...Club IT, Part 2 Ruben and Lisa are two successful owners and managers of Club IT. They are very hard working managers, who try and keep their success high, they currently try and stay updated on their business and most importantly how to manage their customers. Ruben and Lisa have actually created a website so they can interact better with their customers and staff, but it does not look professional enough. It could use a bit more work to catch customers attention more. It would be a good idea toadd certain things to the website to make customers feel more appreciated, like a VIP section, VIP special packages, ticket sales, and blogs on the events to customers more updated on what is going on at the club. The way the internet is accessed, is one of the problems, dial up service is not good to use for a business, it operates too slow, and you are unable to do more than one thing at a time. For example, when running credit cards through the system, you are unable to have enough speed to communicate with the supplier. The reason why Ruben and Lisa did this, was so they can save more money, it would only cost more money to put another line in. The best solution would be to install high-speed internet service. This way they will be able to run credit cards through, and be able to take phone calls to their customers and suppliers, without putting them to the side or on hold. Upgrading their internet to high-speed would also increase their chances to a new IT system. The use of the...
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...Institut de Technologie du Cambodge Génie Informatique et Communication Type énuméré, structure et renommage des types 1. Type énuméré Un type énuméré est un type dont on énumère, c’est‐à‐dire dont on donne la liste effective, les éléments de ce type. Bien entendu cela ne peut concerner que des types correspondants à un ensemble fini d’éléments. La définition d’un type énuméré est très simple : on énumère les éléments de ce type, qui sont des identificateurs, séparés par des virgules et encadrés par des accolades ouvrante et fermante. Par exemple : {lundi, mardi, mercredi, jeudi, vendredi, samedi, dimanche} Pour définir un tel type, on commence par le mot clé enum, suivi d’un identificateur qui sera le nom du type, suivi de la définition, suivie d’un point‐virgule. Par exemple : enum jour {lundi, mardi, mercredi, jeudi, vendredi, samedi, dimanche}; Pour déclarer d’une variable d’un type énuméré, on commence également par le mot clé enum, suivi du nom du type, suivi du nom de la variable (ou des variables), suivi d’un point‐ virgule. Par exemple : enum jour j; On ne peut qu’affecter une constante (du type donné) à une variable d’un type énuméré ou comparer une variable du type à une des valeurs du type. Par exemple : j = dimanche ; if (j == lundi) printf("Monday"); Le langage C considère les valeurs des types énumérés comme des constantes entières de type int, les convertissant ...
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...Linked List Problems By Nick Parlante Copyright ©1998-2002, Nick Parlante Abstract This document reviews basic linked list code techniques and then works through 18 linked list problems covering a wide range of difficulty. Most obviously, these problems are a way to learn about linked lists. More importantly, these problems are a way to develop your ability with complex pointer algorithms. Even though modern languages and tools have made linked lists pretty unimportant for day-to-day programming, the skills for complex pointer algorithms are very important, and linked lists are an excellent way to develop those skills. The problems use the C language syntax, so they require a basic understanding of C and its pointer syntax. The emphasis is on the important concepts of pointer manipulation and linked list algorithms rather than the features of the C language. For some of the problems we present multiple solutions, such as iteration vs. recursion, dummy node vs. local reference. The specific problems are, in rough order of difficulty: Count, GetNth, DeleteList, Pop, InsertNth, SortedInsert, InsertSort, Append, FrontBackSplit, RemoveDuplicates, MoveNode, AlternatingSplit, ShuffleMerge, SortedMerge, SortedIntersect, Reverse, and RecursiveReverse. Contents Section 1 — Review of basic linked list code techniques Section 2 — 18 list problems in increasing order of difficulty Section 3 — Solutions to all the problems 3 10 20 This is document #105, Linked List Problems, in the...
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...must read the Text book and come to consultations, if help is needed. Structures and Lists #include #include struct Student { char *name ; int age; }; // Note: char *name ="xxxxxxxxxxxxxx"; is // not permitted in structures. Why? int main(void){ struct Student s; // allocates memory. s.name = malloc(20*sizeof(char)); scanf("%s",s.name); s.age = 20; printf("1:%s %d\n",s.name, s.age); struct Student *ps; ps = &s; // Dot has higher priority over & scanf("%s%d",(*ps).name,&(*ps).age); printf("2:%s %d\n", (*ps).name, (*ps).age); printf("3:%s %d\n",ps->name,ps->age+3); struct Student *ps1; // allocate memory by malloc() dynamically. ps1 = malloc(sizeof(struct Student)); ps1->name = malloc(20*sizeof(char)); scanf("%s%d",ps1->name,&(ps1->age)); printf("4:%s %d\n",ps1->name,ps1->age+3); printf("5:%s %d\n", (*ps1).name, (*ps1).age); } Student s 0028FF08 malloc 003C1110 name name age age ps malloc 0028FF00 003C1188 ps1 malloc #include #include struct S1 { int a1; char b1; }; struct S2{ int a2; char b2; struct S1 *p2; }; struct S3{ int a3; char b3; struct S1 *p3a; struct S2 *p3b; }; Linked structures // Self referencing structure. Also called: recursive structure. struct S4{ int a4; char b4; struct S4 *p4; }; int main(){ struct S1 s1; struct S2 s2; struct S3 s3; struct S4 s4; s1.a1=2; s1.b1='A'; s2.a2=20; s2.b2='B'; s2.p2 = &s1; // Creates a list: s2 ---> s1 printf("First:%d %c %d %c\n"...
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...#include #include struct node { int info; struct node *link; }; struct node *start=NULL,*n,*temp,*temp1; void create(); void display(); void insbeg(); void inspos(); void delbeg(); void delend(); void search(); int main() { int i; printf("------linked list----------\n"); n=(struct node *)malloc(sizeof(struct node)); printf("enter the element:--->"); scanf("%d",&n->info); n->link=NULL; start=n; for(i=0;iinfo); n->link=start; start=n; } void create() { n=(struct node *)malloc(sizeof(struct node)); printf("enter the element--->"); scanf("%d",&n->info); temp=start; while(temp->link!=NULL) { temp=temp->link; } temp->link=n; n->link=NULL; } void display() { printf("The list is:\n"); temp=start; while(temp!=NULL) { printf("%d\n",temp->info); temp=temp->link; } } void inspos() { int pos, count=0; temp=start; if(temp==NULL) count=0; else count=1; printf("enter position."); scanf("%d",&pos); if(pos==1) { insbeg(); return; } n=(struct node *)malloc(sizeof(struct node)); printf("enter the element--->"); scanf("%d",&n->info); while(temp->link!=NULL) { if(count==pos-1) break; temp=temp->link; count++; } n->link=temp->link; temp->link=n; } void delbeg() { temp=start; start=start->link; free(temp); } void delend() { temp=start; while(temp->link...
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...TCP/IP - Socket Programming Jim Binkley 1 sockets - overview sockets ◆ simple client - server model ◆ – – – look at tcpclient/tcpserver.c look at udpclient/udpserver.c tcp/udp contrasts “normal” master/slave setup for TCP ◆ inetd on UNIX - mother server ◆ some details - there are more... ◆ Jim Binkley 2 sockets in BSD world since early 80’s, 4.2 BSD ◆ client/server model ◆ “like” unix file i/o up to a point, can be redirected to stdin/stdout/stderr (on unix) ◆ sockets are dominant tcp/ip application API ◆ – – other API is System V TLI (OSI-based) winsock - windows variations on sockets » sockets in windows event-driven framework 3 Jim Binkley sockets ◆ basic definition - “endpoint of communication” allows connected streams (TCP) or discrete messages (UDP) between processes on same machine, cross network ◆ in o.s., really read/write data queues + TCP has connection Queue (server side) ◆ talk to “socket” with handle/sock descriptor ◆ Jim Binkley 4 kinds of sockets acc. to address family; i.e. how does addressing work ◆ IP address family -> IP addr, tcp/udp port ◆ traditional BSD families ◆ – TCP/IP (AF_INET; i.e., Internet) » TCP/UDP/”raw” (talk to IP) – – – Jim Binkley UNIX (intra-machine, pipes) XNS, and even APPLETALK, DECNET, IPX ... 5 sockets client handle read write read write server socket layer r/w queues tcp stack Jim Binkley 6 syscalls - TCP client/simple test server int s =...
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...v _ __________________________________________________________________________ Preface No programming technique solves all problems. No programming language produces only correct results. No programmer should start each project from scratch. Object-oriented programming is the current cure-all — although it has been around for much more then ten years. At the core, there is little more to it then finally applying the good programming principles which we have been taught for more then twenty years. C++ (Eiffel, Oberon-2, Smalltalk ... take your pick) is the New Language because it is object-oriented — although you need not use it that way if you do not want to (or know how to), and it turns out that you can do just as well with plain ANSI-C. Only object-orientation permits code reuse between projects — although the idea of subroutines is as old as computers and good programmers always carried their toolkits and libraries with them. This book is not going to praise object-oriented programming or condemn the Old Way. We are simply going to use ANSI-C to discover how object-oriented programming is done, what its techniques are, why they help us solve bigger problems, and how we harness generality and program to catch mistakes earlier. Along the way we encounter all the jargon — classes, inheritance, instances, linkage, methods, objects, polymorphisms, and more — but we take it out of the realm of magic and see how it translates into the things we have known and...
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...Solution: Number Of Nodes: 1. /* 2. * C Program to Find the Number of Nodes in a Binary Tree 3. */ 4. #include <stdio.h> 5. #include <stdlib.h> 6. 7. /* 8. * Structure of node 9. */ 10. struct btnode 11. { 12. int value; 13. struct btnode *l; 14. struct btnode *r; 15. }; 16. 17. void createbinary(); 18. void preorder(node *); 19. int count(node*); 20. node* add(int); 21. 22. typedef struct btnode node; 23. node *ptr, *root = NULL; 24. 25. int main() 26. { 27. int c; 28. 29. createbinary(); 30. preorder(root); 31. c = count(root); 32. printf("\nNumber of nodes in binary tree are:%d\n", c); 33. } 34. /* 35. * constructing the following binary tree 36. * 50 37. ...
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...char **argv) { int clnt_fd,serv_fd; struct sockaddr_in serv_addr; char c; serv_fd=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0); serv_addr.sin_family=AF_INET; serv_addr.sin_port=htons(atoi(argv[1])); serv_addr.sin_addr.s_addr=INADDR_ANY; bind(serv_fd, (struct sockaddr *)&serv_addr, sizeof(serv_addr)); listen(serv_fd,1); clnt_fd=accept(serv_fd, NULL, NULL); while(read(clnt_fd, &c, 1)) write(clnt_fd, &c, 1); close(clnt_fd); close(serv_fd); return 0; } echoclient.c #include<stdio.h> #include<stdlib.h> #include<sys/types.h> #include<sys/socket.h> #include<netinet/in.h> #include<arpa/inet.h> #include<unistd.h> int main(int argc, char **argv) { int clnt_fd; struct sockaddr_in serv_addr; char c; clnt_fd=socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0); serv_addr.sin_family=AF_INET; serv_addr.sin_port=htons(atoi(argv[2])); serv_addr.sin_addr.s_addr=inet_addr(argv[1]); connect(clnt_fd, (struct sockaddr *)&serv_addr, sizeof(serv_addr)); while((c=(char)getchar())!=EOF) { write(clnt_fd, &c,1); read(clnt_fd, &c, 1); putchar((int)c); } close(clnt_fd); return 0; } FILE TRANSFER fileserver.c #include<stdio.h> #include<stdlib.h> #include<string.h> #include<sys/ioctl.h> #include<net/if_arp.h> #include<arpa/inet.h> int main() { FILE *fp; int sd,cd,b; char fname[50],op[100]; struct sockaddr_in sadd,cadd; socklen_t clen=sizeof(cadd); ...
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...#include<stdio.h> #include<conio.h> #include<alloc.h> struct node { int x; struct node *next; } ; struct node *head, *curr, *tail, *delte, *insert, *temp; void input() { printf("Press '0' to Exit Input\n\n"); curr=(struct node*)malloc(sizeof(node)); printf("Enter an Integer: "); scanf("%d", &curr->x); while(curr->x!=0) { if(head==NULL) { head=curr; head->next=NULL; tail=curr; } else { tail->next=curr; tail=curr; curr->next=NULL; } curr=(struct node*)malloc(sizeof(node)); printf("Enter an Integer: "); scanf("%d", &curr->x); } } void sort() { int no_ex; int x; curr=head; do { no_ex=0; curr=head; while(curr->next!=NULL) { if(curr->x>curr->next->x) { x=curr->x; curr->x=curr->next->x; curr->next->x=x; no_ex=1; } curr=curr->next; } } while(no_ex); } void insrt() { int test=0; printf("\nWhat to Insert?: "); insert=(struct node*)malloc(sizeof(node)); scanf("%d", &insert->x); curr=head; if(head->x>insert->x) { insert->next=head; head=insert; } else { while(curr->next!=NULL) { if(curr->next->x>insert->x&&test!=1) { insert->next=curr->next; ...
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...language has a super-default behaviour for ‘new()’ even if there is no constructors, then the language default will (often, this is set “set every-thing in sight to zero”). 2. If there isn’t a language-specified default, then you get whatever random stuff happened to be in memory. 1.3 If your class needs to share values, it needs someplace in memory to store this data. An instance variable reserves memory for this data your class needs. Lets assume you want to add a place for a string on int variable, You can use an instance variable to reserve that memory for the lifetime of the object. Each object will receive unique memory for this variables. It’s much like a C struct; Struct t_something{ Int a; int b; } The struct declares two fields (a and b). Each value may be read and written to, and the struct is large enough to hold its fields. 1.4 If single selection is a statement in java that evaluates to True or False meaning If the statement results in True, the work gets done on the true side, if it’s evaluated False the True side gets ignored and the next line of code gets executed. For example: *while...
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...Document Number: Date: Revises: Reply to: N3337 2012-01-16 N3291 Stefanus Du Toit Intel Corporation cxxeditor@gmail.com Working Draft, Standard for Programming Language C++ Note: this is an early draft. It’s known to be incomplet and incorrekt, and it has lots of ba d for matting. c ISO/IEC N3337 Contents Contents List of Tables List of Figures 1 General 1.1 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.2 Normative references . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3 Terms and definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.4 Implementation compliance . . . . . . . . 1.5 Structure of this International Standard . 1.6 Syntax notation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.7 The C++ memory model . . . . . . . . . . 1.8 The C++ object model . . . . . . . . . . . 1.9 Program execution . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.10 Multi-threaded executions and data races 1.11 Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 Lexical conventions 2.1 Separate translation . . . . 2.2 Phases of translation . . . . 2.3 Character sets . . . . . . . . 2.4 Trigraph sequences . . . . . 2.5 Preprocessing tokens . . . . 2.6 Alternative tokens . . . . . 2.7 Tokens . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.8 Comments . . . . . . . . . . 2.9 Header names . . . . . . . . 2.10 Preprocessing numbers . . . 2.11 Identifiers . . . . . . . . . . 2.12 Keywords . . . . . . . . . . 2.13 Operators and punctuators 2.14 Literals . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Basic 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.10 Contents concepts Declarations and definitions One definition...
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...company names mentioned herein may be the trademarks of their respective owners. Table of Contents 1. Introduction 1 1.1 Hello world 1 1.2 Program structure 2 1.3 Types and variables 4 1.4 Expressions 6 1.5 Statements 8 1.6 Classes and objects 12 1.6.1 Members 12 1.6.2 Accessibility 13 1.6.3 Type parameters 13 1.6.4 Base classes 14 1.6.5 Fields 14 1.6.6 Methods 15 1.6.6.1 Parameters 15 1.6.6.2 Method body and local variables 16 1.6.6.3 Static and instance methods 17 1.6.6.4 Virtual, override, and abstract methods 18 1.6.6.5 Method overloading 20 1.6.7 Other function members 21 1.6.7.1 Constructors 22 1.6.7.2 Properties 23 1.6.7.3 Indexers 23 1.6.7.4 Events 24 1.6.7.5 Operators 24 1.6.7.6 Destructors 25 1.7 Structs 25 1.8 Arrays 26 1.9 Interfaces 27 1.10 Enums 29 1.11 Delegates 30 1.12 Attributes 31 2. Lexical structure 33 2.1 Programs 33 2.2 Grammars 33 2.2.1 Grammar notation 33 2.2.2 Lexical grammar 34 2.2.3 Syntactic grammar 34 2.3 Lexical analysis 34 2.3.1 Line terminators 35 2.3.2 Comments 35 2.3.3 White space 37 2.4 Tokens 37 2.4.1 Unicode character escape sequences 37 2.4.2 Identifiers 38 2.4.3 Keywords 39 2.4.4 Literals 40 2.4.4.1 Boolean literals 40 2.4.4.2 Integer literals 40 2.4.4.3 Real literals 41 2.4.4.4 Character literals 42 2.4.4.5 String literals 43 2.4.4.6 The null literal 45 2.4.5 Operators and punctuators 45 2.5 Pre-processing directives 45 2.5.1 Conditional compilation symbols 47 2.5.2 Pre-processing...
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...TERM PAPER CSE-101 Submitted to: Submitted by: Ms. Satindar Kaur Mr. Money Bansal ( Deptt. Of Computer) Roll.No.- R205A06 Reg.No- 10802676 Class- B.Tech-(ECE) LOVELY SCHOOL OF ENGINEERING ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I Money Bansal of section 205 registration no. 10802676 and roll no. 06 of course B.Tech. ECE hereby submit my synopsis on foundation of computing. I have done this project of Library management system under the guidance of Miss. Satindar Kaur. This is my great experience of C programming to submit this synopsis. Miss. Satindar Kaur (Lect. Found. of comp.) INTRODUCTION ‘C’ is a programming language developed at AT &T’s bell laboratories of USA in 1972.It was deigned by Dennis Retchie. This project of “LIBRARY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM” gives us the complete information about the library.We can enter the record of new books and retrieve the details of books available in the library .We can issue the books to the student and maintain their records and can also check how many books are issued and stock available in the library. The library Management system is designed & developed for a receipt and issuance of books in the library along with the student’s details.The books received in the library are entered in books entry form.When the student wants to get the desired...
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...Header files #include <sys/types.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <sys/ipc.h> #include <sys/sem.h> #include <sys/shm.h> #include <sys/stat.h> #include <fcntl.h> #include <errno.h> #include <string.h> #include <stdio.h> #define SHM_KEY 123 #define SEM_KEY 456 #define PLAIN 0 #define CHOC 1 const int shared_segment_size = 0x6400; union semun { int val; struct semid_ds *buf; unsigned short int *array; struct seminfo *__buf; }; Create sem #include "my_ipc.h" int main( int argc, char *argv[]) { int sem_id, proj_id; if ( (sem_id = semget (SEM_KEY, 2, IPC_CREAT | IPC_EXCL | 0600 )) == -1 ) {perror ("Unable to create semaphore"); exit(5); }printf ("sem_id is %d\n", sem_id ); semaphore_initialize (sem_id); }int semaphore_initialize (int semid) { union semun argument; unsigned short values[2]; values[PLAIN] = 0; values[CHOC] = 0; argument.array = values; return semctl (semid, 0, SETALL, argument); } Producer_consumer #include "my_ipc.h" int main() { int sem_id, user_type, plain, choc; char *shared_memory; if ( (sem_id = semget (SEM_KEY, 1, 0600 )) == -1 ) { perror ("Unable to get hold of the semaphore "); exit(5); } printf ("Enter 0 if you are a producer or 1 if you are a consumer : "); scanf ("%d", &user_type ); if ( user_type ) { printf ("How many plain doughnuts you want to consume : "); scanf ("%d", &plain...
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