...Policy. The main purpose was to revive both political ties and to build up economic linkages with South East Asia. LEP focuses on re-establishing better political security and economic co-operation. The first phase was based on ASEAN and it focused initially and mainly on trade and investment linkages. The second phase was based on expanding the definition of east, extending from Australia to china and East Asia with ASEAN as its core. The conference was graced by Sri Nitin Gadkare, honorable Minister for Road Transport and Highway, as Chief Guest. The four main objectives of the conference were: To study the policy as direction for India’s growth. To study the brunt of the policy with the changing geo political scenario worldwide. To examine the potential of the policy as a vector for economic growth and development of these regions. To bring the countries of south East Asia and Asia closer. There were 5 tracks explaining the route map for LEP. We will concentrate mainly on track 1 which was based on India’s trade and investment in South East and East Asia. The change in focus of Indian foreign policy from concentrating on the west towards east finds its source in the LEP. It also aims at redesigning the present economic architecture which will be marketed by regional trading blocs. India’s engagement with ASEAN and East Asian countries establishes its acceptance of the region as strategic and economic partner in its sphere of growth. Indian association with the regional block...
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...PSCI 2750 INTERNATIONAL RELATION DR. TUNKU MOHAR BIN TUNKU MOHD MOKHTAR SECTION 2 SEMESTER 1 2015/2016 “A RESEARCH ON INDONESIA’S INTEREST TOWARDS JOINING TRANS PACIFIC PARTNERSHIP” Prepared By: Muhamad Fadel Wijaya (1221665) Muhamad Fatih Azka (1311515) Ahmad Azzam Al-Qoyyimuddin (1313511) KIRKHS INTERNATIONAL ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY MALAYSIA TABLE OF CONTENTS 1st Chapter: Introduction A. Background...............................................................................................................3 B. Importance of the Topic...........................................................................................3 C. Research Question....................................................................................................4 D. Argument and Hypothesis........................................................................................4 2nd Chapter: Theoretical Framework A. Definition of Key Terms............................................................................................5 B. Literature Review......................................................................................................6 C. Collection of Data…………………………………………………………………………………….…..7 3rd Chapter: Case Study………………………………………………………………………………………….8 4th Chapter: Conclusion……………..…………………………………………………………………………11 References…………………………………………………………………………………………………………..12 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION A. BACKGROUND President Joko...
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...Introduction For a long time, India has viewed its sphere of influence as stretching far beyond the subcontinent itself but has had little ability to project this influence beyond its borders. It is only in the last few years that India has been able to become more influential both in the surrounding regions and the world at large. This was mainly anchored on its ‘look east policy’ initiated in the early 1990s that saw the country focus on the East Asia and Pacific regions as an economic framework for expanding ties and promoting economic growth. With the new expanded strategic vision – “Look East” policy 2, India has broadened the definition of its security interest in its strategic economic endeavors. It is generally seen that India’s partnership with ASEAN have had an impact on India’s economic, political, and security related involvement ‘in these larger, concentric coalitions around ASEAN…in East Asia and in the Asian Pacific’ (Gujral, 1996, p. 12). The look east policy has integrated a larger regionalization framework and strategy encompassing the Asia Pacific issues (Scott, 2007). WE ARE TECHNOLOGY THESIS EXPERTS! ORDER NOW! WWW.UKESSAYHUB.COM The Indians-ASEAN links do not only have economic frameworks but strategic underpinnings as well. As Scot (2007) has indicated, china has been a factor in all of the India’s initiatives albeit blurred in economic progressions. Some analysts have argued that the growing Chinese economic and military influence in Asia...
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...| Japanese FDI in the white goods sector in India | | IMI DelhiRohit AgarwalPGDM 2011-1306/01/13 | Contents Ownership Advantage 3 Location Advantage 4 Internalization Advantage 5 Government initiatives/ polices then and now 5 Before 1990: Pre Liberalization Era 5 1991-2000: Post Liberalization Phase-1 6 2000-Onwards: Post Liberalization Phase-2 6 Japanese Investment in India - Past and Present 8 Overseas Development Assistance (ODA) 8 FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT (FDI) FROM JAPAN 8 SECTOR-WISE DISTRIBUTION OF FDI INFLOWS 8 Why was Japanese FDI less? 9 India as a manufacturing hub for global exports 10 R&D facility in India 11 Japanese vs. Koreans (Strategies to replace the incumbent Koreans) 12 Summary 13 References 13 The FDI decision of a firm is guided by the OLI model as discussed by Dunning. We tried to study the OLI advantages enjoyed by the Japanese firms that invest through FDI in India. We studied the Japanese firms in the white goods industry namely Sony, Daikin, Hitachi, Sharp, Toshiba and Panasonic. Ownership Advantage Most of these firms, when it comes to ownership or firm specific advantages score very high. They have a wide array of monopolistic advantages like patents, IPR, brand name as well as advanced technology advantages as a result of huge R&D facilities at home and other locations. These firms also enjoy economies of scale and scope. They also benefit from the international diversification of risks...
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...Expanding Horizons and Forging Cooperation in a Resurgent Asia SAARC 2015 The New Delhi Statement on SAARC 2015 and Asian Resurgence © Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung, March 2007 Published by: Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung India Office K-70B, Hauz Khas Enclave New Delhi Email: fes@fesindia.org Edited by: Kant K. Bhargava and Mahendra P. Lama Designed and printed by: New Concept Information Systems Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi ISBN 81-7440-065-6 Contents Foreword Preface Background Paper Inaugural Address by I.K. Gujral Group Reports New Delhi Statement Annexures: (i) Programme (ii) List of Participants & Special Invitees (iii) List of Written Papers and Presentations Related Publications iv vi 1 17 23 45 56 71 Foreword As part of its programme for the promotion of regional cooperation in South Asia, the Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung organised the Conference on SAARC 2015: Expanding Horizons and Forging Cooperation in a Resurgent Asia in February 2007 in New Delhi in collaboration with Ambassador Kant K. Bhargava, former Secretary-General of SAARC, and Prof. Mahendra Lama, Chairman, Centre for South, Central, South East Asian and South West Pacific Studies, School of International Studies, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi. The main thrust of the Conference was that the SAARC as an entity and its member states must prepare themselves well for leveraging the opportunities arising from the current resurgence in Asia. The Background Paper for the Conference was prepared...
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...relationships, share knowledge and establish partnerships, within the public and private sector. The World Bank is an international financial organization that advances money to emergent countries and regions. Some of those countries and regions include Asia, Europe, North and South America, Middle East, and Africa. The World Bank believes in growth from within; meaning that the growth of a country should start within that country. Currently, the World Bank focus that they use to help make sure that poor countries have a range of financing options that will help poor countries meet their current and future needs. There are three supporting factors that World Bank uses to ensure that their efforts are working. Those three factors are Results, Reform, and, Open Development. The World Bank believes that by becoming aligned with the countries that they work with create a focus on delivering quantifiable results. The new Reforms that the World Bank has put in place are targeted at improving every aspect of their work with countries in poverty. The World Bank focuses on how new projects can be created and implemented, how information is communicated from one place to another and how the countries are being affected by the World Bank can best make use off the Bank. The two countries that I selected for this assignment are India and Japan. Japan and India are two of the fastest growing populations and showing some economic growth. A...
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...In a speech to the Indian parliament in 2007, Shinzo Abe, the then-prime minister of Japan, became one of the first Asian leaders to call attention to a dawning geopolitical reality: “We are now at a point at which the Confluence of the Two Seas is coming into being…The Pacific and the Indian Oceans are bringing about a dynamic coupling as seas of freedom and of prosperity. A ‘broader Asia’ that (breaks down) geographical boundaries is beginning to take on a distinct form.” Abe was a little ahead of his time in acknowledging the “distinct form” of the IndoPacific region. Many believe that day has now arrived. Former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton used the term in her seminal 2011 Foreign Policy article “America’s Pacific Century.” More recently, India’s ambassador to the United States and former foreign secretary, Nirupama Rao, made the case for the Indo-Pacific in a speech at Brown University: “There is a seamless stretch of oceanic space that links the Indian and Pacific Oceans. The earlier concept of the Asia-Pacific had sought to exclude India— today the term Indo-Pacific encompasses the subcontinent as an integral part of this eastern world. We are glad that the mental map of the Asia Pacific has changed and that the center of gravity has moved westward to include India…The task before us is to concretely define this concept through expanding security, especially maritime, and economic cooperation.” Strategic thinkers are also arguing the case, including one of India’s...
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...Report of the Joint Study on the Possibility of a Canada-Japan Economic Partnership Agreement March 2012 Contents Introduction and Purpose of the Study ................................................................................................ 2 Executive Summary ............................................................................................................................. 3 Chapter 1: Overview of Bilateral Economic Relations ....................................................................... 5 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Overview............................................................................................................................... 5 Trends in Bilateral Trade in Goods ...................................................................................... 7 Trends in Bilateral Trade in Services ................................................................................... 9 Trends in Foreign Direct Investment ................................................................................. 10 Chapter 2: Analysis of the Economic Effects from a Canada-Japan Economic Partnership Agreement .......................................................................................................................................... 12 Chapter 3: Analysis of Major Areas of an Economic Partnership Agreement ................................. 14 3.1 Market Access (including Rules of Origin) .......................................................
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...1 of 17 Xianghui(Ray) Chen 2153583 China and Global Financial Crisis US-Led TPP VS China-Backed RCEP —Applying Main IR Theories To US Policy-Making Process And Relevant Developments The backdrop of the TPP and RCEP WTO and TPP TPP and TTIP are drawn from the two precedent successful free-trade experiments, the EU and NAFTA(North American Free Trade Agreement). EU originated from the European Coal and Steel Community, before developing into the Common Market and further into European Community, and finally, into the EU. 1The ‘living’, ‘evolving’ treaties and agreements of the EU very much guide the living agreement of TPP/TTIP. NAFTA originated from CUSFTA (Canada-US FTA), which was implemented in 1989, and followed by NAFTA, ratified in 1994. Both EU and NAFTA existed before the WTO finally replaced GATT at the beginning of 1995. The replacement not only greatly expanded sectoral coverage but also replaced the GATT’s quite weak dispute-settlement mechanism.2 The liberalization and integration of trade had mainly proceeded under the auspice of WTO prior to the year 2000. With the evolvement characterized by the widening of the trade agenda to include the movement of people and not just that of goods, services, investments and capital,3 international society called for an update of the WTO. Although the Doha round did inspire some discussion in 2001, developing states fundamentally refused to open their market to the services and goods of the developed ones...
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...Regional Perspectives on ASEAN - the United States Enhanced Partnership By Endra Introduction The signing of the ASEAN declaration (Bangkok Declaration) by Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore and Thailand on 8 August 1967 in Bangkok, Thailand marked the establishment of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). As the regional organization, the top priority of ASEAN is to accelerate the economic growth, social progress and cultural development in the region. Later on other countries in the region also joined this organization as follows; Brunei Darussalam in 1984, Vietnam in 1995, Laos and Myanmar (Burma) in 1997, and Cambodia in 1999. The ten-member organization is enhancing partnership, not only nations in the region, but also outside the region, especially with the United States (US). The relationship between ASEAN and the US has entered its fourth decade of partnership. Since the first engagement in 1977, both sides have experienced the ups and down of partnership. This relationship will become more significant as it broadens the sectors of partnership in the future. Initially, starting with economic and development cooperation, the enhanced relationships, with cooperation on politic, regional security, counter terrorism and transnational crimes, has achieved a new era of “comprehensive partnership.” For the next decade, regional development in Asia Pacific will require the partnership to become more comprehensive. Several key issues in the region...
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...land borders with Uruguay to the south; Argentina and Paraguay to the southwest; Bolivia and Peru to the west; Colombia to the northwest; and Venezuela, Guyana, Suriname and the French overseas department of French Guiana to the north The Ministry of External Relations is responsible for managing the foreign relations of Brazil. Brazil is a significant political and economic power in Latin America and a key player on the world stage.[1] Brazil's foreign policy reflects its role as a regional power and a potential world power and is designed to help protect the country's national interests, national security, ideological goals, and economic prosperity. Between World War II and 1990, both democratic and military governments sought to expand Brazil's influence in the world by pursuing a state-led industrial policy and an independent foreign policy. Brazilian foreign policy has recently aimed to strengthen ties with other South American countries, engage in multilateral diplomacy through the United Nations and the Organization of American States, and act at times as a countervailing force to U.S. political and economic influence in Latin America. Contents * 1 Overview * 2 Foreign policy * 2.1 Lula da Silva administration * 2.2 Rousseff administration * 3 Regional policy * 4 Diplomatic relations * 5 United Nations politics * 6 Outstanding international issues * 7 Foreign aid * 8 Participation in international organizations * 9 Bilateral...
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...Executive Summary Foreign trade has been considered as an engine of economic growth. The progress of a country to a large extent depends on their ability to trade relatively freely with the rest of world. The rapid export growth not only contributes directly to economic growth but it permits more imports and rapid modernization of production. It is necessary to understand Indian Fertilizers Industry position in world trade and their promotional strategy for integrating India with the world trade. In terms of Indian Fertilizer Industry, Composition of Foreign Trade, Direction of Exports and Imports and Major Problems of Indian Fertilizer Export Sector will be analyzed. Overall the industry specific export-import scenario, avenues and prospects, India’s competitive advantages and disadvantages and suitable export strategies to boost the exports of carpet related products will be discussed. Though economic relations between India and Korea have been strengthening, the current size of trade and investment between the two countries is relatively low compared to the size and structural complementarities of the two economies. In this context, the present paper analyses trade and investment relations and explores future areas of potential co-operation between India and Korea. We find that the increase in merchandise trade between the two countries has been mainly because of the changing demand structure and comparative advantages of both the economies in complementary sectors in...
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...International Research Journal of Social Sciences_____________________________________ ISSN 2319–3565 Vol. 2(8), 48-54, August (2013) Int. Res. J. Social Sci. India and China: Prospects and Challenges Mehraj Uddin Gojree Department of Political Science, Aligarh Muslim University, U.P., INDIA Available online at: www.isca.in Received 16th July 2013, revised 27th July 2013, accepted 12th August 2013 Abstract This paper seeks to assess the future prospects and challenges of the relationship between the two rising giants of Asia namely China and India. As they both are rising as great powers, their mutual relationship will have a significant impact not only on Asia, but on the whole world. At present, the nature of their relationship is something mixed i.e., growing cooperation in the field of trade and commerce along with distrust and mutual suspicions in the strategic fields whether political or geographical. For these apparent factors, the future relationship between India and China can be characterised by the cooperation in those fields whether mutual, regional or international which may be beneficial for the peaceful rise of both these states and confrontation, competition, and even hostility in some other areas where the respective interests of both the giants clash with each other, for example, the border issue, relationship with other countries particularly US and Pakistan, their encirclement policies, competition for energy resources, nuclear arms race...
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...Vinod Acharya Seat No: ______ Tolani College of Commerce Sher-e-Punjab society, Andheri (East), Mumbai-400 093 CERTIFICATE This is to certify that Vishwanath Acharya of M.Com Semester I (2013-2014) has successfully completed the project on “Comparing Regional Integration: APEC and ASEAN” under the guidance of Dr.Vasudev Iyer. Project Guide: ____________________________ Course Coordinator: ____________________________ External Examiner: ____________________________ Principal: ____________________________ DECLARATION I, Vishwanath Acharya , the student of M.Com Semester-I (2013-2014) hereby declare that I have completed the project on “COMPARING REGIONAL INTEGRATION: APEC AND ASEAN ” in the course Economics of Global Trade and Finance. The information submitted is true and original to the best of my knowledge. References have been cited wherever necessary. Date: ___________ Place: Mumbai Signature of Student Vishwanath V. Acharya ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Preparing the project on “Comparing Regional Integration: APEC and ASEAN ” has given me extensive practical knowledge related to the course. I would like to first thank our principal Dr.A.A.Rashid, for his valuable support in preparing this project. I express my deep sense of Gratitude to the Course Coordinator, Ms.SadhanaVenkatesh for the valuable guidance and support during my project work. I am thankful to my guide Dr. VasudevIyer for providing me the guidance throughout the course of...
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...expansion to India Name Institution Affiliation Date Market entry strategy involves the essential requirement for a company to get into international level. The need of involving other companies whereby two companies join together is referred to as joint venture entry. They get into a similar market and make the same production with the aim of sharing risk and at the same time they share the profit according to their terms of agreement (Kretzberg, 2007). Therefore, Lincoln Electric Company has a chance to join with other company to venture in the Indian market. Through the joint venture strategy in Indian market, Lincoln Electric has a chance of attracting wider market share in the region. The major consideration is done through extensive study of the market situation through various considerations. Market environment has a wide consideration depending on the factors such as political, social and economic integration. The basic considerations that Lincoln Company has to consider are directed in achievement in the market increase (Hastings, 1995). Concerning the Indian market structure, introduction of welding company is essential in reference to the technological improvement. The factors concerning the technology in the region, it covers the different aspects especially in developing market. While considering joint venture strategy in international market, the major considerations are made depending on business environment. This involves political, economic and social...
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