...sees the problem of teen drinking due to the fact that it is done in secret. He asserts that American teens look at drinking as “pregaming”. The goal of this is to get drunk. He maintains that teens abroad don’t have a tendency to do this because they don’t have to hide drinking. It is simply not needed because it is legal to drink there. Reid uses a logical fallacy we call “begging the question”. He claims that the US drinking age of 21 is the cause of teenage binge drinking in America; teenagers have to hide it because it is illegal. However, there are plenty of families in America, just as in the UK or abroad that allow their teens to drink, so they learn to do so “responsibly”. Reid ends his argument with the rhetorical technique “loaded question” when he says, “In the United States, our kids learn drinking is something to...
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...why not? c.What kind of evidence is being provided in support of the claims? d. Is the use of statistics or other numerical evidence credible? 4. How credible is the speaker as well as the sources cited? 5. What assumptions are underlying any claims being made? (at least 3 + assumptions) 6. Is the language that is being used loaded or slanted in any way? (at least 3 +) 7. Are there any logical fallacies (pp. 394-397) in the argument? (you need to find at least 6+ fallacies). You need to identify which sentences in the story are fallacies and specify which fallacy (or fallacies) they violate. For example: “If we cut down on the number of legacy admissions, what would happen to the college budget? We might not even be able to keep things running!” Slippery Slope 8. Is there anything important being left out of the presentation? Helpful Hints: To help you answer the questions, you will need to read Chapter 9a A. Assumptions presuppose (take for granted) something. For example, Hope “assumes” that her friend that works at the admissions office is reliable. B. Loaded or slanted language tries to bias the reader or put a “picture” in the reader’s mind of the situation without the reader...
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...Chapter 5 QUESTIONNAIRE DESIGN AND SCALE DEVELOPMENT Naresh K. Malhotra, Georgia Institute of Technology Introduction This chapter describes the importance of a questionnaire and presents the process for developing questionnaires and observational forms. Guidelines for questionnaire construction are provided at each stage of the process. In addition, commonly used scaling techniques and use of questionnaires in experimentation are discussed and the design of observational forms is presented.1 What Is a Questionnaire? A questionnaire is a formalized set of questions for obtaining information from respondents. The overriding objective is to translate the researcher’s information needs into a set of specific questions that respondents are willing and able to answer. While this may seem straightforward, questions may yield very different and unanticipated responses. For example, how would you answer the following question: "Which State is larger, California or Texas?" Would you answer based on population or area? Why Is a Questionnaire Important? A questionnaire is the main means of collecting quantitative primary data. A questionnaire enables quantitative data to be collected in a standardized way so that the data are internally consistent and coherent for analysis. Imagine how difficult it would be to analyze the data of a national survey conducted by 40 different interviewers if the questions had not been asked in a standard way, that is, if the interviewers had asked...
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...1. Tell me about yourself: The most often asked question in interviews. You need to have a short statement prepared in your mind. Be careful that it does not sound rehearsed. Limit it to work-related items unless instructed otherwise. Talk about things you have done and jobs you have held that relate to the position you are interviewing for. Start with the item farthest back and work up to the present. 2. Why did you leave your last job? Stay positive regardless of the circumstances. Never refer to a major problem with management and never speak ill of supervisors, co-workers or the organization. If you do, you will be the one looking bad. Keep smiling and talk about leaving for a positive reason such as an opportunity, a chance to do something special or other forward-looking reasons. 3. What experience do you have in this field? Speak about specifics that relate to the position you are applying for. If you do not have specific experience, get as close as you can. 4. Do you consider yourself successful? You should always answer yes and briefly explain why. A good explanation is that you have set goals, and you have met some and are on track to achieve the others. 5. What do co-workers say about you? Be prepared with a quote or two from co-workers. Either a specific statement or a paraphrase will work. Jill Clark, a co-worker at Smith Company, always said I was the hardest workers she had ever known. It is as powerful as Jill having said it at the interview...
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...1. Tell me about yourself: The most often asked question in interviews. You need to have a short statement prepared in your mind. Be careful that it does not sound rehearsed. Limit it to work-related items unless instructed otherwise. Talk about things you have done and jobs you have held that relate to the position you are interviewing for. Start with the item farthest back and work up to the present. 2. Why did you leave your last job? Stay positive regardless of the circumstances. Never refer to a major problem with management and never speak ill of supervisors, co-workers or the organization. If you do, you will be the one looking bad. Keep smiling and talk about leaving for a positive reason such as an opportunity, a chance to do something special or other forward-looking reasons. 3. What experience do you have in this field? Speak about specifics that relate to the position you are applying for. If you do not have specific experience, get as close as you can. 4. Do you consider yourself successful? You should always answer yes and briefly explain why. A good explanation is that you have set goals, and you have met some and are on track to achieve the others. 5. What do co-workers say about you? Be prepared with a quote or two from co-workers. Either a specific statement or a paraphrase will work. Jill Clark, a co-worker at Smith Company, always said I was the hardest workers she had ever known. It is as powerful as Jill having said it at the interview...
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..."Oh, shut up!" says Claudia, blushing."1 may read the astrology column, but I certainly don't believe it. I just read it for fun. But, the fact is, during the past twenty-five years there have been thousands of alleged sightings of UFOs, and not a single one has led to any solid evidence of their existence. What do you make of that?" "I think we should look at this situation the other way around," Ralph says."Up until now, nobody has shown that UFOs don't exist, so I think we should give those people who claim they have seen them the benefit of the doubt. We should believe in UFOs and extraterrestrials until the sightings are proven false." "Well, okay. Let's suppose,just for the sake of argument, that I admit the existence of UFOs and t~eir little green drivers. How are we supposed to respond to them? What are we supposed to do?"C1audia asks. "For starters, we should extend an open invitation to them," answers Ralph."They may come from a dying planet where millions of their compatriots desperately strug gle for survival.Their sun may be burning out, their water supply exhausted, and their soil poisoned with toxic chemicals. Surely they deserve a second chance on a new planet." "Maybe so," Claudia says in a patronizing tone."And now that you mention it, we probably have a legal obligation to let them in. Our current immigration laws say that we have to admit at least ten thousand applicants annually, from every major nation. If those aliens would just sign the right papers, we'd...
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...Identify the Logical Fallacies 1. Mabel is not qualified to lead the school board because she used to drink liquor in her 20s. • This is anAd hominem fallacy: It attacks the character of the arguer rather than the argument. It is an error in reasoning because you should focus on the argument. 2. A child can be either an athlete or a good student. • This is an Either-or type fallacy: it presents someone with a limited choice when there are more choices. The error is that people will know they have more choices and discredit your argument. 3. Any change in health care will lead to socialism; we don’t want to live in a socialist country, so we can’t reform health care. • Begging the Question: Using circular reasoning to prove a conclusion. This is done in the news a lot and this type of fallacy goes unnoticed. The error is that the claim is false so the conclusion is false and people will notice this. 4. All teenagers text while they drive; therefore, we should raise the driving age to 21. • Hasty generalization: Using a part to make an inaccurate claim about a whole. This is wrong because if any part of the claim is wrong it will make the whole argument wrong. 5. If we don’t all drive hybrid cars, the world will end in the next decade because of environmental damage. • Slippery slope: Suggesting that one event will automatically lead to a chain of other events. This is wrong because the claim that the world will end isn’t supported be any evidence...
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...Literary Analysis “There’s a Man in the Habit of Hitting Me on the Head with an Umbrella” Fernando Sorrentino This story by Fernando Sorrentino is short, sweet, and at first glance, potentially absurd. To picture a man, with no physiological needs, hitting a man on the head for 5 years is absurd. How can something so ludicrous possibly be real, which begs the question is the man with the umbrella actually real, or just a figment of his imagination, or something else entirely? This story begs many questions, most of which are never answered by Sorrentino. It is obvious after reading this, that it is not just a story about a strange man hitting another man over the head with an umbrella. There aren’t many people I know who would grow accustomed to someone constantly hitting them in the head. Early on in life we are told if someone is doing something to piss you off, pretend its not bothering you, and eventually they will admit defeat and leave you alone. Soon after this strange man starts “automatically” and “impassively” hitting this other man on the head, he has to endure a “terrific punch in the face”. Safe to say if he were just hitting him with his umbrella to piss this random stranger off, he had succeeded. But this theory is quashed in the opening paragraph, when the narrator says “it is five years to the day since he began hitting me on the head with his umbrella”. No man would go to such lengths to piss off a random stranger, at least not an ordinary...
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...EN1420: Module 3 Identifying, Organizing, and Analyzing Your Sources Exercise 3.1 Identify the Logical Fallacies Each statement below contains a logical fallacy. Identify the fallacy and briefly explain, in one or two sentences, why it is an error in reasoning. 1. Mabel is not qualified to lead the school board because she used to drink liquor in her 20s. 2. A child can be either an athlete or a good student. 3. Any change in health care will lead to socialism; we don’t want to live in a socialist country, so we can’t reform health care. 4. All teenagers text while they drive; therefore, we should raise the driving age to 21. 5. If we don’t all drive hybrid cars, the world will end in the next decade because of environmental damage. 6. Senator Range has been seen entering a strip club; therefore, his economic reforms are not plausible. 7. Everyone else is getting rid of TV, so we should too. 8. Because of the recent shootings in schools and theaters, we can conclude that these are inherently dangerous places that need more regulation. 9. If you want a successful child, you should enroll him or her in as many early learning classes as possible. 10. Music education is useless because it just teaches kids how to play music. Choose your answers from these eight fallacies. Note: Some of these will be used more than once. Begging the question Either-or Slippery slope Ad hominem Creating false needs Red herring ...
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...why not? c.What kind of evidence is being provided in support of the claims? d. Is the use of statistics or other numerical evidence credible? 4. How credible is the speaker as well as the sources cited? 5. What assumptions are underlying any claims being made? (at least 3 + assumptions) 6. Is the language that is being used loaded or slanted in any way? (at least 3 +) 7. Are there any logical fallacies (pp. 396-399) in the argument? (you need to find at least 6+ fallacies). You need to identify which sentences in the story are fallacies and specify which fallacy (or fallacies) they violate. For example: “If we cut down on the number of legacy admissions, what would happen to the college budget? We might not even be able to keep things running!” Slippery Slope 8. Is there anything important being left out of the presentation? Helpful Hints: To help you answer the questions, you will need to read Chapter 9a A. Assumptions presuppose (take for granted) something. For example, Hope “assumes” that her friend that works at the admissions office is reliable. B. Loaded or slanted language tries to bias the reader or put a “picture” in the...
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