...| Competitive Advantage…………………………………………………………………….. | 4 | Five Force Analysis………………………………………………………………….. | 5 | Threats of Substitutes Products and Service…………………………………………. | 5 | Buyer Power…………………………………………………………………………. | 6 | Supplier Power………………………………………………………………………. | 7 | Rivalry Among Existing Competitors………………………………………………. | 7 | The Threat of New Entrants………………………………………………………… | 8 | Cost Leadership Generic Strategy…………………………………………………… | 8 | Differential Generic Strategy………………………………………………………… | 9 | Focus Generic Theory……………………………………………………………….. | 9 | Ebusiness……………………………………………………………………………………. | 10 | Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………………... | 11 | References…………………………………………………………………………………… | 12 | Abstract The purpose of this paper is to discuss business decisions and business strategies to gain competitive advantage based on Michael Porter’s Five Force Model and Porter’s Three Generic Strategies. The Five Force Model are buyer power, supplier power, threat of new entrants, threats of substitutes of products and services and rivalry among existing competitors. Further discussion includes determining which Porter’s Three Generic Strategies to use to rebuild a failing eatery located downtown called Broadway Café. The Three Generic Strategies are Cost Leadership Generic Strategy, Differential Generic Strategy and Focus Generic Strategy. I will also discuss how ebusiness can help the Broadway Café achieve a competitive advantage. Focus of ebusiness...
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...3H Strategy & International Business 2001-2002 Session 8 – Positioning & RBAs compared A. INTRODUCTION TO SESSION The past two Sessions have outlined a series of models and frameworks that provide insights into the external environment and the strategic capabilities possessed by organisations. Many of these models and frameworks have developed as a consequence of a twenty-year debate over the way in which organisations seek to develop sustainable competitive advantage. In broad terms, two distinct approaches have emerged from the debate about this central issue within strategy content: the positioning approach and the resource-based approach (or more accurately, approaches). Much of the debate has concentrated upon two key questions: • Is competitive advantage achieved by concentrating on either low cost or differentiation or should a strategy seek to exploit both low cost and differentiation? • Does an organisation develop strategy to respond to or shape the environment in which it exists – is strategy outside-in or inside-out? As the primary purpose of the tools of strategic analysis is to help organisations to develop and implement successful strategies, then an understanding of the underlying context in which these models and frameworks can be applied is an important requirement. By exploring the development of these competing approaches to competitive advantage and the debate between them, this Session sets out to provide this contextual understanding...
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...IKEA Answer of Question 1: The porter generic strategies This concerns the positioning of the firm in the industry where it operates, so Porter illustrates that the strengths of any firm can be deployed in one of the costs advantages or the differentiation advantages and for narrow scope in the industry. So the three Porter’s generic strategies are defined as. • Cost-leadership strategy. This calls for being low cost producer for a given level of quality and sell at the average of industry pricing to make profits or sell at below the average of the industry pricing to increase the market share. • Differentiation strategy. This calls for the development of the product and add value by finding unique attributes that make the customer different in using this product from the competitor’s products, and the uniqueness of these attributes will charge the customer higher prices than the competitors who are not able to find a substitutes easily. • Segmentation or (Focus) strategy. And this can be split into (focused differentiation, or focused low-cost). This calls for concentrating or targeting a narrow group of people and serving them by either low-cost products or differentiated products. The strategy clock This is an elaboration of the Porter’s generic strategies, and developed by Bowman to consider the competitive advantage of the firm in relation to the cost advantage or differentiation advantage. This is represented by combination of price axe and the perceived added...
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...A CRITIQUE OF PORTER’S COST LEADERSHIP AND DIFFERENTIATION STRATEGIES Y. Datta Ph.D., State University of New York at Buffalo Professor Emeritus College of Business Northern Kentucky University Highland Heights, KY 41099 (USA) 7539, Tiki Av. Cincinnati, OH 45243 USA Tel: (513) 984-1032 [Home] Fax: (513) 984-1032 E-Mail: datta@nku.edu A paper accepted for presentation at the 9th Oxford Business & Economics Conference to be held in Oxford, England, June 22-24. Table of Contents A Critique of Porter’s Cost Leadership and Differentiation Strategies 4 ABSTRACT 4 Key Words 4 INTRODUCTION 5 COST LEADERSHIP STRATEGY 5 Major Reliance on Modern Capital Equipment 7 Relying on the Experience Curve to Underprice Competition Risky 7 A Cost Leader Cannot Ignore Differentiation 8 No Such Thing as a "Commodity": Everything Can Be Differentiated 9 High Market Share a Prior Condition for Cost Leadership? 10 Porter Identifies High Market Share with Cost Leadership Strategy 10 Differentiation--Not Cost Leadership Alone--Behind GM’s and Whirlpool’s Success 11 “Low-Cost” or “Low-Price” Strategy? 12 Thompson and Strickland’s Low-cost Provider Strategy 14 Internal Orientation of Cost Leadership Strategy 14 DIFFERENTIATION STRATEGY 15 Superiority of Differentiation over Cost Leadership Strategy 16 Porter: Differentiation and High Market Share Incompatible 17 Differentiation Compatible with High Market Share--and Low Cost...
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...A CRITIQUE OF PORTER’S COST LEADERSHIP AND DIFFERENTIATION STRATEGIES Y. Datta Ph.D., State University of New York at Buffalo Professor Emeritus College of Business Northern Kentucky University Highland Heights, KY 41099 (USA) 7539, Tiki Av. Cincinnati, OH 45243 USA Tel: (513) 984-1032 [Home] Fax: (513) 984-1032 E-Mail: datta@nku.edu A paper accepted for presentation at the 9th Oxford Business & Economics Conference to be held in Oxford, England, June 22-24. Table of Contents A Critique of Porter’s Cost Leadership and Differentiation Strategies 4 ABSTRACT 4 Key Words 4 INTRODUCTION 5 COST LEADERSHIP STRATEGY 5 Major Reliance on Modern Capital Equipment 7 Relying on the Experience Curve to Underprice Competition Risky 7 A Cost Leader Cannot Ignore Differentiation 8 No Such Thing as a "Commodity": Everything Can Be Differentiated 9 High Market Share a Prior Condition for Cost Leadership? 10 Porter Identifies High Market Share with Cost Leadership Strategy 10 Differentiation--Not Cost Leadership Alone--Behind GM’s and Whirlpool’s Success 11 “Low-Cost” or “Low-Price” Strategy? 12 Thompson and Strickland’s Low-cost Provider Strategy 14 Internal Orientation of Cost Leadership Strategy 14 DIFFERENTIATION STRATEGY 15 Superiority of Differentiation over Cost Leadership Strategy 16 Porter: Differentiation and High Market Share Incompatible 17 Differentiation Compatible with High Market Share--and Low Cost...
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...Cost Leadership Strategy This strategy involves the firm winning market share by appealing to cost-conscious or price-sensitive customers. This is achieved by having the lowest prices in the target market segment, or at least the lowest price to value ratio (price compared to what customers receive). To succeed at offering the lowest price while still achieving profitability and a high return on investment, the firm must be able to operate at a lower cost than its rivals. There are three main ways to achieve this. The first approach is achieving a high asset turnover. In service industries, this may mean for example a restaurant that turns tables around very quickly, or an airline that turns around flights very fast. In manufacturing, it will involve production of high volumes of output. These approaches mean fixed costs are spread over a larger number of units of the product or service, resulting in a lower unit cost, i.e. the firm hopes to take advantage of economies of scale and experience curve effects. For industrial firms, mass production becomes both a strategy and an end in itself. Higher levels of output both require and result in high market share, and create an entry barrier to potential competitors, who may be unable to achieve the scale necessary to match the firms low costs and prices. The second dimension is achieving low direct and indirect operating costs. This is achieved by offering high volumes of standardized products, offering basic no-frills products...
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...Figure 2.2: foundation of aligned supply chains CHAPTER 2.3: PORTER’S ANALYSIS According to Porter, companies must look for having a superior comparable performance regarding competitors in the same industry, and described that the competitive advantage is to have a profitability level greater than those in the industry on the long run. He also described the cost leadership and the differentiation as the two types of competitive advantage a company can have, depending on the sources on which it is based on. In 1985, Professor Porter defined competitive advantage as the ability of adding value in the eyes of consumers, meaning the value perceived might be superior than the sum of the amount of costs related to the production processes. Subsequently, Porter’s conception of strategy is that it is a matter of competitive position, that a company creates by differentiating themselves in the eyes of its valuable customers, including a process of adding value along a structure of different activities interrelated in a way imperceptible for competitors, and so that this complex mix differs from those created or used by competitors. By 1980, Porter defined the competitive strategy as all the offensive or defensive actions a company does in order to create a favorable and sustainable position within an industry with the objective of having a superior performance which at the end will be convert as a considerable ROI (return over investment). Additionally, he explained that these actions...
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...Dr. Robert Rowlett Choosing a sustainable business strategy is not an easy choice but there are companies who have done it and continue to do so. One such company is Amazon.com who first opened their virtual doors in 1994 and “emerged from the dot-com bubble one of the few winners and continued to blaze a trail of impressive growth (from about $4 billion in 2002 to nearly $20 billion in 2008),” (Johnson, 2010.) Companies like Amazon.com survive and thrive because of sound business decisions based upon sound business models. Their business model is based in strong management strategy. In this paper we will explore alternative Generic strategies, value disciplines, and grand strategies for Amazon.com based upon past performance focused on continued success. Generic Strategies “A long-term, or grand strategy must be based on a core idea about how the firm can best compete in the market place. The popular term for this core idea is generic strategy, from a scheme developed by Michael Porter,” (Pearce & Robinson, 2011). Porter believed that the generic strategy should be directly tied to the company’s performance in the marketplace in this way a firm could leverage its strengths and become stronger. Porter suggests that companies will subscribe to one or more of three types of generic strategies: Low-Cost Leadership, Differentiation, and Focus. Amazon.com has enjoyed the success of a focus strategy in the past. This strategy “concentrates on a narrow segment and within that segment...
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...ANALYSIS OF MICHAEL PORTER’S GENERIC STRATEGIES AND ITS USAGE IN A GLOBALIZED BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT THESIS - BACHELOR HONOURS IN BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION DIANA MARIA CAMACHO ARIAS TYPE OF DOCUMENT: DISERTATION TO OBTAIN THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR HONOURS IN BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION APPROVED BY UNIVERSIDAD DEL ROSARIO – FACULTAD DE ADMINISTRACION INSTITUTION: ÉCOLE INTERNATIONALE DE MONTPELLIER FRANCE, MONTPELLIER, MAY OF 2009 ANALYSIS OF MICHAEL PORTER’S GENERIC STRATEGIES AND ITS USAGE IN A GLOBALIZED BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT THESIS - BACHELOR HONOURS IN BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION DIANA MARIA CAMACHO ARIAS TYPE OF DOCUMENT: DISERTATION TO OBTAIN THE DEGREE OF BACHELOR HONOURS IN BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION APPROVED BY UNIVERSIDAD DEL ROSARIO – FACULTAD DE ADMINISTRACION TUTOR: TIDIANE AW INSTITUTION: ÉCOLE INTERNATIONALE DE MONTPELLIER FRANCE, MONTPELLIER, MAY OF 2009 DEDICATION I dedicate this dissertation to every person that has allowed it to be possible with the critics, to the teachers and tutors that have awaked in me the interest in this topic and also the passion for the businesses strategy, to my family that has always supported me to achieve my goals and to develop myself as a human being and also as a professional, and finally but not less important to Gabriel that has been a huge support to bring this dissertation to a satisafactory end. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This thesis would not have been possible without the generous assistance of the following...
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...STRATEGIES 5.3 Strategies In the previous section you have learnt the objectives for an organization and its key elements. However for an organization to achieve its objectives, the organization must craft or formulate strategies. The strategies are crafted for the purpose of achieving the objectives. In this way the organization will be able to achieve its mission and move closer to its vision. As you have learnt in the first module there are three levels of strategy. In this module we will further discuss the three levels of strategy. 5.3.1 Corporate strategy The following corporate strategy is discussed based on David (2007). For an overview of the different types of corporate strategy you can refer to Table 5.2. Table 5.2: Overview on Different Types of Corporate Strategy |Strategy |Definition | |Forward integration |Gaining ownership or increased control over distributors or retailers | |Backward integration |Seeking ownership or increased control of a firm’s suppliers | |Horizontal integration |Seeking ownership or increased control over competitors | |Market penetration |Seeking increased market share for present products or services in present markets...
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...The first company that Michael Porter discusses in class is Emerson Electric and the strategy that the company is using is based on producing low cost of their products to their customers. The director of the company Charles F. Knight explains how the company use different key points and how they win with it. First of all, Emerson Electric considered to be a low cost producer by which they give customers products with a low cost. In the video, Knight says that the company uses six key points and explains all of them and the first one is quality. The company focuses on the quality because if the customers now that the products are qualitative, than they would definitely buy it. You cannot be a best cost producer without producing a best quality. The second key point that the company focuses on is that the company focuses on competitors cost. By competitors cost, Knight means that they have to know what their competitors cost is and where the company is located at the moment and what they have to do in the future. Emerson Electric showed competitors products to their customers so they can understand the difference between one another. When you know the competitors cost, than you know how to communicate to your employees. He explains that people start to understand when they touch and feel the products. The third key point is the change and willingness to go after productivity which meant that the management of the corporation had to set the tone in the environment...
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...advantage, unit 5 mustafa.malik Contents Competitive Advantage 2 Low Cost Leadership 2 Differentiation 3 Focus on Niche 3 Resources required to execute these strategies 4 Competitive Advantage Objectives Measurement 4 References: 5 Competitive Advantage Businesses always look for a competitive advantage to look different and to offer something right for a selected target audience. Competitive advantage is to indentify customer’s needs, to develop a high quality product with a decent price and to deliver it better than the others. As stated by Cole Ehmke & M.S. a competitive advantage is to answer this question “Why should the customer purchase from this operation rather than the competition? (Cole Ehmke, M.S: 5-01)”. The key point is that a brand has loyal customers for a reason. These loyal customers are often the cause of a successful growing business that builds upon a strong competitive edge than the competitors as stated by Michael E. Porter, a “Competitive advantage is at the heart of a firm's performance in competitive markets (J Collins, Michael E. Porter: 102)”. A competitive advantage can be sourced through many factors such as a high quality product, a superior customer service, less price then rivals, better location, more reliable product than the competitor, better design and providing a better value for money. According to Porter these factors can be categorized into three generic types: 1. Low Cost Leadership Strategy 2. Differentiation...
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...leadership in the Malaysian education industry?” For the smaller PHEIs, it is a question of survival itself. This paper aims to provide a theoretical study of some of the key strategic activities of the leading PHEIs to answer this question. The literature review covering both foreign and local sources indicates three key factors of sustainable competitive advantage, i.e. branding and image, the physical aspects of higher education including location and facilities, and the mode of delivery. The paper will seek to identify these factors amongst the market leaders to ascertain the validity of the secondary data via critical analysis of their activities. The theoretical framework employed for the analysis will be Michael Porter’s Three Generic Strategies and Five Competitive Forces. The PHEIs have largely evolved into business entities and this development makes the framework appropriate for the study. 2082 2 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON BUSINESS AND ECONOMIC RESEARCH (2 ICBER 2011) PROCEEDING nd nd List of tables Table1. Summary of...
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...Porter’s Generic Strategy (SMM) 2. Mission Statement (SMM) 3. Defining the Business 4. Bowman’s Strategy Clock (SMM) 5. Strategies for Hypercompetitive Markets 6. Portfolio Management / BCG Matrix (3, 4) (SMM) 1. Porter’s Generic Strategy Porter suggested three alternative generic strategies: “Cost Leadership”, “Differentiation” and “Focus”. He suggested that these three generic strategies are mutually exclusive and that a company can therefore only pursue one if it is to be successful. Trying to pursue two or more generic strategies at the same time, Porter suggested, would result in what he termed being “stuck-in-the middle”. Cost Leadership For this strategy to be effective, Porter suggested that in order to be sustainable a company should have the lowest cost in the industry i.e be the “cost leader”. The company pursues economies of scale, low-cost supplies, basic product designs and minimum service levels. Example of companies competing on low cost includes Aldi and Ryanair in the airline industry. According to Porter, a cost leader must achieve parity or proximity in areas such as product quality and design relative to its competitors for it to survive, even though it relies on cost leadership for its competitive advantage. This means that the cost leader can translate its cost advantage into higher profits than competitors. The principal danger of a cost leadership strategy is that it is essentially a finance based strategy. In addition...
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...Global Strategy – Analysis and Practice BUSI 1271 This Lecture’s Focus & corresponding Learning Objectives The exploring Strategy model Moving from Strategic Analysis to Strategic Choice 4–3 Sources of Superior Profitability Basic Objective: Survival!!! RATE OF PROFIT ABOVE THE COMPETITIVE LEVEL INDUSTRY ATTRACTIVENESS Where to compete? CORPORATE STRATEGY How do we make money? COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE How should we compete? BUSINESS STRATEGY 4–4 Business Level Strategy Definition Competitive advantage is to be attained by achieving a strategic fit between an organisation’s internal capabilities & its external environment. In order to maintain strategic fit organisations will need to constantly scan their environment & adjust their internal capabilities in order to exploit opportunities as they arise. Key Concepts: Generic Strategy (Porter, 1985) The Strategy Clock (Bowman & D’Aveni, 1995) 4–5 The importance of Generic (Business) strategies: Example 1/2 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Increase (%) Ryanair EasyJet Lufthansa 26,6 24,3 50,9 33,4 29,6 51,3 40,5 32,9 53,4 49,0 37,2 62,9 57,7 43,7 70,5 65,3 46,1 76,5 145,5% 89,7% 50,3% British Airways Air FranceKLM 36,1 35,7 35,6 33,0 33,2 33,1 -8,3% 48,7 48,2 53,8 56,5 74,8 74,4 52,8% Total number of passengers (in millions) 4–6 The importance of Business strategies: Example 2/2 2004 Av. fare %>...
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