...Efforts to Influence Sexual Behavior of Young Haitian Women: Implications for Addressing the Risk of HIV/AIDS and Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) C Castor Citation C Castor. Parental Efforts to Influence Sexual Behavior of Young Haitian Women: Implications for Addressing the Risk of HIV/AIDS and Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs). The Internet Journal of World Health and Societal Politics. 2014 Volume 9 Number 1. Abstract Background: In 2010, HIV/AIDS was ranked as the leading cause of disease burden in 21 countries including Haiti. Addressing the issues of HIV is complex and associated with the dynamic of personal relationships, which are further complicated by the issues of gender inequality in these relationships. Furthermore, in the Haitian culture, women often fail to have open discussions about sexuality and sexual health and especially the issue of forced sex. This is complicated by the issue of sexually transmitted diseases such as HIV/AIDs, sexually-transmitted infections (STIs) and/ or related health problems with their daughters. Parental involvement is thought to be an effective prevention strategy in behavior change. However, there is limited data regarding the level of parental contribution to sexual education and development of the young females in Haiti Objective: The study sought to determine: Haitian women’s knowledge of HIV/AIDS and STIs; the impact of parental influence for learning about sex, relationships and sexual health of...
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... According to Aaronson’s theory of social behavior, people’s behaviors and personal beliefs tend to be greatly influenced by the society or the majorities beliefs. In the challenger disaster case, a lot of outside pressure was involved. Previous experiments such as the successful launch and landing of the first reusable space shuttle Columbia, had been conduced successfully hence NASA was inclined to think that those statistics were a testament for the outcome of the launch. Additionally, the challenger launch was one of its kind since it was the first to have an ordinary American, McAuliffe, on board. Also the program had taken a lot of time to materialize owing to the bad weather and the time needed to train McAuliffe on space travel. All this factors convinced NASA to bow to social psychology and let societal pressure influence their judgment despite clear warning from the engineers about the impending doom if temperature conditions were not favorable (Disaster, 2016). Applied This is a case of Internalization compliance. Though, the child does not like the lima beans, she does so because she believes that by doing so she will become like the figure she idolizes. In the Internalization type of conformity, subjects adopt a belief and make it their own which is not the case in other types of conformities whereby adaptation of beliefs is merely to please the society at large. Children generally are more prone to the influence of conformity. They tend to adopt the believes...
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...Socio-Cultural Influences on Sexuality There is nothing that sparks a debate more than the topic of sexuality. The multitude of opinions in societies displays an attempt to define, promote, or control sexuality. Sexuality is a part of our humanity in which defines sex, gender identities, gender roles, sexual orientation, pleasure, intimacy, and instigates procreation. Though, sexuality is experienced and expressed through thoughts, desires, beliefs, attitudes, values, roles, behaviours, and relationships; it is greatly influenced by societies, cultures, historical perspectives, religious perspectives, biological forces, psychological theories, ethics, morals, and legal factors. In the United States, known as the “melting pot” because of the mass amounts of cultural influences brought in by immigrants worldwide that now reside on its land; one of the biggest concerns in regards to sexuality are the social and public health challenges that influence sexual behaviours, attitudes, and beliefs. Sexual behavior in not just a personal matter between two people, but rather a theme that can affect society in terms of social expectations for sexual behaviors, gender identity, roles, stereotypes, and bias. Social Expectations on Sexual Behaviors “Sexuality is an important part of our lives” (King, 2012, p.1), currently and amongst the generations before us. Throughout history, sexual behaviours have been largely influenced by culture, religion, and historical perspectives...
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...2/1/13 Title: Healing from Childhood Sexual Abuse Publication: May 2010 Peer Reviewed? Yes What words did you use to find this article? Abuse What type of article is this (research, summary, reflection, essay, etc.)? Summary Did this article include an abstract? Yes Summarize the article (75 to 100 words) Childhood sexual abuse is a social problem in the healthcare arena. A lot of children who have endured sexual abuse in their lives, usually have long term psychological, behavior, or social effects. The National Child Abuse Data estimates that at least over 700,000 children were victims of abuse or neglect in the U.S. A national survey conducted during the periods of 2001 to 2003 documented that 1 in 15 adults in U.S experienced forced sex in their lifetime. In women sexual abuse is related to poor health, gynecological and gastrointestinal symptoms. But for men physical health and functional impairment is what seem to be underlining issue. Childhood Sexual Abuse is usually associated with anxiety, depression, and mood swings. While tackling the effects on the Childhood Sexual Abuse, begin to make changes in the way they parented their in order to protect them abuse. Source 2 Author: Coleman Smith, Virginia Date: 2/2/13 Title: The Reluctance of Women to Respond to Preterm Labor Publication: 4/2012 Peer Reviewed? Yes What words did you use to find this article? Infant What type of article is this (research, summary, reflection, essay, etc.)? Research Did...
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...SEXUAL Strategies Theory: An Evolutionary Perspective on Human Mating Winifred Gordon Southern New Hampshire University Sexual Strategies Theory: An Evolutionary Perspective on Human Mating Summary Because of the lower level of minimum parental investment incurred by men, short-term mating will represent a larger component of men’s sexual strategies than women’s sexual strategies (Buss & Schmitt, 1993). An Evolutionary Perspective on Human Mating by Buss & Schmitt examines the background on evolutionary theory when it relates to the human mating strategies. The article expands on how both men and women have particular psychological mechanism that triggers which relationships, short term or long term will help them choose a partner for life, when it relates to mating relationships. The article discussed the effects on long-term relationships and how these types of relationships, compares to the short term, which are known to be called brief affairs, one stand, or temporary liaison time lengths. “Long temporal durations, however, mating relationships can last for a few months, a few days, a few hours, or even a few minutes” (Buss & Schmitt, 1993). The article described key hypotheses and predictions that give an outlined summary on theories that were empirically tested that identify sensitive problem in relations with sexual accessibility fertility, commitment seeking and avoidance, paternity certainty, male and females value, and parental investment. In comparison...
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...Sexual and Gender Identity, Personality, and Eating Disorders Holly Bracy Psy/410 November 18, 2013 Kathryn Westbeld Sexual and Gender Identity, Personality, and Eating Disorders Sexual and Gender Disorder Categories * Sexual Dysfunction * Sexual Desire Disorders * Sexual Arousal Disorders * Orgasmic Disorders * Sexual Pain Disorders * Paraphilias * Gender Identity Disorders (Hansell & Damour, 2008) Sexual and Gender Disorder Classifications * The DSM-IV-TR classifies sexual disorders into three types: sexual dysfunctions, paraphilias, and gender identity disorder. (Hansell & Damour, 2008) Summary of Sexual and Gender Identity Disorders * The psychodynamic approach focuses on fixations in sexual development and also focuses on defense mechanisms. * Cognitive/behavioral perspectives emphasize social learning of abnormal sexuality, classically conditioned sexual arousal to deviant stimuli, and reinforcement of aberrant sexual behavior. * Biological factors can include some disinhibiting diseases or injuries or mental retardation that can contribute to abnormal behavior. (Hansell & Damour, 2008) Personality Disorder Categories * Paranoid Personality Disorder * Schizoid Personality Disorder * Schizotypal Personality Disorder * Antisocial Personality Disorder * Borderline Personality Disorder * Histrionic Personality Disorder * Narcissistic Personality Disorder * Avoidant Personality...
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...[TYPE THE COMPANY NAME] Human Sexuality Article Summary 2 Exploring Relationships Among Communication, Sexual Satisfaction, and Marital Satisfaction Litzinger, S., and Gordon, K. C. (2005). Exploring relationships among communication, sexual satisfaction, and marital satisfaction. Journal of Sex and Marital Therapy, 31, 409-424. The purpose of the study conducted by S. Litzinger and K.C. Gordon was to study how sexual satisfaction and communication within a relationship influence each other, and how this influence contributes to the prediction of marital satisfaction. The effects of these constructs were studied both independently and jointly. The researchers hypothesized that strengths in one area would compensate for weaknesses in other areas and this compensation would result in greater overall marital satisfaction. According to Litzinger and Gordon (2005), “It has been demonstrated that communication behaviors and interaction patterns clearly are related to marital satisfaction; however, an examination of the literature indicates that communication skills in and of themselves are not the sole determinants of marital happiness” (p.410) There is a strong connection between communication and marital satisfaction, but the connection is complex and affected by other influences in the marriage. Research indicates that unhappy couples lack the skills necessary to communicate successfully. This lack of communication skills leads to emotional distancing...
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...perspective. Sociocultural perspective basically describes how surroundings, such as society and culture influence our behaviors. Cultural background and the rules of social group and subgroup where individuals belong are significant factors that affect how they think and behave. Gaydar is skill to identify whether a person is heterosexual or homosexual by looking at little information about the person. The author thinks gaydar is developed through cognitive apprenticeship in the society. This author’s perspective would be classified as sociocultural perspective. 1. b. Based on the previous research summarized in the introduction section, concisely (briefly) summarize the main purpose(s) of this research study (conducted by Ambady and colleagues)? The main purpose of this research study is to find out if homosexual people can really identify another person’s sexual orientation. Many gays and lesbians say they can detect sexual orientation, but there is a common idea that we cannot easily tell sexual orientation just from appearance, so researchers try to examine if they have really the ability. There was actually another study that says sexual orientation can be precisely judged even with limited information. Therefore, another purpose is to examine whether homosexual people can accurately detect sexual orientation. 2. In your own words, provide a concise summary of (a) Impression Formation and (b) the Information Integration Theory (from the PPT slides) (a) Impression...
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...Dubois-Comtois, K., Moss, E., Cyr, C., & Pascuzzo, K. (2013). Behavior problems in middle childhood: The predictive role of maternal distress, child attachment, and mother-child interactions. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 41(8), 1311-1324. http://web.b.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.liberty.edu:2048/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?sid=b2d75575-0df6-4400-8735-241e5dd64815%40sessionmgr102&vid=23&hid=116 Summary: The article provided results of a continued study. Behavior developments arising from stressful child attachment situations of 243 French mothers and daughters were gathered. The quality of caregiving, attachment development, relationship between mother and child along with influences of maternal distress predict future psychosocial behaviors of middle school children. Insecure, distressed children have behavior problems such as trying to control their parents. How children externalize or internalize stress reflects future behavior issues, attachment relationships, and parental interaction. Strengths or Weaknesses: The validity of individual mother and child reports were valuable tools for problem assessments within the family regarding maladaptive attachment security. Various testing variables were also used to strengthen the results. Evaluation: Prior attachment theories indicated stressful relationships with insecure attachments often lead to children with improper behavior responses. Depression, anger, suicidal thoughts, along with aggressive...
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...defending one side over the other but for the purpose of unveiling what makes the issue so controversial by exploring some of the questions regarding who are the people that have a stance on the issue, why might someone take a strong stance, and discuss what previous researches conclude about the influence of media sex and violence on children’s behavior. Summary of Internet Information For about half a century, Congress has wrestled with the perceived negative influences of television on society, particularly its youth. The responses to this divergence in the past have ranged from banning indecent content and restricting offensive speech to condensing the rights of the broadcast industry. Television violence, the most recent and pressing issue to date for the Federal Communication Commission (FCC) is the conflict between protecting children from the potentially harmful influence of exposure to sex and violence, and the First Amendment rights of the television broadcasters. Among the rights contained in the First Amendment of the Constitution is the Freedom of Speech. This means that television networks have the right to broadcast whatever material they want including violent or sexual-related material but only to a degree (Scott, 1996). Television viewers argue that if networks were forced...
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...Operant conditioning Psychopathology- the study of abnormal behaviour Biological functions such as eating, drinking and sleeping are regulated by… • Homeostasis: steady state of equilibrium within bodily systems. A system is returned to a resting level through motivational states that energise and direct homeostasis-restoring behaviours. ! • Thus, homeostatic systems include several features: 1. Set Point: biologically optimal level the system strives to maintain. 2. Feedback mechanisms: provide information regarding the state of the system with respect to variables being regulated. 3. Corrective mechanisms: restore the system to its set point when needed. Physiological needs describe a deficient biological condition. Occur with tissue and bloodstream deficits, as from water loss, nutrient deprivation or physical injury. ➡ If water loss occurs below an optimal homeostatic level (around 2%) this creates the physiological need that underlies thirst. defined as • THIRST iswater deficit.a consciously experienced motivational state (drive) that readies the body to perform behaviours needed to replenish ➡ So drive is a psychological (not biological) term. Conscious manifestation of an underlying biological need that has motivational properties (to energise and direct behaviour). ➡ How does thurst arise? Water lies inside (intracellular fluid contributes 40% body weight) and outside (extracellular fluid contributes 20% body weight) cells. ! We may distinguish between osmometric...
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...Summary * Research shows that sexual orientation is a not a common question found on numerous public health surveillance surveys. * Therefore, such surveys have been considered inefficient in monitoring the trends required to achieve a national health objective that will include the health of the LGBT people. * Currently, the LGBT population has attained rights to serve in the military, to get married in some states and are making significant steps in achieving full equality in many other aspects of lives * For this reason, sexual orientation is something that needs to be included in public health surveys if the health concerns of the LGBT are to be addressed efficiently. * Furthermore, the inclusion of sexual orientation in public health surveys would permit the contrast between heterosexual and homosexual populations in disparate areas of disability, access to health facilities and disease risk factors. * It will also enable social workers to recognize health concerns that are unique to the LGBT people; hence, this will translate into finding the appropriate means of improving the healthcare of the LGBT persons. Slide 2 * Many surveys could benefit from including questions on sexual orientation. * Firstly, the NHIS, which is known to be the primary source of information on the health of the non-institutionalized citizens of the U.S by offering the relevant data to track the progress to achieving national health goals. * Secondly, the BRFSS...
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...1.0 INTRODUCTION Human behavior is influenced both by the genes that we inherit and the environment in which we live. Some researchers are attempting to locate specific genes or groups of genes, associated with behavioral traits and to understand the complex relationship between genes and the environment. This is called research in behavioral genetics. In contrast to research into the genetic basis of diseases and disorders, researchers in behavioral genetics investigate aspects of our personalities such as intelligence, sexual orientation, susceptibility to aggression and other antisocial conduct, and tendencies towards extraversion and novelty-seeking. 2.0 WHAT IS BEHAVIORAL GENETICS? Research in the field of behavioral genetics aims to find out how genes influence our behavior. Researchers are trying to identify particular genes, or groups of genes, that are associated with behavioral traits, and investigating the role of environmental factors. There are several reasons why it is so difficult to find which genes have an effect on behavioral traits: more than one gene may contribute to a trait, with many genes each having a small effect; a gene may affect more than one trait (for example in mice, memory and sensitivity to pain have been found to be linked); the action of a gene depends on the presence of other genes; environmental factors may contribute to a trait; genes and the environment interact together in different ways; and genes do not have a continuous effect...
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...HOMOSEXUALITYIntroductory Psychology4/26/2012Charnae ClayBreanna DavisBrandon Telfair| HOMOSEXUALITY| Introductory Psychology| | [Type the abstract of the document here. The abstract is typically a short summary of the contents of the document. Type the abstract of the document here. The abstract is typically a short summary of the contents of the document.]| | | 4/26/2012| | Brandon Telfair April 22, 2012 Homosexuality Homosexuality is becoming more common in today's society, whether it be gays or lesbians homosexuals are among us. According to science 8 to 15 percent of males and slightly less females today are of the homosexual race. In comparison, there are as many gay and lesbian citizens the world as there are unemployed citizens. Being homosexual is an ongoing fight for whom ever is dealing with it. The constant reminders of society and the way your lifestyle is supposed to be can be a burden on them. Until recently homosexuality was thought to be a psychiatric disorder, but research has proved that theory to be false. We as Americans don’t completely know how to properly cope with homosexuals in our society. Although we have gotten a lot better, there are still some of us that look at homosexuals as outcasts. This is one of the main reasons that homosexuality is very secretive and not embraced. They draw the conclusion that the less people know the less they have to be ashamed of their sexuality. Spiritual beliefs are also another factor...
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...Factors Influencing the Development of Gender Identity Gender identity is defined as "the perception of oneself as male or female", ( Feldman, 2011). Gender is established by the time a child reaches his or her preschool years. "By the age of two, children consistently label themselves and those around them as male or female" (Feldman, 2011). Preschoolers are very rigid in their beliefs about gender-appropriate behavior. These beliefs become more pronounced by the age of five years. By age seven years the beliefs are still there, although less rigid. Preschooler's ideas of stereotypical behavior are compared to those of traditional adults. Preschoolers develop a gender schema, "a cognitive framework that organizes information relevant to gender"(Feldman, 2011). For example, a preschool boy may refuse to wear makeup in a school play because he knows that makeup is for girls only. In 1966, Lawrence Kohlberg proposed a cognitive-developmental theory, which explains the rigidity of preschoolers as their understanding of gender, and gender appropriate behavior (Feldman, 2011). Shuvo Ghosh states that the development of gender identity "clearly begins in the intrauterine stage". He attributes this to hormone production and surges during the development of the fetus. Initially, all human fetuses appear to be female. During the eighth week of development, fetuses with the testes determining factor (TDF), begin to develop testicles. This is in part due to the surge of...
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