...Government officials should ban laying pipelines on Native American reservations. The word sovereign means to “possess supreme or ultimate power” (dictonary.com). According to this definition, tribes located on reservations should be able to decide what they want. However, this is far from the case. The US Government wants to lay pipelines...
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...the history of the Standing Rock Sioux tribe. Notably, these people were initially highly decentralized. The Fort Laramie treaty in 1868 reduced the tribe’s land to the state line of South Dakota in the west and the east of Missouri River. The tribe considers the Black Hills a sacred land, which is located in the middle of their territory. Five years after the treaty, gold was discovered in the Black Hills, and the government wished to exploit it ("History"). Therefore, the tribe was negotiated into renting or selling their lands. However, Sitting Bull, their spiritual leader, declined the offers. It led to a series of negotiations...
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...Dakota Access Pipeline For many political and environmentally significant reasons I am against the Dakota Access Pipeline. For instance, our president Donald Trump has had stocks in the pipeline, and sold them off last summer to avoid a conflict of interest. However, the chief executive Kelcy Warren, of the pipeline company, Energy Transfer Partners (ETP), has made generous contributions to his political campaign. It appears Trump deliberately made the stocks for this company soar (Mufson, 2016). Secondly, the pipeline runs through sacred land according to the Sioux tribe and there are concerns it will contaminate their drinking water (Worland, 2016). Many protesters were arrested for their diligence in standing with the Sioux tribe in Standing...
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...died as hero to many Native Americans. Sitting Bull’s Native American name is Tatanka-Iyotanka which describes a buffalo sitting unyieldingly on its rear end and legs. To his people in the Lakota area he’s known as Hunkpapa Lakota chief. He was born in 1831 near the Grand River which would now be called South Dakota. Sitting Bull is the Son of sioux warrior named Returns-Again. He wanted to follow his father's footsteps but lacked interest in warfare. Sitting bull is a man of His leadership qualities...
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...speech to modify their world, while physically transforming that landscape with fire and water, brawn and brain. They did not passively adapt, but responded in diverse ways to adjust environments to meet their cultural as well as material desires. The pace of change in Indian environments increased dramatically with Euroamerican contact. Old World pathogens and epidemic diseases, domesticated plants and livestock, the disappearance of native flora and fauna, and changing resource use patterns altered the physical and cultural landscape of the New World. Nineteenth-century removal and reservation policies reduced the continental scope of Indian lands to mere islands in the stream of American settlement. Reservations themselves were largely unwanted or remote environments of little perceived economic value. Indian peoples lost even that land as the General Allotment Act of 1887 divided reservations into individual holdings. By 1930, this policy...
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...Energy Transfer Partners are strictly only the transporters of the oil, if the pipeline wasn’t being built in the United States would be built elsewhere, causing the prices not to change in the United States as well. Pipelines in general are much more safe and efficient when compared to other modes of transportations with it actually being more environmentally friendly as opposed to other modes of transportation. Due to all of this information about the pipeline, it should be allowed to be built. This issue can be considered to be based around the idea that there can be no perfect world. The Standing Rock Sioux Native American Tribe are in the wrong place at the wrong time when it really comes down to terms with it, it has nothing to do with Energy Transfer...
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...Essay on Native American Environmental Issues by David R. Lewis This essay is taken from Native America in the Twentieth Century: An Encyclopedia, edited by Mary B. Davis and published in 1994 by Garland Publishers of New York. The encyclopedia includes additional essays on mining, natural resource management, hunting and fishing rights, and economic development. It's a highly recommended resource. Reprinted without permission for educational purposes. Traditionally Native Americans have had an immediate and reciprocal relationship with their natural environments. At contact, they lived in relatively small groups close to the earth. They defined themselves by the land and sacred places, and recognized a unity in their physical and spiritual universe. Their cosmologies connected them with all animate and inanimate beings. Indians moved in a sentient world, managing its bounty and diversity carefully lest they upset the spirit "bosses," who balanced and endowed that world. They acknowledged the power of Mother Earth and the mutual obligation between hunter and hunted as coequals. Indians celebrated the earth's annual rebirth and offered thanks for her first fruits. They ritually addressed and prepared the animals they killed, the agricultural fields they tended, and the vegetal and mineral materials they processed. They used song and ritual speech to modify their world, while physically transforming that landscape with fire and water, brawn and brain. They did not passively...
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...lifestyles, diverse gatherings of Ind. reacted in various routes in the fading many years of the nineteenth century; the Crow, Arik., Pawn., and Shosh. battled close by the U.S. Armed force against their old foes, the Sioux, with an end goal to clutch their territories. •Indians who declined to remain on reservations gambled being chased down; in 1877, the armed force requested the Nez Percé to come into the reservation or be chased down; the Nez Percé fled to Canada to escape constrainment; halted to rest after 1,300 miles, just 50 miles from flexibility; American fighters assaulted; the Nez Percé surrendered to U.S. Armed force fighters following a five-day attack. •Apache tribes turned to outfitted resistance and consummated an attempt at manslaughter guerrilla fighting that threatened white pioneers and perplexed the armed force in the 1880s; Geronimo over and over drove Apache warrior assaulting parties off the reservation; inevitably surrendered to General Nelson Miles in 1886; government captured about five hundred Apaches, however less than three dozen had been antagonistic, and sent them as detainees to Florida, where more than a fourth of them kicked the bucket; in 1892, the Apaches were moved to Fort Sill in Oklahoma and after that later to New...
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...Dakota Access Pipeline near the Standing Rock Sioux Reservation in North Dakota” (Newton). Like many times before, this recommences the unstable relationship between the American government and the Native Americans. When viewing the relationship between Native Americans and the U.S. government, one might notice a long history of give and take between the two. Furthermore, the timeline depicts the government’s repetitiveness of constantly taking back from Native Americans, from the Trail of Tears during the 17th century to the present day’s Dakota pipeline (Newton). Meanwhile, Native Americans have complied with many laws that have been made concerning aspects of their life, as well as contributing to America's economic system and protecting the environment. “Native American tribes use their land to grow ponderosa pines, Douglas firs, and other carbon crops that pull carbon out of the atmosphere. The tribes sell carbon credits to companies in the United States and Europe to offset pollution” (Newton). In the end, it can be shown that the government ultimately gets the upper hand of most situations, as detailed in political cartoons available today. For example, one popular cartoon illustrates the dispute between protesters and the government and police (Sack). One side depicts the Native Americans in their traditional stance of protecting their environment. Conversely, the other side of the image, representing the U.S. government, offers two men standing beside the dakota pipeline...
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... 2 “Go West Young Man” (Greeley, H. 1865) and West is where we went. Which marked the beginning of the end of the American Indians way of life. A life that was once peaceful and prosperous for the Sioux Indians was about to change drastically. Throughout history, the Sioux Indians, had to fight physical and emotional battles, in trying to retain their land and dignity. Following a time line, the American Indians were treated unjustly, as I will show starting with the Bozeman Trail and continuing on with The Great Sioux Reservation, Custer’s expedition, Battle of the Little Big Horn, Ghost Dancers, Wounded Knee, Citizenship Act of 1924, The Indian Reorganization Act, and The American Movement(AIM). The terrains were rough, being brutal and forcibly tough, especially for the new settlers who came west, when there was talk of gold. John Jacobs and his partner John M. Bozeman established in 1863 a trail that went through Wyoming and Montana that connected the Oregon Trail. The Bozeman trail was much shorter and more direct, even though, it was a much better wagon road, however it had its...
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...rates of heart attack, and lung cancer. Standing Rock Sioux Reservation – Hindsight not 20/20 The Dakota Access Pipeline is an underground pipeline that runs under the Standing Rock Sioux Reservation. Conservation groups and Native Americans worried about the oil pipeline and its potential for a leak. Native Americans were worried especially that if there were to be an oil leak it would jeopardize the safety of the water in the Missouri River, their main source of drinking and irrigation water. Despite years of protest, the oil pipeline was completed and less than a month later it began to spill. In the time the pipeline has been finished it has leaked over 8 times and continues to contaminate the soil. There has been no report if the leak has reached the Missouri River. Listed below are some of the international examples of environmental racism. Niger Delta, Nigeria – The Oil Curse The wealth of oil has been a blessing and a curse for the residents of the Delta region in Nigeria. Oil companies such as Shell and Chevron have paid the government of the country immensely but have not paid much attention to the residents of the area. Without the consulting the native residents, oil companies have desecrated their ancestral lands, tainted the water sources and contaminated the soil. Although residents protest the degradation of the land the corrupt government continues to take the side of the oil companies. Violence continues to rock the area as protests and the response to those...
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...The Lakota And Mapuche Healing Practices Across a large distance, two cultures will be dissected to show how health and care is administered to the people of the Lakota and Mapuche. I will show the ways in which they are alike and different. Also discussed will be the pros and cons of their practices in reference to modern, western medicine. All have factors that affect the ability to provide the best care to the people of their lands. This paper will also dive into the history from which the techniques come and discuss how the changes that have been made to the techniques are changing the people and will continue to affect them into the future. One thing that is common and ubiquitous between the two tribes is that most of their knowledge was passed down orally. The primary healer in Mapuche medicine were the Machi, or Mapuche shaman. These shaman would use a variety of techniques to heal those who sought them which largely involved altered states of consciousness including dreams, visions and trances. In this altered state the Machi would often experience possession and rebirth. These techniques and stories were most commonly passed down orally through biographies and mythohistories which contain elements of normal linear story telling along with cyclical story telling. Time and events move along in a scientifically linear temporal fashion and yet events also repeat in similar formats, seeming to have ties to the past (Raimondi, 2013). In total there are three types...
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...state shares a Lake Superior water border with Michigan and Wisconsin on the northeast; the remainder of the eastern border is with Wisconsin. Iowa is to the south, North Dakota and South Dakota to the west, and the Canadian provinces of Ontario and Manitoba to the north. With 86,943 square miles (225,181 km²) or approximately 2.25% of the United States, Minnesota is the twelfth-largest state. Minnesota contains some of the oldest rocks found on earth, gneisses some 3.6 billion years old or 80% as old as the planet. About 2.7 billion years ago, basaltic lava poured out of cracks in the floor of the primordial ocean; the remains of this volcanic rock formed the Canadian Shield in northeast Minnesota. The roots of these volcanic mountains and the action of Precambrian seas formed the Iron Range of northern Minnesota. Following a period of volcanism 1.1 billion years ago, Minnesota's geological activity has been more subdued, with no volcanism or mountain formation, but with repeated incursions of the sea, which left behind multiple strata of sedimentary rock. In more recent times, massive ice sheets at least one kilometer thick ravaged the landscape of the state and sculpted its current terrain. The Wisconsin glaciation left 12,000 years ago. These glaciers covered all of Minnesota except the far southeast, an area characterized by steep hills and streams that cut into the bedrock. This area is known as the Drift less Zone for its absence of glacial drift. Much of the remainder of the...
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...people with a common background or with shared interests within a society (Meriam Webster, 2010). The Native American Indians are an identified community. They share a common history and have shared interests within their society. Theirs is a unique culture with rich traditions and beliefs that have been passed on through many generations; a culture very different from many typical US ones. Historically, Native American communities have encouraged interdependence among Indian youth, families, and community connections (Long, et al.,2006). As these communities foster interdependence, many Native American youth are faced with a one sided knowledge of American society. The reservation is all they know so they cannot acclimate to anything outside of the reservation. Unfortunately, Native American reservations are not very conducive to providing healthy, productive environments for their youth. Many children are raised by single parents or by members of their extended families due to the high rate of unemployment and alcoholism (Williams, 2009). There are significant risk factors attached to Native American youths...
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...2010 Census Demographic Profile Summary File 2010 Census of Population and Housing Technical Documentation Issued August 2011 DPSF/10-4 (RV) U.S. Department of Commerce Economics and Statistics Administration U.S. CENSUS BUREAU For additional information concerning the files, contact the Customer Liaison and Marketing Services Office, Customer Services Center, U.S. Census Bureau, Washington, DC 20233, or phone 301-763-INFO (4636). For additional information concerning the technical documentation, contact the Administrative and Customer Services Division, Electronic Products Development Branch, U.S. Census Bureau, Washington, DC 20233, or phone 301-763-8004. 2010 Census Demographic Profile Summary File 2010 Census of Population and Housing Issued August 2011 DPSF/10-4 (RV) Technical Documentation U.S. Department of Commerce Rebecca M. Blank, Acting Secretary Vacant, Deputy Secretary Economics and Statistics Administration Rebecca M. Blank, Under Secretary for Economic Affairs U.S. CENSUS BUREAU Robert M. Groves, Director SUGGESTED CITATION FILES: 2010 Census Demographic Profile Summary File— [machine-readable data files]/ prepared by the U.S. Census Bureau, 2011. TECHNICAL DOCUMENTATION: 2010 Census Demographic Profile Summary File— Technical Documentation/ prepared by the U.S. Census Bureau, 2011. ECONOMICS AND STATISTICS ADMINISTRATION Economics and Statistics Administration Rebecca M. Blank, Under...
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