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Substance Versus Process Addictions

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Substance Addictions Versus Process Addictions

Substance Addictions
Alavi et al (2012) discussed the difficulties in defining the concept of addiction but the authors believed that the core component for defining the addiction concept is “the dependence on a substance (Alavi et al, 2012).” Substance abuse is a pattern of an individual using a substance to achieve a mood altering purpose. Another reason individuals seek out substances can be due to depression or negative self-esteem, they look at the substance as a chance to escape or as a way to feel in power over their own life. Over time this can develop into a serious problem as the addiction takes hold causing the individual to require the substance more frequently and in higher dosages to achieve the same effect. Capuzzi & Stauffer (2012) felt that in focusing on the behavioral aspects that it captured the tone that addiction has a “chronic, relapsing, and compulsive nature (Capuzzi & Stauffer, 2012).” The cycle of abuse tends to cause the abusers to suffer a decline in their performances within the home, their job, and their role within the family.
Types of Substances
Capuzzi & Stauffer (2012) examined multiple substances of addiction such as “depressants, stimulants, cannabinoids, hallucinogens, and opioids (Capuzzi & Stauffer, 2012).” A depressant is a substance that lowers the anxiety of the individual taking it, it promotes to the user a sense of well-being. Stimulants provide the users with a feeling of mental alertness, a sense of exhilaration and a higher heart rate. Cannabinoids cause the individual to have a slower thought time, impaired balance, and can even cause anxiety. Hallucinogens are substances that alter what the users is seeing/feeling. Opioids are substances that provide relief from pain and can cause the user to feel a sense of euphoria. Substances that are

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