First named the A-12 during its development, the Blackbird was the product of the Lockheed’s “skunk works” division. What led to the development of the A-12 was the need for “a high speed, high altitude, reconnaissance aircraft, [that is] capable of avoiding interceptors and missiles” (National Air and Space Museum). This demand came after the a U-2 reconnaissance aircraft was shot down over Russia in 1960. In order to meet this demand, unconventional approaches to the A-12’s design took place. For example, since the plane was expected to fly at Mach 3.2 and at extremely high altitudes, surface temperature of the plane could reach up to 600 degrees fahrenheit. (National Air and Space Museum) To overcome this, the external surface was plated in titanium alloy, while the internal airframe was made of aluminum. In addition to this, the plane’s shape was designed so that it would not reflect too many radar waves, and a special radar wave absorbing paint was applied for maximum stealth. Additionally, due to the high speed that the plane would be traveling at, engineers at Lockheed had to develop a way to prevent engine “flameouts” while flying. In order to achieve this, the development of “a complex air intake and bypass system” occurred (National Air and Space Museum). By creating groundbreaking designs for the A-12, and later the SR-71, the United States was finally able to use the ultimate reconnaissance...
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...spite of the increased complexity and weight. In addition, these types of aircraft have a greater interaction between the airframe and the engine than their previous counterparts. Apparently, it is no longer possible to rationalize between optimizing a propulsion package to a separately optimized airframe (Torenbeek, 2013). The two parts work in tandem and thus they should be fully integrated into all aspects by the designer. Supersonic aircraft refer to those planes that travel at a relatively faster speed compared to that of sound (Gunston, 2008). These types of planes were developed in the mid-twentieth century and had been extensively deployed purely for research and military works. Two types of airlines, namely the Concorde and the A-11/SR-71 aircraft mark the development of a novel class of planes designed purposely for supersonic operation. The most typical example of a supersonic aircraft is the jet fighter, however, it does not travel at a speed that exceeds that of sound. Other examples include the Conair B-58 and XB-70 (Mindling & Boston, 2008). Image of the Convair B-58 obtained from the US Air Force Museum website The aircraft weighs 160,000 pounds, however, a weight of over 100,000 pounds was for the fuel alone. In order to achieve the desired aerodynamics performance, the wings were designed to be thin whereby the tip was 4.08% whereas the root was 3.46%. In 1962, it was awarded the Bleriot prize after...
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...Successful Failure Micheal Stout 4 February, 2015 By and large, the inability to collect, report, process, disseminate, and act upon intelligence gathered by our military forces has been the cause of numerous failures in military operations. Operation Ivory Coast, a daring raid on the prisoner of war (POW) camp Son Tay during the Vietnamese war, was one such operation. Considered by many as a stunning tactical success, this mission was a failure from an intelligence standpoint, and the ultimate goal of the operation, to rescue the POW’s held at Son Tay, was unsuccessful. Operation Ivory Coast Background and Planning In the spring of 1970, intelligence gathered from the United States Air Force through analysis of aerial imagery confirmed the presence of fifty five American POW’s, a handful of which were in a condition requiring urgent rescue, located at a compound near Son Tay, 23 miles west of Hanoi. Planning was finalized in August of 1970 to conduct a raid to rescue the POW’s. It would be a joint effort between Air Force search and rescue teams and Army Special Forces. Col Arthur “Bull” Simons was given command of the ground forces. With just over a hundred service members for the ground force, a mock site was built at Eglin Air Force Base, and the joint force conducted roughly 170 training missions in preparation for the operation. Air Force pilots flew over one thousand hours at different locations in the southeastearn United States, practicing the dissimilar aircraft...
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...A Child Called “It” Dave Pelzer Health Communications September 1st, 1995 184 pages The subject of this book was Dave Pelzer and I chose him because his life story interested me. What interested me about Pelzer was that he was strong, courageous, and smart enough to play his mother’s own games. Significant Events: 1) At age 12 Dave was finally rescued from the horror his mom would cause and placed in a series of foster homes until he enlisted in the U.S. Air Force at age 18. Even with all that was against him, Dave was determined to better himself - no matter what the odds. 2) As a member of the Armed Forces, Dave was hand-picked to midair refuel the highly secretive SR-71 Blackbird and the F-117 Stealth Fighter, which played a major role in Operations Just Cause, Desert Shield and Desert Storm. While serving on active duty and maintaining a rigorous flight schedule, Dave made time to give of himself. 3) His first book was a major success and was about his alcoholic mother who was very abusive to him. Pelzer is the survivor of the third worst case of child-abuse in California’s history, a case he vividly recalls in A Child Called “It”. 4) Dave is the first to have four # 1 International Best Sellers and to have four books simultaneously on the New York Times Best Sellers List. Minor Events: 1) Dave was honored as one of the Ten Outstanding Young Americans. He joins a distinguished group including: John F. Kennedy, Anne Bancroft and Christopher Reeves...
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...Typical Products and Uses of Titanium Due to Titanium’s amazing properties such as corrosion resistance, high strength-to-weight ratio, low density, high heat resistance, high fatigue resistance, high crack resistance and biocompatibility; it is widely used in various industries (Moiseyev, 2006). Titanium is often combined with other metals such as aluminum, vanadium, copper, iron, manganese and molybdenum to create alloys of improved grain size and hardness (Clifford, 1968). Titanium mill products: titanium foil, sheet, wire, and rod are useful in the aerospace, marine, military and other industries. Titanium powder is also used in pyrotechnics to produce silver sparks (Helmenstine, n.d.). Titanium is commonly consumed, meaning, about 95% of titanium ore extracted from the Earth is being refined into the form of titanium dioxide (TiO2), a white permanent pigment used in paints, paper, toothpaste, and plastics (Smook 2002). As titanium oxide, it is used as air purifiers (as a filter coating) to coat windows on buildings so that when titanium oxide becomes exposed to UV light (either solar or artificial) and moisture in the air, reactive redox species like hydroxyl radicals are produced so that they can purify the air or keep window surfaces clean (Stevens et. al., 1998). Also, just recently, 18-year-old Eesha Khare, a senior at Lynbrook High School, designed, synthesized and characterized a core-shell nanorod electrode capacitor (with a hydrogenated titanium dioxide core and...
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...ENG. 111 Area 51: Alien testing facility? Area 51 is located near the town of Rachel, Nevada; Groom Lake surrounds the base (Strickland). To enter Area 51 you need a top secret clearance, a need to know, and an invitation by the upper most ranks of the CIA (Jacobsen xi-3). The majority of employees travel to Area 51 on unmarked aircraft from Las Vegas (Strickland). The U.S. government has never officially admitted to the existence of Area 51 (Jacobsen xi-3). This fuels the Alien controversies surrounding Area 51; theorists believe the government has aliens and alien aircraft on site (Strickland). Have aliens visited Earth? It is possible but unlikely that aliens are at Area 51. The majority of conspiracy theorists believe aliens crashed at Roswell, New Mexico, on July 2, 1947 (Soodin). The UFO wreckage and three aliens were retrieved by the US military and sent to Area 51 for research. Lieutenant Walter Haut, a public relations officer at Roswell Army Air Field, claims to have seen the UFO and the alien bodies (“Roswell Theory”). He describes the aliens as having enormous heads and being approximately three and half feet tall. General William Blanchard wrote an official statement saying the Army had recovered UFO remains on the 8th of July, 1947 (Strickland). According to Haut there was a second crash site where more wreckage was recovered. This is why the U.S Army gave the first statement to take the attention away from the more significant site (“Roswell Theory”). ...
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...AEROSPACE MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY [pic] GM 105 Professor Hatton December 11, 2009 ___ Report Completed By: Sarah Gregory Leslie Horton Staci Miles Lauren Rolson Marcin Skubala TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 4 BACKGROUND 4 DOMINANT ECONOMIC INDICATORS 5 1. Market Size 5 2. Scope of Competitive Rivalry 6 3. Number of Companies in the Industry 7 4. Customers 8 5. Ease of Entry/Exit 8 6. Technology/Innovation 9 7. Product Characteristics 10 A. Government 10 B. Commercial Aircraft 10 8. Scale Economies 11 A. Internal 11 B. External 12 9. Experience Curve Effects 12 10. Capacity Utilization 13 11. Industry Profitability 13 SIX FORCES OF COMPETITION 14 1. Threat of New Entrants 14 2. Bargaining Power of Suppliers 16 3. Bargaining Power of Buyers 16 4. Threat of Substitute Products/Services 17 5. Intensity of Rivalry among Competitors 17 6. Relative Power of other Stakeholders-Unions 18 COMPETITIVE POSITION OF MAJOR AEROSPACE COMPANIES 18 COMPETITOR ANALYSIS OF MAJOR AEROSPACE COMPANIES 20 Boeing Co. 20 Lockheed Martin Corporation 21 Northrop Grumman Corporation 23 Raytheon Co. 24 Other Manufacturers 25 Airbus 25 United Technologies 26 KEY SUCCESS FACTORS 26 Reducing Costs 26 Maintaining Access to Foreign Markets 27 INDUSTRY PROSPECTS AND OVERALL ATTRACTIVENESS 29 Factors Making the Industry Attractive 29 Factors Making...
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...The Big Idea hbr.org Scott D. Anthony is the managing director of Innosight Asia-Pacific and the author of The Little Black Book of Innovation (Harvard Business Review Press, 2012). The New Corporate Garage Illustration: otto steininger Where today’s most innovative—and world-changing—thinking is taking place by Scott D. Anthony Quick: List the big companies that have launched paradigm-shifting innovations in recent decades. There’s Apple—and, well, Apple. The popular perception is that most corporations are just too big and deliberate to produce game-changing inventions. We look to hungry entrepreneurs—the Gateses, Zuckerbergs, Pages, and Brins—instead. The rise of fast, nimble, and passionate venture-capital-backed entrepreneurs seems to have made slow-paced big-company innovation obsolete, or at least to have consigned it to the world of incremental advances. But Apple’s inventiveness is no anomaly; it indicates a dramatic shift in the world of innovation. The revolution spurred by venture capitalists decades ago has created the conditions in which scale enables big companies to stop shackling innovation and start unleashing it. September 2012 Harvard Business Review 45 The Big Idea The New Corporate Garage Three trends are behind this shift. First, the increasing ease and decreasing cost of innovation mean that start-ups now face the same short-term pressures that have constrained innovation at large companies; as soon as a young company gets a whiff of success...
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...Historie letectví – Martin Jarolímek Úvod Téma mé práce je letecký průmysl v České republice a ve světě. Toto téma jsem si vybral, protože se aktivně zajímám o dění na poli leteckého průmyslu a letecké dopravy. Téma jako takové, je v celku rozsáhlé a rád bych zmapoval vývoj letectví od počátků až do současnosti. Letecký průmysl byl a stále je, velmi důležitou součástí našeho světa. Letadla nám pomáhají překonávat dlouhé vzdálenosti za krátký čas, dopravovat potraviny a jiné potřebné věci na těžko dostupná místa a nebo naopak přepravovat věci a osoby z těchto míst. Avšak letecký průmysl není jen civilním odvětvím, ale primárně vojenským. Ovšem vojenskému průmyslu se zde chci věnovat jen minimálně. Tento průmysl je bezesporu velkým byznysem. Z toho důvodu bych se taktéž rád věnoval konkurenčnímu boji největších světových výrobců jako je Boeing a Airbus. Tyto dvě firmy jsou v současnosti největšími výrobci letecké techniky. Jak civilní, tak i vojenské. Jen pro představu, firma Boeing v roce 2009 dodala 481 kusů letadel, zatímco Airbus 498 kusů. Ovšem díky finanční krizi museli výrobci letadel čelit velkému úbytku objednávek a zároveň i rušení objednávek stávajících. A jaký je vlastně smysl této seminární práce? Chci vás...
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...10000 quiz questions and answers www.cartiaz.ro 10000 general knowledge questions and answers 10000 general knowledge questions and answers www.cartiaz.ro No Questions Quiz 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 Carl and the Passions changed band name to what How many rings on the Olympic flag What colour is vermilion a shade of King Zog ruled which country What colour is Spock's blood Where in your body is your patella Where can you find London bridge today What spirit is mixed with ginger beer in a Moscow mule Who was the first man in space What would you do with a Yashmak Who betrayed Jesus to the Romans Which animal lays eggs On television what was Flipper Who's band was The Quarrymen Which was the most successful Grand National horse Who starred as the Six Million Dollar Man In the song Waltzing Matilda - What is a Jumbuck Who was Dan Dare's greatest enemy in the Eagle What is Dick Grayson better known as What was given on the fourth day of Christmas What was Skippy ( on TV ) What does a funambulist do What is the name of Dennis the Menace's dog What are bactrians and dromedaries Who played The Fugitive Who was the King of Swing Who was the first man to fly across the channel Who starred as Rocky Balboa In which war was the charge of the Light Brigade Who invented the television Who would use a mashie niblick In the song who killed Cock Robin What do deciduous...
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...APPLE INC FORMReport) 10-K (Annual Filed 12/05/97 for the Period Ending 09/26/97 Address Telephone CIK Symbol SIC Code Industry Sector Fiscal Year ONE INFINITE LOOP CUPERTINO, CA 95014 (408) 996-1010 0000320193 AAPL 3571 - Electronic Computers Computer Hardware Technology 09/30 http://www.edgar-online.com © Copyright 2011, EDGAR Online, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Distribution and use of this document restricted under EDGAR Online, Inc. Terms of Use. UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549 FORM 10-K (MARK ONE) /X/ ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED SEPTEMBER 26, 1997 OR / / TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 FOR THE TRANSITION PERIOD FROM TO COMMISSION FILE NUMBER 0-10030 APPLE COMPUTER, INC. (EXACT NAME OF REGISTRANT AS SPECIFIED IN ITS CHARTER) CALIFORNIA (STATE OR OTHER JURISDICTION OF INCORPORATION OR ORGANIZATION) 1 Infinite Loop Cupertino, California (ADDRESS OF PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICES) 942404110 (I.R.S. EMPLOYER IDENTIFICATION NO.) 95014 (ZIP CODE) REGISTRANT'S TELEPHONE NUMBER, INCLUDING AREA CODE: (408) 996-1010 Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: None Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: Common Stock, no par value Common Share Purchase Rights (Titles of classes) Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant (1) has filed all reports...
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...COLLAPSE HOW S O C I E T I E S CHOOSE TO FAIL OR S U C C E E D JARED DIAMOND VIK ING VIKING Published by the Penguin Group Penguin Group (USA) Inc., 375 Hudson Street, New York, New York 10014, U.S.A. Penguin Group (Canada), 10 Alcorn Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M4V 3B2 (a division of Pearson Penguin Canada Inc.) Penguin Books Ltd, 80 Strand, London WC2R ORL, England Penguin Ireland, 25 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland (a division of Penguin Books Ltd) Penguin Books Australia Ltd, 250 Camberwell Road, Camberwell, Victoria 3124, Australia (a division of Pearson Australia Group Pty Ltd) Penguin Books India Pvt Ltd, 11 Community Centre, Panchsheel Park, New Delhi—110 017, India Penguin Group (NZ), Cnr Airborne and Rosedale Roads, Albany, Auckland 1310, New Zealand (a division of Pearson New Zealand Ltd) Penguin Books (South Africa) (Pty) Ltd, 24 Sturdee Avenue, Rosebank, Johannesburg 2196, South Africa Penguin Books Ltd, Registered Offices: 80 Strand, London WC2R ORL, England First published in 2005 by Viking Penguin, a member of Penguin Group (USA) Inc. 13579 10 8642 Copyright © Jared Diamond, 2005 All rights reserved Maps by Jeffrey L. Ward LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING IN PUBLICATION DATA Diamond, Jared M. Collapse: how societies choose to fail or succeed/Jared Diamond. p. cm. Includes index. ISBN 0-670-03337-5 1. Social history—Case studies. 2. Social change—Case studies. 3. Environmental policy— Case studies. I. Title. HN13. D5 2005 304.2'8—dc22...
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...Dan Brown Deception Point Deception Point by Dan Brown Acknowledgments With warm thanks to Jason Kaufman for his superb guidance and insightful editorial skills; Blythe Brown for her tireless research and creative input; my good friend Jake Elwell at Wieser & Wieser; the National Security Archive; the NASA Public Affairs Office; Stan Planton, who continues to be a source for information on all things; the National Security Agency; glaciologist Martin O. Jeffries; and the superb minds of Brett Trotter, Thomas D. Nadeau, and Jim Barrington. Thanks also to Connie and Dick Brown, the U.S. Intelligence Policy Documentation Project, Suzanne O’Neill, Margie Wachtel, Morey Stettner, Owen King, Alison McKinnell, Mary and Stephen Gorman, Dr. Karl Singer, Dr. Michael I. Latz of Scripps Institute of Oceanography, April at Micron Electronics, Esther Sung, the National Air and Space Museum, Dr. Gene Allmendinger, the incomparable Heide Lange at Sanford J. Greenburger Associates, and John Pike at the Federation of American Scientists. Author’s Note The Delta Force, the National Reconnaissance Office, and the Space Frontier Foundation are real organizations. All technologies described in this novel exist. “If this discovery is confirmed, it will surely be one of the most stunning insights into our universe that science has ever uncovered. Its implications are as far-reaching and awe-inspiring as can be imagined. Even as it promises answers to some of our oldest questions, it poses still...
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