...Kinds of Disabilities There are several different types of disabilities a child may have. There are disabilities such as intellectual disabilities, autism, severe disabilities, and multiple disabilities. All disabilities are different. They have different cause and may have different effects on the students learning. Intellectual Disabilities Intellectual disability by definition is a disability characterized by significant limitations in both intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior, which covers many everyday social and practice skills. This disability originates before the age of 18 (aaid.org). Intelligence tests are given to gauge if a person has an intellectual disability. Another test used is adaptive behavior scales. Students are observed to see if they have the ability to act appropriately in social situations and if they have the ability to take care of their personal needs (i.e. hygiene). Using both tests, a person can be diagnosed with an intellectual disability, which can be described as mild, moderate, severe, or profound. Intellectual disabilities may occur for a number of reasons. Although the causes are not always known, there are a few known causes such as sociocultural influences, biomedical factors, behavioral factors and unknown prenatal influences (Hardman, Drew & Egan 2011). Students with intellectual disabilities usually read on a reading level that is lower than that of other students their age. However with direct instruction a student with mild...
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...Introduction to Intellectual Disabilities Grand Canyon University: SPE351 October 20, 2013 Introduction to Intellectual Disabilities Effective education should meet the learning needs of each individual student and sufficiently support their ability to learn. This learning can take place in general or special education settings, depending on the needs of the students. General and special education teachers must be well educated and knowledgeable about special education laws and how they impact the learning process for students identified as ID. Issues concerning the identification process for students with intellectual disabilities are also an area of concern for educators as well as issues dealing with the social and educational implications that the common characteristics of students with intellectual disabilities have on teaching and learning. Lauren Byrd, a first grade regular education teacher and Christine Khouri, a K-2 self-contained teacher, were interviewed for the purposes of this paper. Issues concerning educating students with intellectual disabilities were discussed to establish an introductory knowledge base in this area and to help create an understanding of how these issues can affect teaching and learning. Issues relating to terminology, law and the identification process of students with intellectual disabilities were the first topics discussed during the interview. Mrs. Khouri, the special education teacher, was much more knowledgeable...
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...Introduction The definition of Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities has changed over the past several years. One of the most significant changes was within the name. The former name of this disability was Mental Retardation (MR). This name was changed to Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (IDD). The American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities AAIDD, (formerly known as AAMR), changed its name in 2007 to help people with “sub average intellectual abilities”, avoid ridicule and scorn. In 2010 Rosas Law was passed. This new Law mandated that the term, “intellectual disabilities” replace “mental retardation”. (Hallahan, Kuffman, & Pullen, 2015. P.84.) During this time many schools were protesting to “Spread...
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...Educating Special Needs Students Cathy Furman Grand Canyon University: SPE 226 August, 26 2013 Educating Special Needs Students There are many types of disabilities that a teacher has to know about, This paper will define some of them and also the curricula that are used to each one of these disabilities. This paper will also explore the policies procedures, and programs for the education of students with intellectual disables autism, and or severe and multiple disabilities, Does the curriculum of the school district address or ignore the needs of students with disabilities? Intellectual disabilities means a person has significant sub average intellectual functions on the general level. They also show deficits in the area of adaptive behavior. The combination of the two affects the education of the student (NICHCY 2012) There are many causes of intellectual; disabilities. Intellectual disabilities can be caused by genetic conditions. This occurs when the child inherits abnormal genes for their parents. Down syndrome. Fragile x syndrome, and phenylketonuria are all examples of genetic conditions. They can also be caused by a mother having trouble during pregnancy. This means the baby does not develop properly this can be caused by several things like if the babies calls do not divide properly, if the mother uses alcohol or contracts an infection like rubella. The other cause could be problems at birth; This can happen if a baby is deprived of oxygen during...
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...terminology of intellectual disability students, and the issues regarding classification and definition of intellectual disability students. What some of the viewpoints of teachers and the impact of characteristics on curricular needs, learning, and social attitudes for students with intellectual disabilities. If we ask a school teacher, psychologist, or parent with a child of ID what the definition was for intellectual disability we would probably get a different answer from everyone. With that in mind than there can be issues relating to the identification and terminology of students with intellectual disabilities because everyone has their own ideas of what ID consists of. From my own prospective I considered ID as a term to mean that a child has limitations to their ability of learning on an expected level, and there are different levels of ID. If a child has an intellectual disability then they might develop and learn on a slower pace than peers of their age. The levels could be considered severe or they might just have a slight intellectual disability. When asking someone from the special education team they responded by saying intellectual disability can be defined as a disability that has considerable limitations in adaptive behavior and intellectual functioning. This to me deals with anything of practical and social skills. Once the terminology is determined than the identification process can take place. Early identification of children with intellectual disability...
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...Educating Special Needs Students Identifying and providing for special needs children is essential to special education. Once a child has been diagnosis with a disability or multiple disabilities, a plan of care is initiated according to the severity of their condition and their needs. This plan is individualized; one child’s diagnosis is not a reflection of the wide range conditions that affect many children. Intellectual disabilities can be mild to profound, can be caused by different factors and can have a different impact on a student’s education and adult life. (Hardman, Drew, & Egan, 2013). Professionals have found many causes for disabilities from genetic to medical. Whatever the cause of these disabilities educators must identify areas of curriculum necessary for students with severe disabilities and/or multiple disabilities. Our local school district, like many public schools, has policies and procedures and programs to ensure appropriate education for students with intellectual disabilities. The degree of a person’s intellectual disability that can be described as mild to profound and the causes of the disability can play a major role in identifying the areas of curriculum necessary for students with disabilities. Definitions, Causes and Impact According to AAIDD, intellectual disabilities is defined as “significant limitations both in intellectual functioning and in adaptive behavior as expressed in conceptual, social, and practical adaptive skills.” (AAIDD...
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...Understand Intellectual Disabilities Jennifer L Givens Grand Canyon University: SPE 526 April 9, 2014 Abstract The ability of educators to meet the requirements of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) 2004, as well as, have the ability to teach individuals with disabilities requires that all educators take a deeper look into and understand the main diagnoses of these disabilities. The disabilities focused on will include intellectual disability, traumatic brain injury (TBI), autism, severe disabilities, and deaf-blindness. By expanding on these noted definitions, characteristics and causes of these five disabilities it will allow educators and parents to have a deeper understanding of the needs of their disabled learner. This allows the public education system to provide equal educational opportunities for all students which is required by law under IDEA. How to Understand Intellectual Disabilities The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act of 2004 (IDEA), created definitions to help in the understanding of many different disabilities. These definitions then help create diagnoses that allow students to receive a free and appropriate education (FAPE). This type education falls under the category of public schools providing special education services for their students (U.S. Department of Education, 2004). All children deserve a fair shot at life and have the right to learn to the best of their ability. While each discussed disability has its own...
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...Understanding Persons with Intellectual Disabilities Carrie Massey Grand Canyon University SPE 526 December 03, 2012 Abstract There are several different types of intellectual disabilities, such as mental retardation, autism, traumatic brain injury, severe and multiple disabilities, and deaf-blindness. Understanding the causes and characteristics of these disabilities is important in determining what is needed in the learning environment to ensure that students with intellectual and other disabilities have access to the quality education they deserve. Understanding Persons with Intellectual Disabilities There are several different types of intellectual disabilities that can affect a child’s educational abilities. It is important that teachers and parents understand the causes and characteristics of the different types of intellectual disabilities in order to ensure that all students are provided with a quality education. Intellectual disabilities can be caused by a number of factors or incidents, and can vary from person to person in severity, symptoms and effect on their ability to learn and function. Understanding the causes and effects of such disabilities will assist educators in developing proper teaching methods, accommodations and special materials needed to optimize the learning environment. Intellectual Disability Intellectual disability, previously referred to as mental retardation, is defined by deficient intelligence and adaptive behavior that...
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...right to education is protected under international law and specific requirements have been proposed to ensure reasonable accommodation of people with disabilities in accessing services such as training and education. However, people with intellectual disabilities still experience mammoth barriers in getting mainstream training and education. The right to education is protected by an international human rights framework and is included in UN Covenants and a number of UN Conventions. There were several structural barriers identified and perhaps the most significant was the lack of availability in mainstream providers of appropriate levels of training programs to suit the mental capacity of intellectually disabled individuals. Although post leaving certificate courses (PLCs) have been around to become an alternative to higher education, they are still not enough support for these programs to flourish. People with intellectual disabilities cannot be considered as a homogeneous group. They certainly do not have the same...
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...Introduction to Intellectual Disability: Interview with Special and Regular Education Teachers Daryl C Martin Grand Canyon University: SPE 351 October 8, 2014 Introduction to Intellectual Disability: Interview with Special and Regular Education Teachers In the world of special education, Intellectual Disability or ID, has been scrutinized, manipulated and revolutionized to bring it to its current positons in education. For many years ID, had many other names to describe the individuals that were said to have abnormal cognitive and social skills. They have been labeled from idiots and fools, to the mentally challenged or retarded. Subsequently, due to the painstaking work by professionals, in medicine, psychology, education, and the government, society has cultivated a new era of acceptance and reform when it comes to special education and individuals with Intellectual Disabilities. Although defining and classifying ID can be difficult, there are laws and guidelines in place to help regulate and point educators in the right direction. An interview as conducted to understand the present state of ID and to get a firm understanding of what educators go through what is felt about where the progress of ID is today. Those interviewed were member of the SPED team and those teams members consisted of Summer White, a regular education teacher and Vikram Kharod, a special education teacher. These individuals make up the SPED team for the purpose of this class Issues relating to...
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...Educators are more involved with helping students with disabilities now more than ever before. Finding the correct methods and instruction to produce a healthy learning environment, and assisting students with disabilities is a key element in classrooms today. There are many different disabilities and educating ourselves as teachers on aspects of disabilities helps us to help others. Intellectual disability is distinguished mutually by a substantial under average score on a mental or intelligence test. This score combined with restrictions of aptitude in subjects of daily life, which encompasses social and school functions, communication, and self care. Other aspects consist of partial scope to plan, solve, think abstractly, comprehend complicated thoughts, understand quickly, and gain knowledge through occurrences (How common is Intellectual Disability? ). The processing of delivering these aspects is slower than their peers with average intellect and capabilities. The varieties of this disability are categorized from mild to profound. When an individual has an intellectual disability it is not uncommon for other disabilities to be integrated with it (How common is Intellectual Disability? ). Some of the other disabilities can consist of cerebral palsy, seizure disorder, vision and hearing impairments, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (How common is Intellectual Disability? ). The cause of intellectual disabilities, for the most part are unknown. Research has...
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...What is intellectual disability? It is characterized by significant limitations in both intellectual functioning and in adaptive behavior, which covers many everyday social and practical skills (AAIDD, 2013). It affects 1-3% of the population, and there are many causes of intellectual disability, but doctors find a specific reason in only 25% of cases (May 2013). Some of the causes linked to intellectual disabilities are, infections that can be present at birth or occurring after birth. Chromosomal abnormalities such as Downs Syndrome, it could be environmental, and it can be due to trauma (May, 2013). Other factors related to intellectual disabilities are metabolic, such as hyperbilirubinemia, very high bilirubin levels in babies. Nutritional issues such as malnutrition, toxic (intrauterine expose to alcohol, cocaine, amphetamine, and other drugs), unexplained reasons is the largest category for unexplained occurrences of intellectual disability (May, 2013). Now we will look at Autism. Autism is a group of disabilities that can cause significant social, communication and behavioral challenges. (February,2015). Exact cause of autism is not known, but research has pointed to several possible factors, including genetics (hereditary), metabolic or neurological factors, certain types of infection, and problems occurring at birth. Both genetics and environment likely play a role in ASD (December 2015). Then we have multiple disabilities. People with multiple disabilities require...
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...Intellectual disabilities commonly known by “Mental Retardation”, is dubbed for a term used to describe a person's ability to learn at a less than expected level and function in one's daily life. There are several known types of cognitive functions ranging from mild to severe that are viewed as with some form of Intellectual disability or another. The hypotheses of individuals who display or experience mental retardation normally have some type of mental or physical impairment. Due to the barriers and stigmas associated with around the term mental retardation, association, institutions and various fields are adapting to the new terminology intellectual disabilities. According to my reading, in 1990, Congress passed a Law 101-476, recognizing the Individuals with Disabilities Education Acts (IDEA). (Thomas, 2013) Special education terminology has historically under gone construction several times in the United States. (Thomas, 2013) As I began to discuss various questions related to individuals with Intellectual disabilities, you will see how the terminology, law, and the identification of ID is very much an open wide debate. Interesting enough, what was perceived as my understanding of children with Intellectual disabilities was not to far off in terms of my opinion. I would venture to say that, maybe I was not as informed as previously thought off. Now, moreover, in knowing that there are different levels of disabilities, ignorant people, I including, almost categorize...
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...Disability is a form of ability that restricts a person’s capacity in carrying out a task. The Disability Discrimination Act categorizes disability through a physical, intellectual, psychiatric, sensory or neurological impairment. The process of education serves to encourage students to reach their potential, through an understanding that everyone has the right to best possible human experience. Education has a duty to help and serve students overcome restrictions of history, provide an equal field for the growth of all students. Schools within Australia serve to provide a means for students with disabilities to overcome impairments and strive to their best possible future. Testing provides an adequate mechanism for measuring student’s results. Students that exhibit learning difficulties (LD), the result of disabilities, are more likely to be prone to test anxiety. A study into testing procedures in the Learning Disability Quarterly indicate ‘results of the present study suggest that LD children’s schools problems may in some cases reflect motivational factors involving fear of failure…’ (Bryan, Sonnefeld & Grabowski, 1983) The results show that ‘test anxiety is relatively strong in the learning disabled child and therefore should be addressed....’ Anxiety stems from a feeling that a person is inadequate to perform a task. It seems reasonable that some disabled children would suffer problems in testing due to conditions such as autism. Autism Spectrum Disorder classifies...
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...Unit 4 Absence Assignment A student with an intellectual disability has difficulty with cognitive function that inhibits thinking and reasoning. It tends to be much more severe than a learning disability in that it affects the IQ of the student (Hallahan, Kauffman, & Pullen, 2009). While a student with a learning disability may seem very intelligent and articulate, but struggle with a specific task such as reading or studying, a student with an intellectual disability may struggle in multiple aspects of life, not just school. Along with limited intellectual functioning, students with this type of disability will also have limited adaptive behavior, meaning social and practical intelligence will be below average as well. Teaching such students can be challenging for general education teachers. In general, such severe disabilities would warrant an IEP and the care of special ed instructors and paraprofessionals. However, many students...
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