...The issue of whom to blame for the 2000-2006 housing bubble has shifted from an economic to a political discussion. As with a lot of political issues, each party seems to think they know who’s to blame for issues within the U.S. economy. One theory states that through things like the Community Readjustment Act and the Affordable Housing mission, the government should receive the blame. Other economists believe that the U.S. government did its best in the to make the American Dream of owning a home more accessible to everyone, banks took advantage of reduced loaning standards and lent out money they knew individuals could never repay. When it comes to the conservative opinion, individuals believe the federal government caused the housing bubble....
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...depression until the Second Depression (The Great Recession) hit for America in 2007 from a mortgage loan called subprime. The following will explain the background of the subprime loans. How the government had to intervene with subprime loan. Lastly, the policies taken place with primes and different programs. The Subprime loans beginnings started in 1992, where Congress wanted to affordable housing, work on plan with Fannie and Freddie. Congress wanted the Department of Housing and Urban Development to look at their regulations. The chairperson for Fannie had a trillion dollar commenting to finance affordable homes. Homeownership had become an economic factor over the years in the mortgage market. Majority of home have loan through financial institutes. Yet, these subprime mortgage loans were given to individuals who barley sustained income and had failed credit. The purpose of the loan was suppose have a better opportunity of have homeownership. It was unfortunate subprime loans were aim toward minorities or low income areas. Lenders saw this qualities as a high risk offer the subprime loan, whereas prime loan. There subprime loan were offer to people who were not educated on loans. People did not know they had an adjustable fixed rate. Meaning the interest can flustered and get higher each month. Fannie and Freddie had nothing to do with whole subprime loan, but they...
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...The Subprime Mortgage Crisis and What to Do about It A Review of the Literature The fuse for the subprime financial shock was set early in this decade, following the tech-stock bust, September 11th, and the invasions of Afghanistan and Iraq. The subprime mortgage crisis is a historic turning point in our economy and our culture. The disruption in our credit markets is already of historic proportions and will have important economic impacts. More importantly, this crisis has set in motion fundamental societal changes – changes that affect our consumer habits, our values, our confidence to the future, and our psychological status. After this financial crisis, our economic went downturns and worsen now. When we talk about or hear about the subprime mortgage crisis, to fully understand the crisis help us to avoid the crisis happening again in the future. This literature review considers different opinions of the subprime mortgage crisis by responding to the following questions: 1. What are subprime mortgages? 2. How did the subprime mortgage crisis happen? 3. What are the causes of the subprime mortgage crisis? 4. Was the subprime mortgage crisis in the U.S. totally unexpected? 5. What to do to avoid it happening again in the future? By answering these questions, we can have understandings of the subprime mortgage crisis and find out the solutions to the crisis. When Americans taking advantage of the easy credit conditions, we take for granted the problems behind the credit...
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...COUNTRYWIDE FINANCIAL: THE SUBPRIME MELTDOWN I. Problem Statement After buying out Countrywide Financial and resolving the issues against former CFO David Sambol and former CEO Angelo Mozilo, what should be the next steps that Bank of America must take to salvage Countrywide Financial from onslaught of criticisms and lawsuits that already arose and would potentially arise against it? II. Analyzing Case Data In the mid-2000, season where real estate prices were booming and confidence levels were high, even clients who could have qualified for regular loans chose to take out subprime loans to finance their real estates. Just like most businesses, Countrywide did everything to expand their profitability. They gave false assurance to home buyers. So, even consumers with good credit rating get attracted to these mortgages without fully recognizing the possible consequences. The construction industry also used flipping to expand its profit. Speculators also bought existing homes with no intension of keeping them, waiting until the value increases, and selling them at a profit. High demand also caused an increase of the cost of materials. Realtors, on the other hand, were motivated to push sales through because of commissions they could earn, pushing them to take much riskier transactions. Even real estate appraisers began to inflate the value of homes to ensure that loans would go through. Without being foreseen by anyone, US economy began to slow down. People started working...
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...CONTENT PAGE * Introduction Page 2 * Crisis Page 3 1. Subprime Mortgage Crisis 2. Liquidation * Causes Page 5 * Impact Page 6 * Requirements Page 7-12 * Macro – Environment * Decision making method * Competitive strategy * Organization’s planning * Organization’s structure * Connection between Crisis & Culture * Resistance changes manage by manager * Advice to reduce crisis * Job related stress * The relevancy of innovation in mitigating the impact of the crisis and how the managers can foster innovation * Identification and description of relevant motivation theory that the managers can usefully apply to motivate the employees during the crisis * Feedback & Advices Page 12 * Referencing Guide Page 13 dfsfjn Introduction The organization in crisis that we chose to report on is the “Lehman brothers”. On September 15, 2008, Lehman Brothers declared the largest bankruptcy in history and changed the American...
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...SUBPRIME MORTGAGE CRISIS The U.S. subprime mortgage crisis was a set of events and conditions that led to the late-2000s financial crisis, characterized by a rise in subprime mortgage delinquencies and foreclosures, and the resulting decline of securities backed by said mortgages. What is a subprime mortgage? A subprime mortgage is a type of loan granted to individuals with poor credit histories, who, as a result of their deficient credit ratings, would not be able to qualify for conventional mortgages. Because subprime borrowers present a higher risk for lenders, subprime mortgages charge interest rates above the prime lending rate. There are several different kinds of subprime mortgage structures available. The most common is the adjustable rate mortgage (ARM), which initially charges a fixed interest rate, and then converts to a floating rate based on an index, plus a margin. The better known types of ARMs include 3/27 and 2/28 ARMs. What lead to the US subprime mortgage crisis? ARMs are somewhat misleading to subprime borrowers in that the borrowers initially pay a lower interest rate. When their mortgages reset to the higher, variable rate, mortgage payments increase significantly. This is one of the factors that lead to the sharp increase in the number of subprime mortgage foreclosures in August of 2006, and the subprime mortgage meltdown that ensued. Many lenders were more liberal in granting these loans from 2004...
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...PROJECT REPORT ON US SUBPRIME CRISIS REFERRING TO IT’S ORIGINS SUBMITTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI AS A PARTIAL REQUIREMENT FOR COMPLETING THE DEGREE OF M.COM (BANKING AND FINANCE) SEMESTER I SUBJECT: FINANCIAL SERVICES & MANAGEMENT SUBMITTED BY: PILLAI ANUJA SURESH ROLL NO.: 42 UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF Ms.BHAVIKA DAVE SIES COLLEGE OF COMMERCE AND ECONOMICS, PLOT NO. 71/72, SION MATUNGA ESTATE T.V. CHIDAMBARAM MARG, SION (EAST), MUMBAI – 400022. | | CERTIFICATE This is to certify that ___________________________________ __________________________________________________________ of M.Com (Banking and Finance) Semester I (academic year 2013-2014) has successfully completed the project on ______________________________________________________under the Guidance of Ms. __________________________________________. _________________ ___________________ (Project Guide) (Course Co-ordinator) ___________________ ___________________ (External Examiner) (Principal) Place: _____________ Date: ___________ DECLARATION I, __________________________________________________ Student M.Com (Banking and Finance) Semester I (academic year 2013-2014) hereby declare that, I have completed the project on ______________________________________________________________. The information presented in this project is true and original to the best of my knowledge. ___________________ PILLAI ANUJA SURESH Roll No.: 42 | Place: _____________ Date:_____________ ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ...
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...have plagued the economy in ways similar to that of the Dark Ages. I am a massive fan of that period of time in the sense that turmoil paves for progress, but can simultaneously work the other way around (especially in the case of the book). Our economy has been through that type of age a few times already only in the past century. We are in a better time with regards to physical health. Mental health possibly hasn't changed much since then and same with intelligence when talking about economics. One aspect in the mainstream human character that has gotten worse is the humanity coupled with empathy. We are all humans and all desire greed, vanity, fallacy, and iniquity to some degree. Because of that, I certainly understand the buying of subprime mortgage bonds which led to the crash. Michael Burry is not depicted as some kind of heathen criminal despite the effect he had on the world. In modern day, his type of scheme based thievery would not be considered deviant enough to constitute crime. Truth be told, he simply saw what was going to happen, so he capitalized on it. If he didn't do it, then someone else would have, and they'd be the rich guy. He and Eisman are nothing short of geniuses who had the capabilities of transcending groupthink. Fiat engineering is theoretically and technically not stealing in accordance to the time and space currently inhabited by this collective consciousness of man-made laws. Collapses during the time of the mid 2000s seemed predictable to most...
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...A PROJECT REPORT ON US SUBPRIME CRISIS REFERRING TO IT’S ORIGINS SUBMITTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MUMBAI AS A PARTIAL REQUIREMENT FOR COMPLETING THE DEGREE OF M.COM (BANKING AND FINANCE) SEMESTER I SUBJECT: FINANCIAL SERVICES & MANAGEMENT SUBMITTED BY: PILLAI ANUJA SURESH ROLL NO.: 42 UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF Ms.BHAVIKA DAVE SIES COLLEGE OF COMMERCE AND ECONOMICS, PLOT NO. 71/72, SION MATUNGA ESTATE T.V. CHIDAMBARAM MARG, SION (EAST), MUMBAI – 400022. | | CERTIFICATE This is to certify that ___________________________________ __________________________________________________________ of M.Com (Banking and Finance) Semester I (academic year 2013-2014) has successfully completed the project on ______________________________________________________under the Guidance of Ms. __________________________________________. _________________ ___________________ (Project Guide) (Course Co-ordinator) ___________________ ___________________ (External Examiner) (Principal) Place: _____________ Date: ___________ DECLARATION I, __________________________________________________ Student M.Com (Banking and Finance) Semester I (academic year 2013-2014) hereby declare that, I have completed the project on ______________________________________________________________. The...
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...is a desired goal and solid investment for the future. From late 2001 through early 2004, the housing market was busting record rates in sales and the fast growth made housing prices soar to record highs. For example, the value of a home bought in late 2001, for a price of $290K, could well have the retail value of $340K by the middle of 2002, and by the following year could near double in value to an astonishing $460K or more. These out of the norm home values were driving people to suddenly sell their homes they had owned for years at double the original value, and make a nice profit to reinvest that money into a “dream home”. This also caused a swell of first time buyers to feel the need to quickly get in on the boom before it was impossible to own a home due to the price. The Fed Reserve set the stage for this boom and made this time frame an “anything goes” for the banking and investment community. In the late 1990’s through the early 2000’s, the U.S. economy was facing a mini recession and the tech industry’s dot com bubble popped; leaving Wall Street and it’s investors in a short fall. The Federal Reserve lowered interest rates to an all-time low, that hadn’t been seen in over forty years. Investment companies and banks were looking to get a higher return on their money and capital investments. Over the course of time, the Fed Reserve kept interest rates low. People started buying homes and the interest rates staying low caused a housing boom. The housing boom started...
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...Banking system reforms after the subprime crises Study case: Spain Author: | Supervisor: | | | Department of …………………………… January 2014 Abstract How did the Subprime Crisis, a small problem of U.S. financial markets, affect the entire global banking system? The aim of this paper is to analyze the effect of the subprime crisis on the banking sector in Europe, with a close attention on the case of Spain. Spain is currently facing the worst crisis ever experienced in its financial history, so it would be interesting to analyze what is the real situation of the banking sector and what will be the reforms that could lead to a consolidation of the financial systems. The strengths and weaknesses of the financial sector will be analyzed in order to see the changes needed to maintain its competitive position. The first part of the paper will briefly explain the subprime crisis, origins and impact on the financial world as new form of contagion. In the second chapter the consequences of the subprime crisis in the Spanish banking sector will be described. The last chapter of the thesis will present an analysis of the reforms made, using legal intervention. It will be concluded with a general point of view regarding the present situation of the Spanish banking system, the potential results of the current measures and the perspectives of new reforms. Contents 1 | Introduction | | 2 | Introducing the Subprime Crisis i. The subprime crisis: origins and evolution...
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...Corporation and the Subprime Mortgage Debacle by Janna Johnson Bethel University June 25, 2013 Strategies went awry as revenue slipped away into debt against irresponsible lending trends they had become accustomed. Founded in 1969 by Angelo Mozilo and David Loeb, this corporation saw much better days in the inception of their American dream and throughout the first couple of decades of its business as Countrywide Credit Industries in New York. Their goal was simply to provide home loans nationwide. They eventually opened more establishments in other major cities in the United States. Success seemed inevitable as they rose to the top of the loan industries and went public in selling trade shares. They acquired the Treasury Bank N.A. that they renamed Countrywide Bank FSB in 2001, and then renamed again the following year as Countrywide Financial Corporation. Their decent became more apparent in 2007 just a couple of years before they sold out to Bank of America. With the astounding numbers of mortgages in default, a general liquidity crisis unfolded before the public in 2008. The walls began to come tumbling down when losses at Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac began to mount and the American Insurance Group announced that they were unable to back the guarantees. The values of securities against loans were losing value. It was indeed catastrophic to the financial loaning institutions involved with the housing market crash that year. Their strategies of granting subprime mortgages...
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...purchased by Bank of America, and American International Group was bailed out by the federal government with an $85 billion dollar capital injection. Shortly after, Washington Mutual (WM) went under; however, J P Morgan Chase (JPM) agreed to purchase the assets of WM resulting in the largest bank failure in the history of the United States. Due to the failures stated above it brings me to realize why banks are so hesitant to lend money between themselves or to anyone. The crisis began in the real estate market and the subprime lending crisis. As long as we can remember, the values in commercial and residential properties have been exponentially increasing and were not interrupted for nearly a decade. With housing prices increasing it lead to banks lowering lending standards allowing unqualified buyers to take out mortgages while at the same time deregulation blended lines between traditional investment banks and mortgage lenders. However, when housing prices failed to rise and homeowners were not able to keep up with their payments, banks were obligated to recognize write offs and write downs on these assets causing many institutions to become insolvent and having to either raise capital or go bankrupt. The above paragraphs are a brief introduction about what my paper will consist of and will go farther in depth on the subject matter. The contents of my paper will consist...
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...sub-prime crisis and how the individual party’s action causes the others to step deeper into the problem. As define by investopedia, sub-prime is “a classification of borrowers with a tarnished or limited credit history. Lenders will use a credit scoring system to determine which loans a borrower may qualify for. Subprime loans carry more credit risk, and as such, will carry higher interest rates as well.” The US subprime mortgage crisis was the catalysis of the finical crisis and subsequently cause the recession that began in 2008. The cause of sub-prime crisis arise from sub-prime loans or also know as sub-prime mortgage, the growth of this loan started expanding during the 1990s and such load is popularly seen in auto (car) loans, home equity (housing loans) and mortgage lending. Sub-prime loans are higher-risk loans labeled “B”, “C” and D credits, where “D” being the “worst”, resulting in a higher interest rate, which also mean a higher risk to the lenders. But it seem not to be a hindering problem, from the point of view of the finical institute who lend out the money, which will be explained later in this essay. In the past banks would only offer housing loans to qualified homeowners after assessing their creditworthiness, net disposable income and ability to finance the repayment of the mortgage. In the 1980s a UK bank only allow a maximum of 90% of the evaluated price of the property and the amount did not exceed 2.5 times of the income of the home owner. Other than...
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...I) Introduction. “There are more than 26 million who are out of work, cannot find full-time work, or have given up looking for work. About four million families have lost their homes to foreclosure and another four and a half million have slipped into the foreclosure process or are seriously behind on their mortgage payments. Nearly 11 trillion in household wealth has vanished, with retirement accounts and life savings swept away. Businesses, large and small, have felt the sting of a deep recession. There is much anger about what has transpired, and justifiably so. Many people who abided by all the rules now find themselves out of work and uncertain about their future prospects.” When reading this information, you may think it may be the status of a certain poor country. The particularly serious numbers show that country is experiencing many problems. I will tell you a secret that you can not have more surprise. The above information is situation of the country that has a most powerful economy all over the world. That is United State of America. The year 2008 marked the economic crisis which caused the USA severe damages. Many of the US financial institutions have suffered heavy losses due to the effect of this crisis. In addition, the crisis is increasingly spreading to the economies of some countries in Europe and in Japan... As a result, some powerful banks in these countries are also suffering from the impact of the crisis. The consequences of the crisis are not only...
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