...in the sub-Saharan Africa region. Famine, on the other hand, is not as widely talked about, around the world, but leads to the same result, numerous amounts of deaths. Hundreds of thousands to millions of people in sub-Saharan Africa have died as a result of this crisis in different nations, such as Sudan, Ethiopia, (fill in different countries). However, famine is not something that happens overnight, and many factors lead to this major crisis. There are many major factors that build up to the final occurrence of a famine in sub-Saharan Africa. The major causes of famine are droughts, war, economic issues, and food distribution. One of the five causes may lead to a major famine, however, when two or more of the causes “work together” to produce a famine, the situation may become hectic. For example, if a war happens to erupt during a drought, it becomes harder for a nation to prevent an all-out famine crisis rather than if their was just a drought. It has become apparent that international and national intervention is needed to help prevent future famines from taking place. Organizations such as the United Nations (UN), Food Association Organization (FAO), United States Aid (USAID), World Food Production (WFP), Red Cross, etcetera. have been trying to be successful in preventing famines, but cannot succeed without national intervention from governments. Therefore, the many committees must work together in a major attempt to avoid such occurrences and get sub-Saharan...
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...Sean Collin Geography 101 Essay # 2 There are over 40 countries in sub-Saharan Africa and the wealth of natural resources and the prevalence of wealth in the northern segments of Africa have led many to speculate about the equity and economic development in the sub-Sahara. Unfortunately, the progression of economic, political and social factors in this region have done little to improve the overall conditions, and have instead demonstrated a consistent bias towards the government and the social elites that has impacted the chances of successful development in the region. Since the end of World War II, changes in the infrastructure, the political forces, and in the capacity for collective action in many of these countries has underscored what some have described as the “Africa crisis” (Stryker, 1986). One of the major issues that still remain in this region is the history of development in the sub-Sahara, generally traced back to the history of British rule, and the relinquishing of colonial control which led to greater regionalization. But there was little in place in terms of expansion planning or economic development in the period following the end of the Second World War, and it can be argued that the struggle for economic development is linked to existing and maintained inequities, based both on social conditioning and political control, that has weakened the agrarian force and impacted the development of industrialization. “During the 1980s, when many countries...
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...RETHINKING THE (EUROPEAN) FOUNDATIONS OF SUB-SAHARAN AFRICAN REGIONAL ECONOMIC INTEGRATION: A POLITICAL ECONOMY ESSAY by Peter Draper Research area: African Economic Outlook September 2010 Working Paper No. 293 Rethinking the (European) Foundations of Sub-Saharan African Regional Economic Integration: A Political Economy Essay DEV/DOC(2010)10 2 © OECD 2010 DEVELOPMENT CENTRE WORKING PAPERS This series of working papers is intended to disseminate the Development Centre’s research findings rapidly among specialists in the field concerned. These papers are generally available in the original English or French, with a summary in the other language. Comments on this paper would be welcome and should be sent to the OECD Development Centre, 2 rue André Pascal, 75775 PARIS CEDEX 16, France; or to dev.contact@oecd.org. Documents may be downloaded from: http://www.oecd.org/dev/wp or obtained via e-mail (dev.contact@oecd.org). THE OPINIONS EXPRESSED AND ARGUMENTS EMPLOYED IN THIS DOCUMENT ARE THE SOLE RESPONSIBILITY OF THE AUTHOR AND DO NOT NECESSARILY REFLECT THOSE OF THE OECD OR OF THE GOVERNMENTS OF ITS MEMBER COUNTRIES ©OECD (2010) Applications for permission to reproduce or translate all or part of this document should be sent to rights@oecd.org CENTRE DE DÉVELOPPEMENT DOCUMENTS DE TRAVAIL Cette série de documents de travail a pour but de diffuser rapidement auprès des spécialistes dans les domaines concernés les résultats des travaux de recherche du Centre...
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...Critically discuss the lack of rural roads and its impacts on female headed households. Female headed households are households which are dependent on women for all the household duties, and managing of the house both financially and getting all the duties in the household done. (gupta, et al, 1997).This essay will therefore be focused on the challenges female headed household members get through on a daily basis,and issues of service delivery and access to services in relation to their surrounding environment. Female headed rural households deal with a wide range of challenges on an everyday basis, and because these homesteads are based in rural areas.one of the major issues for them is transportation. Due to lack rural roads transportation may be limited or very expensive for them to afford. (Biljana, et al, 2014). Moreover the lack of transportation hinders the efficiency of getting everyday activities done.this would then result in them having no other option but to walk long distances, to get everyday activities such as water and wood fetching,accessing healthcare and educational facilities,selling and buying products from the markets as a way of genereating income and getting employment. Moreover walking long distances would mean that they have to carry all the loads with them and the most efficient way of doing this is by head loading ,although carrying the heavy loads on an evryday basis may seem as a way of life, it also poses an enormous strain on their bodies...
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...British Educational Research Journal ISSN: 0141-1926 (Print) 1469-3518 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/cber20 Do new information and communications technologies have a role to play in the achievement of education for all? Jenny Leach To cite this article: Jenny Leach (2008) Do new information and communications technologies have a role to play in the achievement of education for all?, British Educational Research Journal, 34:6, 783-805, DOI: 10.1080/01411920802041392 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01411920802041392 Published online: 30 Aug 2010. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 335 View related articles Citing articles: 6 View citing articles Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=cber20 Download by: [University of Technology Sydney] Date: 20 September 2015, At: 03:44 Downloaded by [University of Technology Sydney] at 03:44 20 September 2015 British Educational Research Journal Vol. 34, No. 6, December 2008, pp. 783–805 Do new information and communications technologies have a role to play in the achievement of education for all? Jenny Leach* Many commentators have suggested that the use of new information and communications technologies (ICTs) has significant potential in providing access to, and improving the quality of, teacher education. Such an idea is particularly relevant...
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...Georgia. And in my Social Studies class we are learning about Africa and all the challenges they are facing, like the lack of water supply. And in this essay I am going to write about the challenges they face. Deforestation occurs when forests are to cut trees for clear space, like cultivation (of crops), grazing (of animals) or settlement (for humans). This is a problem for Africa because people are cutting down trees, that don’t need to be cut down and are harming the animals and their living space and people are cutting trees down, because after they cut so many trees their grazing for animals is less. The next thing that I am going to talk about is Africa water Quality. Africa’s Water Quality is very low, Africans have very limited Amount of water and only 47% of Sub-Saharan Africans have access to safe drinking water, and we need everyone to have safe drinking waterhave of the country doesn’t have safe drinking water.Because the water that they have is not clean and people are getting sick from this water. So to fix this problem people have been building “play pumps” theses “play pumps” allow the kids to play on it and, when the kids are spinning this around the Africans are getting clean, fresh water from underground. I think if they build a lot of these Africa will have access to clean water. The next thing I am going to talk about is Desertification. Desertification is the land in arid and dry sub-humid areas, resulting primarily for human activities and...
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...African Christianity: A case study on Theology in Africa Today Christianity is a term that is used very broadly. Over the past few decades Christianity has mainly been predominate in the West and looked upon as a Western religion. For example, one would not expect high number of Christians in places overseas like Indonesia where it is a Muslim majority country. But as times have gone on the number of Christians throughout the entire world have drastically increased since then. According to the Phew Form, the top countries with the largest number of Christians are the United States, Brazil, Mexico, Russia, Germany, Philippines, China, Nigeria, Democratic Republic of the Congo, and Ethiopia. In fact Indonesia actually contains more Christians than the combined 20 countries within Middle East-North Africa region (Phew, 2011, 13). According to Barrett, within multiple graphs and statistics shows rapid growth of Christianity in the developing countries of the Global South, in places like Asia, Africa, and Latin America (1970). About 90% of Christians live in countries where Christians are in the majority leaving approximately 10% of Christians worldwide living as minorities (Phew, 2011). Christianity is a religion that is found everywhere throughout the world. The religion today can definitely be said to be nothing at all alike as to what it was like a century ago. Christianity has truly become a global faith accepted by people, communities, and homes across the entire world....
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...Empowering African women (gender balancing) 4 3.3 A new perspective on aids 4 III. Stakeholders analysis 5 1. Company analysis 5 1.1 Strengths 5 1.2 Weaknesses 5 1.3 Oliberte’s key internal stakeholders 5 2. Community analysis 6 2.1 The government of Ethiopia 6 2.2 Certifying bodies 6 3.1 Main customers 7 3.2 Mint footwear san Diego 7 4. Competitor analysis 7 4.1 Some competitors 7 4.2 TOMS 7 IV. Conclusion 7 V. References notes and Bibliography 8 ANALYZING OLIBERTE LIMITED’S SUSTAINABLE MARKETING I. Introduction Oliberte Limited is a Canada based B-corporation specialized in leather shoes manufacturing. The particularity of this company is that its shoes are entirely crafted in Africa with hormones free livestock material. The following essay is an analysis of Oliberte’s 3BL and stakeholders. II. Triple bottom line analysis 1. Profit Oliberte started its business in 2009 with a sales figure as high as 200 pairs of shoes. The sales increased up to 10,000 pairs in 2011 and 15,000 in 2012 with the launching of its own new factory in Addis Ababa. Though the company claims on its official website to have exceeded its sales projection, Mr Dehtiar the founder and president of Oliberte was expecting the 2012 sales to be between 20,000 and 25,000 (Tate Watkins, 2012). 2. Planet 2.1 Environmental stewardship Oliberte sources its leather from free range hormones free cows, sheep and goats. It uses natural rubber to make its rubber soles. . This...
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...Conclusion……………………………………………………13 References…………………………………………………...14 Introduction Africa is a continent of diversity. In this diversity there are hundreds of tribes and communities each practicing its own culture and religion. It would be very difficult to define Africa’s traditional religion as it would be difficult to define its culture. More so, it is extremely difficult to establish the dividing line between African Culture and African Religion. However, as much as there were many African Traditional Religions, their similarities were more dominant than their differences. We take up these similarities and encompass them as one African Traditional Religion. In this report, we explore the important aspects of Africa’s Traditional Religions and cultures that cut across the entire continent. This essay is based on various researches done by prominent scholars, historical background of Africa, news and books relevant to African studies. This report attempts to define religion, culture, and explores the major religions, African Traditional Religion (ATR), Christianity and Islam and their influence and impact on African culture. Africa is one of the World’s six continents. It is the second largest and second most populous continent after Asia. Other continents include; Asia, America-North, America-South, Australia, Europe. Geologically, Present-day Africa, occupying one-fifth of Earth's land surface, is the central remnant of the ancient southern supercontinent...
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...UNITED STATES INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY- AFRICA THE PUBLIC PERCEPTION OF MENTAL ILLNESSES By Iman A. Murbe An essay submitted in Fulfillment of the ENG 2206 course 31st July 2016 THE PUBLIC PERCEPTION OF MENTAL ILLNESSES IN KENYA Kenya is one of the countries in the sub Saharan region in Africa. Being one of the developing countries, it is faced with challenges such as poverty, economic decline, and the lack of enough resources to meet the health needs and demands of the people. Mental health of the population is also included in the concern. There are very few organizations and facilities when it comes to mental health. It is an issue brushed aside and only brought up when one is exposed to people with it including friends or family...
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...The Drum D’Angelo Tolbert American International University Topics in Cultural Studies September 23, 2012 Shari Manley The Drum and Rhythm When it comes to my culture and people were are people of the rhythm. The way we have kept the rhythm has been the way of the drum. As African American we are lovers of the beat and though we only use the drum entertain we understand that it is something more. Though we as a people have went through many transformations the drum has remain practically the same. The most common a style of drum was called a membranophone (Dean, 2011). The Drum is a basic design being formed out of a hollowed cylinder body normally made out of wood, gourd, or metal. On the top of the cylinder typically a plastic or leather membrane is stretched over each end. As there are different styles of drums you have bongos, steel drums, snares, bass, tom, and so much more. We are not sure when the drum was originally invented but is first recorded in the history books around 6000 BC. Museums actually have drums excavated from Mesopotamia that have dated back as far as 3000 B.C. Even looking at the Aztec and Mynas we see that they recorded on several of their wall paintings showcasing the drum as a vital part of their lives. Looking at my culture and descendants we come to understand that the drum was used in every aspect of their lives. African used the drum as a first telephone communicating in beat several villages away the drum help settle disputes...
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...Dr. Kwasi Konadu’s course “Intro to Contemporary Africa” covers a wide range of topics relating to the continent of Africa. Throughout the course, students become aware of how the continent of Africa has arrived at this present time in history. From the beginning chapters about geography and historical context all the way to the final chapter on the trends and prospects for Africa, there are a few conclusions that students can soundly arrive at. As far back as scholars have researched, a range of different cultures have come into contact with Africa including European and Islamic cultures. A lot of the interaction has been forced upon the continent, and has been accompanied by violence, physical and otherwise. However, it is clear that the different cultures of people who have passed through and continue to reside on the continent has had effects, both positive and negative, on various aspects of the continent. Ali Mazrui is a Kenyan academic and political writer whose book The Africans: A Triple Heritage, which is actually a reader supplement to a PBS telecourse, covers this topic. Ali Mazrui’s argument that “modern” African politics, culture, and societies are a product of an Islamic, European, and indigenous African triple heritage is an accurate portrayal of the continent which African people should derive strength from, focusing on the positive aspects of each, in order to reach the transcontinental stability Africa envisions for herself. Chapter four “African Politics”...
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...required, over a period of 20 years, for the removal of child labor completely; all the money, if invested properly for health and educational needs of children, it would provide long term benefits in the future (around $4 trillion). child labour 4. It has been found that 126 million children worldwide, are at the receiving end of child abuse, which involve employers’ beatings, have to endure sexual violence and most importantly, humiliation which comes along with these sufferings. child abuse 5. Out of total number of child laborers in the world, 73 million are below the age of 10 years. On an average 22,000 children lose their lives every year from accidents at the workplace. Child labourer age of 10 years 6. The sub-Saharan region in Africa accounts for highest proportion (26%) of child laborers in the world. The...
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...Introduction The objective of this paper is to explore the role of development finance in economic development in Sub-Saharan Africa. Development Finance is practice of using scarce financial resources in an unconventional ways in order to advance economic activity(ies). According to (Nyembezi, 2009), development finance makes the economy run smoothly and effectively. The aim of the development finance is to look at the challenges and design the framework as well as stimulating core activities that will develop the economic growth. As stated by (Nyembezi, 2009) development finance, in an economy, can be compared to oil in a vehicle engine that ensures its sound and smooth operation. According to (Ocran, 2012), development finance is concerned with the financing of development at: • Household level • Firm level • Geographical area/national/regional level This paper looks at the role of development finance at national and regional level in economic development in Sub-Saharan Africa. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (2002) defines development finance officially as funding “used in measuring the inflow of resources to recipient countries: including (a) bilateral official development assistance (ODA), (b) grants and concessional and non-concessional development lending by multilateral financial institutions, and (c) Other Official Flows for development purposes (including refinancing Loans) which have too low a Grant Element to qualify as ODA”...
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...The effects of job and personal resources on hotel employees’ work engagement. Introduction This study developed and tested a research model, which predicted the impacts of job (supervisor support) and personal resources (trait competitiveness and self-efficacy) on work engagement. Purpose and rationale First, empirical evidence in the research stream of work engagement in the tourism and hospitality literature is meager. Second, in contradistinction to other researches our research focused on develoving sub-Saharan African countries, Nigeria not Western countries Third, our study findings ( such as employee retention) can be useful for managers in the hotel industry. Theoretical foundations, hypotheses, and research model * Backround * Work overload to be positively related to hotel managers’ burnout ( Perrewe,1991). Female middle managers in the hotel industry are suspectible to higher levels of burnout than male managers (Buick and Thomas 2001) * Salanova et al. (2005) reported that organizational resources, as manifested by training, autonomy, and technology, were significantly and positively related to work engagement among fronline hotel and restaurant employees. The COR theory and the JD-R model The antecedents of work engagement can be examined using the COR ( Conservation of Resources) and the JD-R (Job Demands-Resources) as the theoretical underpinnings * According to the Conservation of Resources (COR) theory, resources are defined...
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