...analyzed? Society deems it the duty of researchers to develop new medicines and technologies for the greater good and improve upon health. If patients have complete control in the use of their cells in any stage of the process, there would be no progress in research and medicine. Defining legal ownership of genetic information is not the only issue arising from this ethical dilemma. Other related issues include: How should human genomic data be generated and interpreted in the research setting? Should people who donated their cells be compensated for the findings based off them? To what extent do people have control and benefits from donating their cells to science? Who has the right to have access to other people’s cells and for what purposes will they be justified and legal? These ethical concerns will be explored further in the Lacks and Moore cases. The definition of “property rights is equivalent to a ‘bundle of rights’ such as right to possess, right to exclude, right to use, right to dispose, rights to enjoy the fruits or profit and right to destroy.” (Bahadur 2004). The primary protagoinists for the owership of cells and genetic information are reserachers and patients who donated their cells. Donators are willing giving their cells and genetic information to others for reasearch. The ulimate concern is if patients have the ability to determine what is done to their cells at various stages of research. Moore argued in his case that he had the right to determine the usage...
Words: 1503 - Pages: 7
...scientific studies performed with the HeLa cells were surprisingly extreme to an extent. I wouldn’t actually believe that scientists at the time would have the audacity to infect people with HeLa cells, especially without being properly told what was going on. Chester Southam, a virologist, was the main culprit of these unethical trials. He continued to inject hundreds of people with cancer without their consent. According to a statement written by Southam, people were too ignorant and scared to know the truth about the cancer injections (Skloot, 2010, p.130). I am also surprised by the fact that Henrietta has white in her blood. Another interesting finding within the book was that John Hopkins, a philanthropist, donated his fortune, shortly before his death, to build John Hopkins Hospital and he wrote a letter to outline his wishes: to have Hopkins serve all races. However, John Hopkins Hospital was known to abduct black folks from the streets for experimentation. Black people in the community believed that Hopkins was built in a black neighborhood for that exact purpose. I find these stories hard to believe because of these actions are clearly unethical and illegal. On the other hand, racial discrimination could play a role in why investigations may not have taken place. After analyzing the events that occurred after Henrietta’s death, the world in my eyes has changed drastically. Racial discrimination has always plagued African Americans. My prior judgments came from my knowledge on...
Words: 672 - Pages: 3
...THE JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY MODEL CLINICAL TRIAL AGREEMENT – INDEX 1. STATEMENT OF WORK 2. INVESTIGATOR 3. PAYMENT 4. RECORDKEEPING, REPORTING, ACCESS 5. PROPRIETARY INFORMATION AND CONFIDENTIALITY 6. STUDY DATA 7. PUBLICATION AND STUDY REGISTRATION 8. INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY 9. TERM AND TERMINATION 10. INDEMNIFICATION 11. PATIENT CARE COSTS 12. NOTICES 13. INDEPENDENT CONTRACTORS AND ASSIGNMENT 14. DISCLOSURE OF INDIVIDUALLY IDENTIFIABLE HEALTH INFORMATION 15. DUTY TO UPDATE REGARDING SAFETY INFORMATION 16. USE OF OTHER PARTIES’ NAMES 17. LIMITATION OF LIABILITY 18. WAIVER AND SEVERABILITY 19. CONTINUING OBLIGATION 20. FORCE MAJEURE 21. GOVERNING LAW 22. EXPORT CONTROLS 23. COUNTERPARTS 24. ENTIRE AGREEMENT; AMENDMENT THE JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY MODEL CLINICAL TRIAL AGREEMENT This Agreement (the “Agreement”) is entered into as of this ______ day of ______, 20____ (the “Effective Date”) by and between: THE JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY, having a School of Medicine with an Office of Research Administration located at 733 North Broadway, Suite 117, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205 (the “Institution”), employer of ________________ (the “Investigator”), and [SPONSOR NAME IN ALLCAPS], a corporation organized under the laws of the State of _____________, located at ________________ (the “Sponsor”). WHEREAS, Sponsor desires Institution to conduct a clinical study, and such study is of mutual interest...
Words: 3786 - Pages: 16
...Table of Contents WELCOME FROM ACADEMIC PROGRAM DIRECTOR ............................................................................ 1 MEET THE FACULTY................................................................................................................................... 2 ORIENTATION SCHEDULE ....................................................................................................................... 10 ACADEMIC CALENDAR ............................................................................................................................. 11 MASTER OF SCIENCE IN FINANCE PROGRAM SUMMARY ................................................................. 12 GETTING STARTED .................................................................................................................................. 13 JHED ID .................................................................................................................................................. 13 Blackboard FAQs .................................................................................................................................... 13 Integrated Student Information System (ISIS) ........................................................................................ 14 LIFE AT THE CAREY BUSINESS SCHOOL .............................................................................................. 15 HEALTH INSURANCE FOR STUDENTS...........................................
Words: 17730 - Pages: 71
...Marxism Within Black Theology of Liberation. This study seeks to expose the ways in which Black Theology of Liberation was shaped by Marxism through the writings of its founders, concentrating predominantly on the need to bring about the liberation of the poor African-Americans from their repressive white racist oppressors by any means necessary, and the redistribution of wealth to those deprived of it by their white capitalist oppressors. The theme of this researched remained embed in my mind during, and after the 2008-09 presidential campaign of former Sen. Barack Obama, when some of his political opponents thought it beneficial to disclose Obama’s connections to a Black Theology of Liberation. Through this research I seek not only to obtain a broader understanding of this particular theology of liberation, but also to understand the Marxist ideological concept within the Black Theology of Liberation. Towards the culmination of the decade which witnessed the peak of the Civil Rights movement, black churches throughout America in the 1960s began to search for avenues through which they could help their communities cope with racial discrimination. Caught between the contradicting preachings of Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X, a peculiar young theology student from Union Theological Seminary of New York City, James H. Cone, published his proposal for a Black Theology of Liberation titled Black Theology and Black Power (1969). This first scholarly work served...
Words: 5206 - Pages: 21
...act, because it did not benefit her treatment. Like many other minorities, she was afraid to question the judgment of Caucasian professionals. Doctors did not communicate with Henrietta to make any voluntary decisions about participating in a research, nor giving the understanding of the purpose, procedures, or risks. Moreover, doctors were undergoing ethical principles for respect of autonomy, veracity, and beneficence. Ultimately leaving her sterile at one point of the treatment. With much gray areas and debate on ethics we can improve on, it is vital that we learned from cases like the Tuskegee syphilis study, Nuremberg Code, and Declaration of Helsinki. We can shine a light on how can ethics can progress making example like these a watershed moment as medicine and human subject research often changes. Section 3 The Lacks family should be compensated for the medical research conducted with Henrietta's cells. These organizations earned billions of dollars through use of the cells and never paid credit to the Henrietta nor paid a single penny to her family living in poverty. This compensation should come directly from the private pharmaceutical companies and laboratories, such as Johns Hopkins University, and the countless other hospitals that used HeLa cells for medical research. “Henrietta made so many things possible in the medical field while her family can't even go to the doctor” (Skloot). The act of utilitarianism weighs the amount of pleasure for the course of action...
Words: 1292 - Pages: 6
...Professional Presence and Influence Rosemarie A. Richardson Western Governors’ University Introduction As humans we are constantly evolving. Our personal lives change as we grow older. We are constantly striving to help others understand who we are and how we create value. Our behavior and appearance communicate a mental picture that others observe and remember. Likewise, our professional presence as nurses can either introduce feelings of confidence or produce feelings of uncertainty. In essence, we are shaped by our experiences, and the experiences in nursing are sometimes so intense that we are changed by them. Professional Presence Nurses walk between two worlds, the material world of a scientist and the creative world of an artist. Koerner (2011). As nurses, our professional presence creates a window of what it means to be human by how we continue to care for each other. The emergence of new diseases, rapid increase of chronic illnesses opened the door for Dr. Larry Dossey a noted physician to introduce and provide his framework for Western medicine. In this framework, he focused on three areas of health and healing. The Mechanical /physical body (Era1), The Mind/Body (Era 2), and The Body/Mind/Spirit (Era 3). The Eras most significant to me are those of Era I and Era3. Era I also known as the Mechanical Era (1860’s) viewed health and illness as physical in nature. It was felt that a person’s consciousness was a by-product of the chemical, anatomic, and physiological...
Words: 3561 - Pages: 15
...evidence that these will not change in the future” Psychology Perspectives Structuralism, Functionalism, and Evolutionary theories each have similarities and differences among them. Both Structuralism and functionalism reflect the fact that consciousness is the subject matter, but both differ in how each should be studied. Evolutionary theory has potential to integrate conceptual approaches to study behavioral development for human adaption in both humans and animals which Structuralism and Functionalism stem form. Structuralism has many mental processes that are broken down into basic components. Functionalism forms a reaction to Structuralism which focuses on the purpose of both consciousness and behavior and emphasizes individual differences. Influenced by Darwin’s evolutionary theory, William James, John Dewey, James Rowland Angell, and Harvey A. Carr, all led a movement to determine what consciousness was and put it into its basic elements such as the study of sensations, feelings, and images. After one of Wilhelm Wundt’s students, E.B. Titchener advocated Structuralism in the United States. However, competition from an opposing school of thought called...
Words: 948 - Pages: 4
...destroyed in that so much time has passed. The purpose of Norton’s book is to provide perspective that is not available elsewhere and to clarify facts about the “accusers and confessors” (Literary Masterpieces, Critical Compilation, n.d.). This is valuable because it indicates that’s every outcome and event was speculated that and provides a different point of view. Also the story is closest to the actual events that occurred. In contrast, the fact that Norton is going back to the 1600s it makes it harder to trace information, therefore it may be hard to know much about the people and their background and opinion or statements. “Tituba, Reluctant Witch of Salem: Devilish Indians and Puritan Fantasies” is a book by Elaine G. Breslaw, published in 1996. Breslaw grew up in Massachusetts, went on to teach history at Morgan State Univ., American history courses at the University of Tennessee and still teaches at Johns Hopkins University and Goucher College in Baltimore. Breslaw also held a Fulbright Senior Lecture-Research Fellowship at the University of the West Indies in Barbados, wrote multiple books including, Witches of the Atlantic World: A Historical Reader and Primary Sourcebook (2000), and has contributed to the Encyclopedia of Environmental History (on witchcraft practices). She has been to Barbados giving her access to information that of the cultural reference of the enslaved brought to Massachusetts. Breslaw’s purpose in writing her book was to piece together the life...
Words: 598 - Pages: 3
...Fear of Aging and Death Name of Student Liberty University Abstract This paper addresses the fear of death and aging in America. The United States is a culture in which people are judged by their appearance. The media idealizes youth and feeds into the fallacy that becoming older is somehow negative. Thus, the identity of those who are growing older is undermined, and older Americans are often devalued. The reality, however, is that God has a plan for every phase of our lives. Research indicates that between the ages of 75 and 84, 73% report no disability, thus proving that older Americans are living long, healthy lives and are valuable assets to society (Vaillant & Mukamal, 2001). Appearance has no relevance on the contributions one can make in society. Furthermore, our fear of death is irrational. Death is often feared as a result of our diminishing faith in God and unbelief in the reality of eternal life through Jesus Christ. Death is not the end of life, but only the beginning of eternal life in a place free from illness, heartache and death. A Society Obsessed with Youth Americans are obsessed with youth and physical beauty. The average adult male in the United States spends thirty-two minutes getting ready in the morning (Hamermesh, 2011). The average adult female spends forty-four minutes (Hamermesh, 2011). Time is not the only thing Americans spend on their appearance. “In 2008, the average American household spent $718 on women’s and girl’s...
Words: 2741 - Pages: 11
...Clinton T. Ashe Professor: Dr. Janice Spagenburg February18, 2013 AUTISM SPECTRUM DISORDERS 2 Autism Spectrum Disorders Autism is a disorder that use to affect an estimated 3.4 out of every 1,000 children ages 3-10. And now research suggests that autism now affects 1 out of 110 children. These types of Disorders can cause disruption in families and unfulfilled lives for many children who have this disorder. Autism Spectrum Disorders range from a severe form which is called autistic disorder to a mild form known as Asperger syndrome. The risk for this disorder is higher for males than females. In 1942 while working at John Hopkins Hospital, Dr. Leo Kanner conducted a study with a group of 11 children and at the end of the study introduced the label of “early infantile autism” into the English language. During that same time frame and half way around the world, Dr. Hans Asperger described a lesser form of the disorder that became known as “asperger syndrome”. These two disorders have been described and are currently listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders as two out of five pervasive developmental disorders and are often referred to as autism spectrum disorders. These disorders are categorized by the variance in the degrees of impairment in communication skills, social interactions, and restricted, repetitive and stereotyped...
Words: 995 - Pages: 4
...Analyzing Goal Setting on Employee Motivation Assignment 5 Business Communication Johns Hopkins University Zhe Xu September 28, 2013 Executive Summary As an intern at Citibank for one month, I found that employees at Citibank do not focus on their work during their work time. In order to correct this low morale at Citibank, I proposed to use goal setting to improve employees’ behaviors. This research explores whether goal setting has a positive effect on employee motivation by borrowing models from predecessors’ research and social cognitive theory. An email-delivered descriptive survey addressed ten questions on how employees feel and whether they are motivated after they are assigned goals. My findings suggest that Citibank employees are highly motivated by goal setting. This study concludes that setting a high level and specific goal for Citibank employees is an effective way to motivate them. My recommendation for Citibank is to set exact goals and deadlines for each employee and develop a system of rewards and penalties. The employees who complete their goals efficiently and perfectly will earn a financial bonus and those who finish the goals after the deadline will receive a deduction of their salaries according to their performance. Background During the period when I was an intern at Citibank, I found that employees there were inefficient in their work. They were not punctual to work. Some came to work late, and some left work early. In addition, employees...
Words: 2739 - Pages: 11
...Social Self comprises two components: friendship and love. Friendship and love can be considered important. It enriches the significance of life and longevity. Loneliness and division from others can be connected with an individual lifespan. The Essential Self contains four components: spirituality, self-care, gender identity, and cultural identity. Spirituality has positive benefits that integrates one's existential intellect of meaning, purpose, and hopefulness toward life. The cultural identity and gender can be perceived based on the experience of others and how an individual may respond. Self-care plays the roles to positively live long. There are two factors of Physical Self factor; nutrition and exercise. In order for an individual to reach wellness, they must have good nutrition and keep fit. These two factors present longevity. Scenario. Dave, a 28 year-old male client was involved in accident while sitting on his porch. He was hit by a stray bullet during a drive by shooting on his block. Dave was rushed to Johns Hopkins Hospital emergency room in which they indicated that he suffered from a gunshot wound to his back and right shoulder. He had severe bleeding causing him to lose 30% of blood. Also, he was pale, cold and his major organs were began to be affected. He went into cardiac arrest and was revived by doctors. The gunshot wound cause damage to his nervous system leading him to be paralyzed from the waist down. The doctors informed Dave that he would...
Words: 1506 - Pages: 7
...Human Rights Paper One of the most undeniable and challenging foreign policy debates of the last several years has concerned the future of democracy and its role in human-rights law. The idea of Western societies encouraging democratization of non-western societies is believed to be cultural imperialism, which abuses the power of states in the developing world. However for the purpose of this paper, I view the support of democratization by Western societies as a positive approach to achieving the core significance of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights that is supposedly recognized by all states. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights was created on the notion of a common human race. It represents the first global expression of rights to which all human beings are naturally entitled. Of the fifty-eight countries that were members of the United Nations in 1948, forty-eight countries initially approved the document. Essentially all of the world’s states have approved it since then, which indicates that in any event its principle articles should be used by all states as an instrument in binding international law in spite of the presence of treaty ratification or state of war. Considering the fact that most countries have agreed to abide by the Declaration of Human Rights, it can be assumed that all states would have the intention to accomplish that in the best way possible. With the intentions of protecting essential human rights, the promotion of democratization...
Words: 1103 - Pages: 5
...State of Maryland – Risk Assessment Findings & Recommendations In the course of this Risk Assessment, we reviewed the statements that were made by Aviel. D. Rubin, professor at Johns Hopkins University, in his report dated July 23, 2013. In general, SAIC made many of the same observations, when considering only the source code. While many of the statements made by Mr. Rubin were technically correct. Mr. Rubin did not have a complete understanding of the State of Maryland’s implementation of the AccuVote-TS voting system, and the election process controls or environment. The State of Maryland procedural controls and general voting environment reduce or eliminate many of the vulnerabilities identified in the Rubin report. However, these controls, while sufficient to help mitigate the weaknesses identified in the July 23 report, do not, in many cases meet the standard of best practice or the State of Maryland Security Policy. This Risk Assessment has identified several high-risk vulnerabilities in the implementation of the managerial, operational, and technical controls for AccuVote-TS voting system. If these vulnerabilities are exploited, significant impact could occur on the accuracy, integrity, and availability of election results. In addition, successful exploitation of these vulnerabilities could also damage the reputation and interests of the SBE and the LBEs. This Risk Assessment also identified numerous vulnerabilities with a risk rating of medium...
Words: 887 - Pages: 4
