...Five Stages of Nursing Theory and Philosophy NU 500 UNIT 1 June 6, 2012 Jeanne Greer, RN Saint Joseph's University Five Stages of Nursing Theory and Philosophy Nursing has made phenomenal achievement in the last century that has led to the recognition of nursing as an academic discipline and a profession. According to Fawcett (1980), a move towards theory-based practice has made nursing meaningful (p. 10). When talking about nursing theory development, it is important to identify the stages that nursing theory development has gone through to define and guide nursing practice. It is widely believed that the use of theory offers structure and organization to nursing knowledge. George (2002) defined theory as “a set of concepts, definitions, relationships, and assumptions or propositions derived from nursing models or from other disciplines and project a purpose, systematic view of phenomena by describing, explaining, predicting, and/or prescribing”(p. 3). Theory development seeks to help the nurse understand the practice in a more complete and insightful way and provides a method of identifying and expressing key ideas about the essence of practice. Theory development is a complex, time consuming process that covers a number of stages or phases from inception of concepts to testing of theoretical propositions through research (Taylor & Renpenny 2011) Kidd and Morrison (1988) described five stages of nursing theory development (McEwen &Wills...
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...MODULE 2: Theory Development in Nursing Discuss the five development of nursing theory. Silent Knowledge Stage is the period where nurses practice blind obedience to medical authority. Trainings of nurses and student nurses were limited to hospital settings. There is no independent decision-making by the nurse, and technical skills can only be performed by skilled nurses. Hospital schools believed that the nursing education comprises only of learning technical skills and that there is no need to be educated of theory. It is in this stage that nurses are dependent to doctors, and they carry out orders no questions asked. Received Knowledge Stage is the time when nurses were encouraged to be registered as a professional by taking up state licensure, and pursue graduate education to study nursing functions and purposes. Prominent nursing organizations were formed and books containing lessons on nursing research and theories were published. The publication of the Journal of Nursing Research was then set forth, which goal, according to Parker (2006), was to promote scientific productivity and report scientific investigations for nursing, and contains papers on a variety of topics in relation to health care and current policies. This drove nurses in graduate education to inspire other nurses scholars to improve their awareness on theories and their skills in practice. Subjective Knowledge Stage is the period where authority was internalized and new sense of self emerged...
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...A nursing theory is a structured framework of concepts and purposes intended to guide the nursing practice. Nursing theories are important in nursing practice as they allow the nurses to use their critical thinking and analytical skills to improve concept comprehension. The use of nursing theories in the practice can bring new knowledge and can influence the future nursing practice. Nursing theories developed to describe the nursing care, guide the nursing practice and provide a foundation for clinical decision making. The foundation of the nursing theory was placed by Florence Nightingale. The first nursing theory established in the late 1800s when there was a strong emphasis on the nursing education took place. There are several nursing...
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...Nursing Theory Development Stephanie Woina St Joseph’s College of Maine Nursing Theory Development The nursing world is abundant with different theories to guide people through nursing practice. Each theory varies depending on the theorist and their knowledge base in nursing. The nursing profession has grown and changed since the days of Florence nightingale and the stages of nursing theory development reflect this. The initial stage of nursing theory, the silent knowledge stage lasted from the 1860s up until WWII. Once the American Medical Association realized the relationship between nursing and patients’ health, formal training for nurses began in 1872 at the New England Hospital. The training that followed for nurses took place in hospitals and was led by physicians and hospital administrators. This nursing education was very technical and focused on following physician orders without question. The nurses were treated poorly, overworked and looked at as labors to blindly follow a doctor’s lead (McEwen & Wills, 2011). Their scope of practice was very limited during this time, there was no independent thinking and nursing were thought of as subservient to physicians and taught to follow their orders without question. According to Parker and Smith, before World War II nurses did not take blood pressures or give injections because “they did not claim the use of these techniques to facilitate their nursing” (2010, p. 22). While nursing education has evolved...
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...Basic concepts in nursing science School of Nursing Medical University March, 2005 Introduction 1. Definition of nursing science 2. Four basic concepts that affect and determine the nursing practice (1) Human being (2) Environment (3) Health (4) Nursing Human being 1. The human being is a uniform whole （entirety） (1) Concept of a whole (2) The uniform whole of human being 1) Physiological 2) Psychological 3) Social 4) Spiritual 5) Cultural 3. The human being is an open system (open whole) (1) Close system (2) Open system 4. The scope of human being in nursing (1) Individual (2) Family (3) Community (4) Society Basic goal of human being: To maintain the balance of organism 1) Balance among subsystems of an organism 2) Balance between organism and its environment (internal environment and external environment) 2. Basic need of human being (1) Definition of basic need 1) Need 2) Basic need of human being (2) Types of basic need 1) Physiological need 2) Social need 3) Affective need 4) Cognitive need 5) Spiritual need (3) Characteristics of basic need 1) Approximately same basic need 2) The importance of each need for each person is different 3) All the basic needs are interconnected and interactive (4) Factors that affect meeting needs ...
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...Socialisation process in Nursing The process by which we acquire the culture of the society into which we are born- the process by which we acquire our social characteristics and learn the ways of thought and behaviour considered appropriate in our society is called socialisation. (Bilton, 1987) Socialization is a lifelong process that begins with learning the norms and roles of the family and subculture, and making self-concept. Norm – specific guideline for actions – a rule that says how people should behave in certain circumstances (Duffy, 2013) As individuals grow older and join new groups and assume new roles, they learn new norms and redefine their self-concept (Brinkerhoff et al, 2007) From the psychological and sociological perspective, the concept of socialization has been defined as a state in which an individual is accommodated within a particular cultural group (Ryynänen, 2001). According to Davis (1968), professional socialization of student nurses was introduced in the literature as early as 1958 (Tradewell, 1996). Professional socialization is a critical aspect of nursing students' development, which begins with entry into the nursing program and continues with entry into the workforce (Chitty, 2005) There is many definitions of the socialisation process in nursing however they all mainly say that it is the development of a professional identity through the acquisition of knowledge, skills, attitudes, beliefs, values, norms, and ethical standards in order to...
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...University where she is studying cellular biology. Jane is a bright student who studies a lot and also works part time in the Universities’ research center which gives her extra cash. She admits that she has been having a dry cough for some months which she associated with allergies. She also relates her inability to ride her bike to her allergies. Jane smokes at least one packet of cigarettes on a daily basis, and during assessment appears to be in the pre-contemplation stage. Jane had six months earlier tested positive for hepatitis B. This surprised her a lot because she was asymptomatic. Though she denies drug use, she admits to having multiple sexual partners. She does not want to be in a long-term relationship because she claims it could complicate her life. She also admits to not using protection on a regular basis. Erikson (Burke, 2010) described eight stages through which an individual passes through to adulthood. Every phase is established on successful completion of earlier phases of development. If the challenge is not completed it is expected to re appear in future as a new problem. The psychosocial crisis in later adolescence is individual identity...
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... Historical Perspective Essay: Dorothea Orem Introduction The foundation for the nursing profession that provides principles to generate knowledge defines nursing theory. Successful nurses must be rooted in theory and understand the philosophy that drives their actions. Dorothea Orem is a nurse with a vision that studied human behavior, with the core concept of self-care in the patient/nurse relationship. This paper seeks to explain Dorothea Orem’s Theory including the contribution of her research as it relates to nursing development and paradigms of nursing. Dorothea Orem Caring for one’s self, as Dorothea Orem believes, is the responsibility of each person. “Self care is a deliberate, learned action performed by a person who has the powers and developed capacities to regulate their own functions in order to contribute and maintain their personal well-being” (Seed & Torkelson, 2012, p. 394-395). Orem believes that the responsibility of care is the patient’s, although at times, nursing care will be necessary. “The goal of nursing practice is to assist patients to become adequately prepared to engage in their own care, and thus, have improved patient outcomes and a better quality of life” (Simmons, 2009, p. 419). Orem’s theory contains three different systems, or stages; wholly compensatory, partially compensatory, and educative stage. A person requiring complete assistance, such as being in a coma, is said to be wholly compensatory. ...
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...Critical Thinking Concept Analysis During exposition of the nursing theory, there is a general understanding that concepts are the ones which are building blocks explaining a phenomenon and providing structure to science. Moreover, concepts contribute to theory development and strengthen nursing practice through research, plus via concept analysis, many vague terms gain a valuable meaning at the same time improving a quality of care (Bousso, Poles, Cruz, 2013). Therefore, one of the crucial concepts in nursing, in my opinion, is critical thinking which Facione (2013) is identified as cognitive skills which include interpretation, analysis, evaluation, inference, explanation, and self-regulation. Consequently, those presumptively acquired attributes...
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...population of senior citizens that is reaching an alarming rate and many are plagued with health issues that need moderate to immediate attention. Many of the elderly are in nursing facilities that look after the well beings of these citizens and some are in facilities that assist them in the day-to-day living. The need for advance care for these citizens consist of individuals of license and/or certification professionals such as nurses, nursing assistants, doctors, nurse practitioners, and others that looks after the well beings of these individuals to maintain a quality of life that is beneficial for the final stages of survival. Key words: senior citizens, advance care, nurses, nursing assistant, quality of life Introduction Senior citizens face an enormous amount of change in older years than in formal years of youth, because of many change that take place in the formal years of growing older, senior citizen began to prepare for the late stage of life. The elderly that are in considerable good health continue to maintain active life styles, while those that are in moderate to poor health seek aid to maintain a quality of life that will be beneficial to them. Senior citizens that find themselves in moderate to poor health or often relocated from their homes into nursing facilities that have 24 hours of care provided for them 7 days a week and employ staff members that will attend to the need and safety of these individuals. Individuals that...
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...Theory Paper On Novice to Expert Abstract The profession of nursing is an experience where there is much professional growth and development to be gained. This being said it starts at the beginning with what is learned from teachings to students to what is taught to the professional nurse, taking that information and applying it to the skills in the nursing profession. Having the competency gives a nurse the confidence to take care of their patient with confidence. With the increased patient acuity and the least amount of time for the patient hospitalization, technology has to be proficient and user friendly. Technology today has come so far from ten years ago, that the nursing professionals that graduated do not have the skills that are required today with out the teachings of another. To develop the competency is only the first step to becoming an experienced nurse, this is developed over the years through teachings and support of others. But even with this help many nurses become stressed and being incompetent and search else where for employment. Patricia Benner used a theory of developmental skills, using five different stages to establish a clinical development in the practice of nursing. Here she takes into account increments in skilled performance based upon experience as well as education (Brenner, 1982). “Dr. Patricia Benner introduced a concept saying that expert nurses develop skills and understanding of patient care over time through a sound...
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...www.med.monash.edu www.med.monash.edu NUR1010 FOUNDATIONS OF NURSING AND MIDWIFERY PRACTICE Concepts of health, illness & human development OBJECTIVES • • • • • • Begin to develop their understanding of what nursing and midwifery involves. Discuss the concept of health. Discuss the concepts of human development. Describe factors that influence health across the lifespan. Begin to develop an understanding of the concepts surrounding person centeredness. Discuss the role of the nurse in infection control and prevention 1 2 www.med.monash.edu www.med.monash.edu 2009 Number Nursing Statistics Clinician Clinical management & Adm. Clinical nursing Average age (years) Average hours worked per week Definition of Nursing Nursing: encompasses autonomous and collaborative care of individuals of all ages, families, groups and communities, sick or well and in all settings. Nursing includes the promotion of health, prevention of illness and the care of ill, disabled and dying people. Advocacy, promotion of a safe environment, research, participation in shaping health policy and in patient and health systems management and education are also key nursing roles International Council of Nurses 2002 250,786 29,971 220,815 44.1 47.3 43.7 33.2 39.2 32.4 Non-clinician Lecturing, education and or supervision of new nurses Research Other 25,965 9,570 2,325 14,070 46.4 45.0 45.1 47.6 33.9 36.7 34.2 54 Total 276,751 44.3 ...
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...Human Lifespan Development PSY 6668 Dr. John Alberty April 14, 2016 Physical, Cognitive, and Socioemotional Development The population is described as fifteen female adolescents ranging from ages 11 to 17 years old. Although this population of females come from a diverse cultural and ethnic background they are linked by similar physical and mental issues. The females of First Step Psychiatric Residential Treatment Facility are categorized as clinically obese and 2 out of the 15 observed have asthma. Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), Bipolar, Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), anxiety, psychosis, and Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) are just some of the diagnoses these young ladies are plagued by, with some of them having multiple diagnoses. The female adolescents are currently a part of a 24-hour psychiatric residential treatment program where they can be housed from a minimum of three months up to a maximum of two years. Summary of “Normal” Development Generally, puberty serves as a marker for the beginning of adolescence. In female adolescents the breasts make an appearance or become larger and pubic and underarm hair become visible. The average female adolescent will have a growth spurt at about nine years old and peak at 11 ½ years old, their hips widen, and they have their first menstruation (Santrock, 2015, p. 342). Hormones also began to play a role in both physical and psychological development with the rate...
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...Theoretical Foundations of Practice Historical Development of Nursing Timeline The purpose of this paper is to explain the historical development of nursing science by presenting different theorists and their theories with explicit events and years in the history of nursing, and inform on the affinity between the profession and nursing science. This paper also includes the importance of nursing science of other disciplines such as psychology, anthropology, education, philosophy, religion and the social science. The history of professional nursing starts with Florence Nightingale, who is considered the mother of nursing science. Nightingale placed emphasis on good nutrition and hygiene, efficiency of this practice had a positive impact when this method reduced the spread of infections and made a huge difference in the survival rate of soldiers in the Crimean war in the mid -1850s. In 1859, she published her famous nursing notes “What is and what is not” Although Nightingale wrote this book with the intention to give clues to those taking care of the health of others; ("Florence Nightingale and the Crimean War," 2008) it turned out to be a great educational and role model method which is clinically used to present. And it is a great example of evidence- based practice. In 1860 in London the school of Nightingale was opened, and the American Red Cross was founded by Clara Barton in 1881 ("Nursing Theory Definition”) Abraham Maslow proposed the theory...
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...DOROTHEA OREM Dorothea Orem Jennifer VandenEykel University of Phoenix NUR 403 Theories and Models of Nursing Practice January 8, 2012 Mary McGill, RN, MSN DOROTHEA OREM Nursing Theorist Grid Theorist Selected: Dorothea Orem Description of Theory: “ The central philosophy of the self-care deficit Nursing theory is that all patients want to care for themselves, and they are able to recover more quickly and holistically by performing their own self-care as much as they are able. “ ( Nursing-theory.org, 2011) There are three requirements to the self-care theory. The first requirement is the patient to be able to obtain basic human needs: air, food, rest and water. The second area that is a necessity is the maturity level the ability of that person to know when there is a chance of compromise in their growth and development. The final are is when it is necessary for the nurse to step in to provide care, support and education for the patient to maintain health. To summarize the beliefs of Dorothea Orem she strongly believes that a person should strive to provide care for themselves and members of their family. When a person is able to meet the standard self care needs and maintain the proper state of well-being according to their developmental stage they are at an optimal state of health. A person must take opportunities presented to them for receiving education about preventing health problems. Ultimately a person is either independent...
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