...PERCEPTIONS OF GENETIC TESTING AMONG HISPANIC FAMILY MEMBERS OF BREAST CANCER SURVIVORS Objective: To provide a preliminary description of the interest, awareness, and perceptions of genetic testing among Hispanics with a family history of breast cancer Design: This cross-sectional pilot study used interpersonal structured interviews for data collection. Participants: We interviewed 48 Hispanics without breast cancer but who had a family member with breast cancer; participants lived in San Antonio and the surrounding area. Main Outcome: The outcomes were interest in breast cancer genetic testing, awareness about genetic testing, perceived risk of carrying a breast cancer susceptibility gene, and the perceived benefits and risks associated with a genetic test. Measures: Items previously used in research regarding interest and perceived genetic risk and a previously validated benefits and riskslimitations scale for genetic testing commonly used by other researchers were used to measure the outcomes. Results: Awareness of genetic testing for breast cancer susceptibility was very low, yet most (82%) participants were interested in a genetic test for breast cancer susceptibility. Participants were more likely to identify with the benefits than the potential risks of genetic testing. The most highly endorsed benefits were to know to take better care of one’s self and to undergo more frequent screening. Conclusions: Hispanics seem to have positive perceptions about genetic testing for breast...
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...GENETIC ENGINEERING 1 Genetic engineering and the possibility of designer babies Cynthrea Bright International Management Dr. Matthew Ademola November 27, 2012 Introduction Shannon Brownlee is the acting director of the New America Health Policy Program and is also a nationally known writer and essayist. In March of 2002 she wrote an article for the Washington Monthly called Designer Babies. Brownlee explains the birth of cytoplasmic transfer in the in vitro fertilization (IVF) process and the technical advances from this process that is making designer babies possible. Summary How is the creation of designer babies even possible? Well the process began with the creation of IVF and then in the 1990s embryologist Jacques Cohen created the process called cytoplasmic transfer. This process gave women who did not have success with normal IVF hope by placing cytoplasm from a fertile egg into the infertile women’s eggs. The first baby born from this process was in 1997 and at first was deemed a huge success and advancement in technology. Then 4 years later Cohen admitted to adding mitochondrial DNA to the embryo what in essence gave the child three parents, the mother, father and the mitochondrial DNA donor. This was the first form of human genetic modification and the long term ramifications are still unknown. One of the children born with the mitochondrial DNA has developed a mild form of autism but it has not been determined if it is because of the...
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...interest and controversy over the years. Gender selection has been associated with a number of ethical, moral, social and legal issues. Sex selection may be performed for medical reasons to avoid sex-linked diseases or for parental preference. The topics I will be covering include eugenics, beneficence, utilitarianism and pre-genetic screening in regards to sex linked diseases. Eugenics can be defined as the study or belief in the possibility of improving the qualities of the human species. In the context of IVF, treatment positive eugenics encourages reproduction by implantation of healthy embryos with inheritable desirable traits and negative eugenics seeks to identify and dispose of embryos found to carry undesirable inheritable traits. Introduction: Utilitarianism in the context of IVF sex selection and genetic screening is defined by the principle of utility, which seeks to judge moral rules, actions and behaviors based on their consequences. Where an action produces the best possible outcome, that being the greatest good for the greatest number it is seen as ethical and moral. Therefore, the testing, screening and disposal of genetically impaired embryos and implantation of only healthy and preferred embryos is justifiable because the outcome is seen as beneficial for the majority. The ethical principle of beneficence means to do good or an action done to benefit others, and therefore act to maximize benefits and minimize harm...
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...persons across this Nation. It will be achieved when everyone enjoys the same degree of protection from environmental and health hazards and equal access to the decision-making process to have a healthy environment in which to live, learn, and work.” ("Environmental Justice". U.S. EPA. http://www.epa.gov/environmentaljustice/. Retrieved 2012-09-23) This definition provides a clear summary of Barbara Johnston’s perspective on social justice environmentalism. According to Johnston, “environmental justice” addresses environmental problems that mainly affect low-income and minority communities. The basic premise of the environmental justice movement is that minority and economically disadvantaged populations assume greater risks from exposure to environmental hazards than do others. These compromised populations are known to have poorer health status than the overall population and have higher rates of a variety of diseases. Many complex factors interact to produce health disparities among minority and low-income populations. Behavioral choices, nutrition, access to medical care, genetic predisposition, and environmental and occupational exposures, over which individuals have little control, all contribute and are related. Where one lives and works is often less a matter of choice than the result of socioeconomic status. It is usually the case that people in the lower socioeconomic strata are more likely...
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...used to boost biofuels, helping to create the food crisis; and now the food crisis is being used to revive the fortunes of the GM industry.” — Daniel Howden, Africa correspondent of The Independent2 “The cynic in me thinks that they’re just using the current food crisis and the fuel crisis as a springboard to push GM crops back on to the public agenda. I understand why they’re doing it, but the danger is that if they’re making these claims about GM crops solving the problem of drought or feeding the world, that’s bullshit.” – Prof Denis Murphy, head of biotechnology at the University of Glamorgan in Wales3 commercialization, genetic engineering has failed to significantly increase US crop yields. The author, former US EPA and US FDA biotech specialist Dr Gurian-Sherman, concludes that when it comes to yield, “Traditional breeding outperforms genetic engineering hands down.”6 “Let’s be clear. As of this year [2008], there are no commercialized GM crops that inherently increase yield. Similarly, there are no GM crops on the market that were engineered to resist drought, reduce...
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...Management 15 Major HR Responsibilities of Line Management 15 HR Managers' Resonsibiiities: Disciplines Within HRW? 16 The Legal Environment: EEO and Diversity Management 17 Staffing 17 Training and Development 20 Employee Relations 20 Labor and Industrial Relations 20 Compensation and Benefits 20 Safety and Security 21 Ethics and Sustainability 21 HRM Careers 23 The Society for Human Resource Management Other HR Organizations 24 Professional liabiliy 24 23 The Practitioner's Model for HRM The Model 24 Sections of the Model 25 24 Trends and Issues in HRM 27 Technology and High-Performance Work Systems 27 Increasing Globalization 28 Ethical Issues—Reverse Discrimination Wrap-Up 28 29 Chapter Summary 30 Case 1.1 33 Chapter 2 Strategy-Driven Human Resource Management SHRM 38 39 Strategy and Strategic Planning in the 21 st Century The External Environment 41 41 Strategy 45 What Is...
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...selection, has attracted great interest and controversy over the years. Gender selection has been associated with a number of ethical, moral, social and legal issues. Sex selection may be performed for medical reasons to avoid sex-linked diseases or for parental preference. The topics I will be covering include eugenics, beneficence, utilitarianism and pre-genetic screening in regards to sex linked diseases. Eugenics can be defined as the study or belief in the possibility of improving the qualities of the human species. In the context of IVF treatment positive eugenics encourages reproduction by implantation of healthy embryos with inheritable desirable traits and negative eugenics seeks to identify and dispose of embryos found to carry undesirable inheritable traits. Utilitarianism in the context of IVF sex selection and genetic screening is defined by the principle of utility which seeks to judge moral rules, actions and behaviours on the basis of their consequences. Where an action produces the best possible outcome; that being the greatest good for the greatest number it is seen as ethical and moral. Therefore the testing, screening and disposal of genetically impaired embryos and implantation of only healthy and preferred embryos is justifiable because the outcome is seen as beneficial for the majority. The ethical principle...
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...INTRODUCTION • Attention Getter- Did you know that sixty percent of the food you eat contains one or more genetically modified ingredients? This percentage continues to grow every year, but could increase if the FDA lowers their already negligent requirements on GMFs, making it easier to distribute genetically modified food. • Topic- The controversy over genetically modified food • Ethos and Audience Adaptation- As an organic gardener and a concerned citizen, I know how difficult it is to find seeds that have not been genetically modified or encountered genetically modified organisms. Aside from this personal reason, I have researched genetically modified food for the past two weeks and have read thirty articles and seven books regarding the subject. As college students, most of us are not concerned with how our food is grown or the farmers who grow them. But in an age where food is no longer produced naturally, it is imperative that you know how safe our food is and the repercussions of decisions made by biotechnologists, the FDA, and the consumer, who all drive the market of GMFs and stock your local grocery. • Preview- In my speech I will go over what genetically modified foods are, where they are found, the risks and benefits, and why the labeling of genetically modified food remains problematic. BODY 1) What are genetically modified foods? a) GMFs are made by a technique called gene splicing b) Gene splicing A. Target organism’s DNA is cut...
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...your response. We are seeking to understand the opinions of veterans who receive health care through the VA. Thank you for your time. [Display] THANK YOU FOR AGREEING TO TAKE THIS SURVEY. THE SURVEY IS BEING DONE BY THE GENETICS AND PUBLIC POLICY CENTER AT JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY. FUNDING FOR THE SURVEY COMES FROM THE DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS (VA). THE PURPOSE OF THE SURVEY IS TO COLLECT OPINIONS FROM VETERANS WHO GET HEALTH CARE THROUGH THE VA ABOUT A RESEARCH PROJECT BEING CONSIDERED BY THE VA. All of the answers you provide in this survey will be kept confidential. No identifying information will be provided to the Genetics and Public Policy Center or the VA. The survey data will be reported in a summary fashion only and will not identify any individual person. This survey will take about 20 minutes to complete. [Display] THE GENOMIC MEDICINE PROGRAM Many diseases result from a mix of genetics, environment, and lifestyle. To figure out how genes, environment, and lifestyle interact to cause disease, a large number of people need to be studied. The VA would like to do this kind of research and is considering a project called the Genomic Medicine Program. This program would involve developing a database of blood samples, genetic information, and medical information of veterans who get health care through the VA. This database would be used by VA researchers to better understand diseases and disorders affecting veterans. [Display] Show the schema ...
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...used to develop a plot that has both the positive or negative aspects of science included. While watching the movies “I Am Legend” and “Extraordinary Measures” we where told to watch for the differences between the uses of chemistry for “Bad” or “Good” purpose and how it affected the movie in general. Through out the remainder of this paper I would like to highlight a quick summary on the movies we watched and how chemistry came into play through out the movies. The first movie we watched was the blockbuster film “I Am Legend”, where Robert Neville (played by Will...
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...“SCIENCE FICTION OR SCIENCE FACT” ARE WHITES INHERENTLY MORE INTELLIGENT THAN BLACKS ? ( Delroy Constantine-Simms University of Essex (UK) & Marciea Monique McMillian University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (USA) ABSTRACT The publication of Hernstein & Murray’s (1994) “The Bell Curve” appears to be the latest expression of pseudo scientific theories with respect to race and intelligence. This paper gives an historical and ideological insight behind the development and application of intelligence tests by citing examples of their impact on legislation, social policy and intervention programmes in relation to Blacks. More importantly, a discussion of cultural bias in test design focuses on the response of Black psychologists who developed Black intelligence tests that portray whites as intellectually inferior in the same manner that Blacks are portrayed as intellectually inferior on tests devised by white psychologist. Furthermore, The hereditary perspective of intelligence is challenged by empirical evidence that centres on children with white ancestry to assess whether white genes influence intelligence while citing several sources that support the environmental explanation of the race gap in test scores. Consequently, this discussion questions the reliability and validity of intelligence tests that are used to reinforce the Black intellectual inferiority myth. The conclusive argument suggests in no uncertain terms that the Bell Curve is nothing more than the repackaging...
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...Zhang October 16, 2013 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES iii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY iv INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT 1 MISSION STATEMENT 1 FINANCIAL RATIO ANALYSIS 1 STOCK ANALYSIS 2 VRIO TEST 3 CORE COMPETENCIES 3 Research & Development 3 Patents 5 Management Team 6 Reputation 7 CURRENT BUSINESS AND CORPORATE LEVEL STRATEGY 9 Business Level Strategy 10 Corporate Level Strategy 10 STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES 13 Strengths 10 Weaknesses 10 SWOT MATRIX 13 REFERENCES 25 LIST OF TABLES (need to redo these for internal tables) Table 1: Strategic Group Dimensions 13 Table 2: Liquidity Ratios 14 Table 3: Leverage Ratios 15 Table 4: Activity Ratios 15 Table 5: Profitability Ratios 16 Table 6: Growth Ratios 17 Table 7: Stock Analysis 18 MISSION STATEMENT Genomic Health is dedicated to addressing the difficult challenges of cancer treatment by utilizing genomics to help physicians and patients choose the most appropriate treatment options with optimal confidence. Table 1: Nine Components of a Mission Statement Customers | Yes | Products/Services | Yes | Markets | Yes | Technology | Yes | Survival, Growth, Profitability | No | Philosophy | Yes | Self-Concept | Yes | Public Image | No | Employees | No | FINANCIAL RATIOS ANALYSIS Cancer Genetics and Foundation Medicine were new public companies, so there were no history...
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...Chapter 1 Introduction to Pathophysiology Lee-Ellen C. Copstead Key Questions • What is pathophysiology? • How are etiology and pathogenesis used to predict clinical manifestations and response to therapy? • How are normal and abnormal physiologic parameters defined? • What general factors affect the expression of disease in a particular person? • What kinds of information about disease can be gained through understanding concepts of epidemiology? http://evolve.elsevier.com/Copstead/ • Review Questions and Answers • Glossary (with audio pronunciations for selected terms) • Animations • Case Studies • Key Points Review Pathophysiology derives from the intersection of two older, related disciplines: pathology (from pathos, suffering) and physiology (from physis, nature). Pathology is the study and diagnosis of disease through examination of organs, tissues, cells, and bodily fluids. Physiology is the study of the mechanical, physical, and biochemical functions of living organisms. Together, as pathophysiology, the term refers to the study of abnormalities in physiologic functioning of living beings. Pathophysiology seeks to reveal physiologic responses of an organism to disruptions in its internal or external environment. Because humans exhibit considerable diversity, healthy structure and function are not precisely the same in any two individuals. However, discovering the common and expected responses to abnormalities in physiologic functioning is useful, and it...
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...APPLICATION OF STATISTICS IN MEDICAL GENETICS INTRODUCTION "Significance" has a very particular meaning in biology thanks to statistics. How does this term prove an experiment's results are worth special attention? Once one has performed an experiment, how can one tell if the results are significant? For example, say if we are performing a genetic cross in which we know the genotypes of the parents. In this situation, we might hypothesize that the cross will result in a certain ratio of phenotypes in the offspring. But what if our observed results do not exactly match our expectations? How can we tell whether this deviation was due to chance? The key to answering these questions is the use of statistics, which allows us, geneticists, to determine whether our data are consistent with our hypothesis. Statistics and Human Genetics are twin subjects, having grown with the century together, and there are many connections between the two. Some fundamental aspects in particular the concept of Analysis of Variance, first arose in Human Genetics, while statistical and probabilistic methods are now central to many aspects of analysis of questions is human genetics. The most common areas where one can find an extensive applications of statistical methods in human genetics is * Human Genome Project * Linkage Analysis * Sequencing STATISTICAL GENETICS Statistical Genetics involves the identification of genetic variation to help us understand why certain people are...
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...Plagiarism (LPP) Mini-Research models and strategies curb plagiarism and develop writing and critical thinking Scientific-based research (SBR) supports the use of mini-research activities to increase student achievement © ProQuest LLC – May be reproduced for Educational Purposes September 2007 TABLE OF CONTENTS Topic Section Selected LM_Net Librarian Comments about Positive Strategies for Preventing Plagiarism Strategies for Creating Low Probability of Plagiarism Research Activities—Doug Johnson Bloom‘s Taxonomy of Higher-Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) and Mini-Research ProQuest Mini-Research Strategies Correlated to HOTS -- (Bloom‘s Taxonomy) Mini-Research Formal Model—Integrate Technology and Prevent Plagiarism Mini-Research Draft Summary Model Integrates Technology Methods and Skills Mini-Research Informal Model—Integrate Technology and Prevent Plagiarism Flexible Rubrics Model for Teacher Evaluation of Mini-Research Reports APPENDIX ProQuest Mini-Research Process vs. Traditional Research Renewed Emphasis on the Importance of Writing and Mini-Research Activities Scientific-based Research (SBR), Mini-Research and Student Achievement Comparing eLibrary, Google, and Print Library Benefits for Student Research Implications of the Pew and NWHS Studies of Student Internet Use 21 22 23 25 26 Page 2 6 9 10 12 15 17 20 1 Selected LM_Net Listserv Quotes on Positive Strategies for Preventing Plagiarism The following quotes were selected from responses to the issue of plagiarism...
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