...(Ting) Number: 30611 Class: BAE 5 Date: 20/06/2012 Table of Contents Executive summary 1 1. Introduction 2 2. Evaluation of ethical performance 3 2.1 Environmental issues 3 3. Evaluation of financial performance of Santos 5 3.1 Share price history 5 4. Recommendation 7 References 8 Executive summary Evaluating companies for their ethical and financial performance are important processes before deciding whether these firms could be invested in. The report aims at analyzing the energy company of Santos and to assist the client who is interesting in making ethical investment. This report focuses on environmental concern with pollution and the financial performance. The results indicate Santos did not perform ethically. The way of fracking could cause water pollution as well as fracking would endanger the health of human beings. In terms of financial performance, analyzing of financial performance of share price history over five past years indicated decrease. Overall, the graph shows that the share price fall dramatically in these years. It is recommended that not to invest in Santos, due to the ethical issue of fracking would pollute environment and damage health of people and the decline of the share price over five years. 1. Introduction This report was prepared for a client to advice whether Santos is an appropriate...
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...Land Use Control in Hydraulic Fracturing Prepared for Katherine Wears, Phd. Professor and Assistant Dean at Clarkson University Prepared by Martin Sable Student, Masters in Engineering Management at Clarkson University August 10, 2014 Executive Summary This paper will review the process of hydraulic fracturing, its effects on the environment, and the opposition against the practice. A chronological discussion of lobbying activities and regulatory actions will be discussed, with a particular focus on land use control. A discussion of some of the past and potential future litigation on land rights related to the subject will be covered. The paper will end with the author’s opinion on the subject and of the potential future of the industry. Background Hydraulic Fracturing is a method of simulating well production in both natural gas and oil wells. It was first introduced in 1947, and was adopted for commercial applications as early as 1949.15 The process involves drilling wells deep into ground rock formations, then injecting fluids at high pressure into the ground. The high pressure causes fracturing of the rocks that release gas or oil into the wells that may then be extracted. In 1968 high-volume hydraulic fracturing (HVHF) was introduced, in an effort to tap into the large shale basins containing deposits of natural gas. The main difference between this and conventional hydraulic fracturing is tremendous volume of fracturing fluids that are pumped...
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...FRACKING: GOOD THING Natural gas is rapidly emerging as a major fuel of the world economy, meeting the rising requirements of natural gas is hard to achieve. Fracking is one of the most important technologies for natural gas production. Fracking has been used widely in oil and gas industry for decades; it is a technique used to get gas and oil from shale rock. The process of fracking is injecting the mixture of water, sand and chemicals into the rock at a high pressure to release gas (BBC, 2013). Fracking technology experiences long time of development. In 1947, Stanolind Oil conducted the first experimental fracturing to stimulate natural gas; in 1949 Halliburton conducted the first commercial fracturing to extract natural gas (Montgomery and Smith, 2010). Until 2003 fracking was used widely, energy companies actively expand natural gas exploration in Texas and Pennsylvania (Eecworld, 2010). fracking played an important role in America's natural gas resources for many years and countries such as Canada, England and China are actively pursuing implementation of fracking. Nationally, fracking can boost energy industry and promote economic grow in countries. However, like any advanced technology, it can also raise environmental concerns, cause water and air pollution. Therefore, whether the advantages of fracking worth the disadvantages? Yes, it worth. fracking is good, so it should be used on a massive scale to contribute to the increasing demands of energy. There are three economy...
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...Demand for fossil fuels in America has led to a flurry of unorthodox methods for the extraction of natural gas. Fracking or hydrofracking in the U.S.A has proven to be an efficient way of extracting natural gas from permeable rock. A new large scale hydrofracking operation has been proposed in the eastern states of Ohio, Pennsylvania and New York. This method of extraction is highly controversial, and is thought to have severe environmental and potential health consequences. This essay will provide further insight into the practice of Fracking in an area of shale known as Marcellus shale, and help to expose the environmental and human implications. What is Hydrofracking? Hydraulic Fracturing is an un-conventional process used in the extraction of gas in permeable rock (David 1973). A horizontal well is drilled into permeable rock such as shale and is injected with millions of gallons a high pressure fluid known as frac-fluid, this fluid is a mixture of sand, water, and an array of lubricating chemicals (Deutch 2011). The high pressure frac-fluid forces open fishers (cracks) within the rock which are kept open with sand granules; this allows pockets of gas to flow more easily from the shale (David 1973). Once the well is depleted all fluid that can be recycled is extracted, and the well is capped to stop any unused gas escaping (David 1973). The process of fracking is expensive and requires a lot of resources including millions of gallons of water that is sourced from local reservoirs...
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...EVS1001 - Research Paper and Presentation Outline Global Climate Change Instructions: For your research paper and presentation, you’ll be researching a topic of your choice concerning global climate change. To help you organize ideas for your topic, you will first develop an outline. Use this outline template to help you build the structure of your paper. Here's how it will work: 1. Following the numbered steps, fill in the details in the light blue areas below. You may add additional lines as you see fit. 2. Refer to the examples in grey boxes to help you along. 3. By Sunday 11:59 PM (Mountain), upload your completed outline to the Dropbox. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ STEP 1. In one complete sentence, state the topic of your paper in the space below. Example: Renewable energy is a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels. Paper Topic: Air pollution is one such form that refers to the contamination of the air, irrespective of indoors or outside. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ STEP 2. Fill in the main points you want to talk about in your paper. Add more lines as necessary to cover all of your primary topics. Example: I. What fossil fuels are II. How fossil fuels contribute to global climate change III. Solar power IV. Wind power V. Hydroelectric power VI. Conclusion Outline...
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...Summary of LEEDCo Case Study The case study provides a historical insight into the wind-based renewable energy source, and brings to light LEEDCo—a regional non-profit and economic development organization, that is engaged in creating an offshore wind energy industry in Ohio. As commonly known, wind power is derived from airflow using wind turbines or sails to produce mechanical or electrical power. Typically, the mechanical power is harnessed from windmills, and transferred to an appropriate application, which requires power. Wind energy has been and currently is a preferred alternative to fossil fuels, on account that it is plentiful, renewable, widely distributed, clean, produces no greenhouse gas emissions during operation and uses little land. The effects on the environment are generally less problematic than those from other power sources. In the forefront of the case, a historical brief is given, depicting wind energy source history, its current utilization throughout the world in contrast to its harnessing and utilization in the US, and both the highlights and the troughs of wind-based energy industry development in the US. The examples and arguments for the above are structured in the context of economical, political, and social boundaries, and give the reader a good taste of what the “lay of the land” looks like. In August 2009, Lake Erie Energy Development Corporation (LEEDCo) found its beginnings from the Great Lakes Energy Development Task Force (GLEDTF)...
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...Natural gas clean-up from wellhead to UK gas grid Tom Andrew Word Count: 2467 Abstract The report examines the current state and future of natural gas clean-up in the UK. The sources of natural gas in the UK are currently undergoing a large shift, moving from self-produced gas from dwindling North Sea reserves to pipeline imports from Europe and liquefied natural gas imports from overseas. There is also potential for the UK to start extracting onshore shale gas resources. Natural gas clean-up is a multi-step process with several aims including the removal of water, removal of acid gases such as CO 2 and H2S, and extraction of liquid hydrocarbons for further sale. The merits of different techniques for achieving these goals are discussed. The environmental and economic challenges of natural gas processing are also examined. The environmental impact of natural gas processing is lower than other fossil fuel sources, but there are risks of greenhouse emissions, poisoning, and acid rain from methane and H 2S impurities during leaks or gas flaring, whilst process water can be dangerous unless properly treated. Several economic challenges of clean-up are identified, and the economic impact of increased liquid natural gas imports on the processing industry is discussed. 1. Introduction Natural gas is a gas mixture consisting of methane, ethane and propane, with smaller quantities of heavier hydrocarbons, carbon dioxide, nitrogen and hydrogen sulfide (Hammer et al., 2000). This mixture...
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...commodities to be a fairly unstable industry, and petroleum products are certainly no exception as they dominate the global marketplace. The factors affecting supply around the world are almost innumerable, ranging from political stability to exhausting reserves. At the same time, demand for petroleum based energy has become very inelastic in the modern world, and its supply has at times both propelled and suppressed economic growth. When these two realities clash, it is sure that a shortage of supply ultimately brings one certain result: skyrocketing prices. At the heart of this circumstance is the issue of security, and its associated effects on economies and living standards often bring it to the forefront of political stages around the industrialized world. The gravity of this reality is so substantial that even forecasted supply can have dramatic effects on the market. Anxiety and speculation over oil and gas futures cause prices to rise and fall exaggeratedly, creating a perilous game of long and short for money managers willing to take the risk. Today, the market is no less volatile. The most recent developments are raising hopes that energy security is becoming a worry of the past for the largest consumers around the world. The growth of global energy demand has all but come to a grinding halt, a result of economic and social circumstances throughout consuming markets that has consequently decreased energy prices. Meanwhile producers continue to expand production wherever it...
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...Australia 24 April, 2016 prepared by Executive Summary This report provides an analysis and importance of CSR reporting in mining industry, how well companies disclose social and environmental issue according to GRI guidelines. This article’s main focus is to describe trends of CSR reporting in mining companies in Australia. This article provides detailed overview of companies reporting format and structure, CSR disclosing motivation, how well company account for job losses and impact of reduction of oil price on companies. The purpose of this report is to describe CSR practice of mining companies in Australia and highlights the importance of sustainability reports regarding social and environmental perspective. This report is based on two major mining companies namely BHP Billiton and Rio Tin. The information used for writing this article is gathered from different researcher, annual reports, newspapers, and online articles, GRI guideline. Only Secondary data used to write report and study based on ASX registered companies companies in Australia are more aware of GRI reporting standards now and also know that how crucial it is to report on the sustainability issues from social and environmental perspective to have long term business and secure future. . Contents Executive Summary i Contents ii Introduction 3 Question a 3 Question b 5 Question c 7 Question d 8 Question...
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...Comprehensive Analysis and Recommendation Report By: Submittal Date: May 3rd, 2013. Table of Contents 1.Executive Summary............................................................................................3 2.History / Origins.…..............................................................................................4 3.Company Split-2012...........................................................................................6 4.Porters Five Forces.............................................................................................7 a. Barriers to Entry............................................................................. 7 b. Bargaining Power of Suppliers………….…………………………..8 c. Bargaining Power of Buyers........................................................... 8 d. Threat of Substitutes ......................................................................9 e. Competitive Rivalry ....................................................................... 9 5. SWOT Analysis ........................................................................................10 Strengths and Opportunities ........................................................ 10 Weaknesses and Threats ..............................................................13 6. Regulations and Subsidies .......................................................................14 7. Financial Statement...
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...Types and Uses of Renewable Energy and Their Influences DeVry University LAS-432 Professor Anthony Baker Team E Vincent Murr, Alisia Ngo, Mark Pick, Kristine Reed & Venrick Richards 02/25/14 Contents Introduction-Alisia Ngo 3 The Uses and Science of renewable Energy 7 History of Renewable Energy- Vincent Murr 10 Political Influence-Vincent Murr 15 Impact on the economy – Mark Pick 20 Cultural Issues-Kristine Reed 31 Environmental Effects- Kristine Reed 34 Moral and Ethical Concerns-Venrick Richards 38 Conclusion-Venrick Richards 46 References 50 Introduction-Alisia Ngo Throughout the 20th and 21st century, fossil fuels such as coal, petroleum, and natural gas have been essential to our way of life. In the past several decades scientists have warned that coal and oil have been diminishing and that it could take thousands of years for the earth to replenish what we have already used. With that being said finding other resources of energy is crucial to the conservation of our way of life as we know it. Evidence has shown that the U.S. relies heavily on oil, coal, and natural gas for its energy. So finding new ways to substitute these sources of energy through renewable energy like wind, and sunlight needs to be a high priority for local and state governments nationwide. In this paper I will explain why the need for renewable energy is so important to the environment and our way of life. I will speak specifically on the many types of renewable...
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...Introduction World Economic Forecast. According to the World Economic Forum 2014, leading financial experts told participant that that the global economy was cautiously optimistic. Even though the global economic activity has strengthened; and global growth is expected to be 3.7 percent in 2014 and 3.9 percent in 2015, old risks are still present and the coming years might bring volatility. Therefore how governments plan to recover from the economic meltdown might determine whether there will be inflation or deflation. In emerging economies exports are the main drivers of growth activity; demand of goods from the advanced economies will lead to growth although domestic conditions may also interfere with the growth. Although many emerging markets have started to benefit from increased external demand their domestic growth has been slower than expected, this has been attributed to political uncertainty, policies and bottlenecks, which has affected investments negatively. These countries include Brazil, Russia, Middle Eastern countries and North African Countries. (World Economic Outlook Update, January 2014) In the U.S, federal budget deficit has fallen and banks are recapitalizing and working off bad loans. There will be no additional fiscal austerity at the federal, state and local government level meaning that there will be no budget cuts, spending will likely remain the same or go up stimulating the economy, and accelerating GDP from an average of 2.2 in the last four years...
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...Political Factors - Governments controlling world hydrocarbon reserves → significant impact - OPEC controlling 75.5% of world reserves → highly influential - Political risks: Instability, expropriation/nationalization of property, terrorism, civil conflicts, strikes, wars, etc. → adverse effect - Environmental treaties (Kyoto protocol) → negative impact Economic Factors - Interdependence between world economy and oil industry: economic growth → growing demand for oil; but also: continual supply of oil at reasonable prices → stable economy - Inelastic demand → positive effect - US dollar (and US economy) →significant impact - Exchange rates → impact on buyers and suppliers Socio-cultural Factors - Values and beliefs shape preferences for energies → energy mix changing towards greener energies - Need for companies to show social responsibility → supporting sustainable human development through investments in education, training, social and environmental activities Technological Factors - Extremely technology-driven: improved upstream technologies →better recovery of hydrocarbon, recovering oil from reserves considered exhausted → improved profitability (gains) - Breakthrough technology in ultradeep-water extraction →competitive advantage for Petrobras - Advanced technology → profound impact on long-term sustainability . Industry Competition Analysis (Porter’s five forces) In order to create a profitable competitive strategy, a firm must first examine the basic competitive...
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...Examiners’ Report June 2013 GCE Geography 6GE03 01 Edexcel and BTEC Qualifications Edexcel and BTEC qualifications come from Pearson, the UK’s largest awarding body. We provide a wide range of qualifications including academic, vocational, occupational and specific programmes for employers. For further information visit our qualifications websites at www.edexcel.com or www.btec.co.uk. Alternatively, you can get in touch with us using the details on our contact us page at www.edexcel.com/contactus. Giving you insight to inform next steps ResultsPlus is Pearson’s free online service giving instant and detailed analysis of your students’ exam results. • See students’ scores for every exam question. • Understand how your students’ performance compares with class and national averages. • Identify potential topics, skills and types of question where students may need to develop their learning further. For more information on ResultsPlus, or to log in, visit www.edexcel.com/resultsplus. Your exams officer will be able to set up your ResultsPlus account in minutes via Edexcel Online. Pearson: helping people progress, everywhere Pearson aspires to be the world’s leading learning company. Our aim is to help everyone progress in their lives through education. We believe in every kind of learning, for all kinds of people, wherever they are in the world. We’ve been involved in education for over 150 years, and by working across 70 countries, in 100 languages, we have built an international...
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...Co-Authors: Tom Dowdall, Greenpeace David Pomerantz, Greenpeace Yifei Wang, Greenpeace Editor: David Pomerantz, Greenpeace Creative Direction & Design by: Arc Communications Published in April 2014 by Greenpeace Inc. 702 H Street, NW Suite 300 Washington, D.C. 20001 United States greenpeace.org 2 Contents Executive Summary 5 Company Scorecard 7 Cloud Source 9 Global Energy Snapshot 13 The Cloud’s Next Stop: China 17 The Road Map to a Green Internet 19 Your Online World: Green IRL, or #dirty? 25 Green Internet Leaders and Best Practices 29 Where the Cloud Touches the Ground -- Map: Global Data Center Hot Spots -- Map: US Data Center Hot Spots -- US Regional Profiles 35 36 38 40 Appendix 1: Methodology 42 Appendix 2: Company Scores Explained 44 Appendix 3: Company Data Center Facilities and Estimates of Power Demand 64 Notes 78 03 4 © Frank van Biemen / EvoSwitch / Greenpeace Greenpeace USA Clicking Clean: How Companies are Creating the Green Internet Executive Summary Executive Summary For the estimated 2.5 billion people around the world who are connected to the internet, it is impossible to imagine life without it. The internet has rewoven the fabric of our daily lives – how we communicate with each other, work and entertain ourselves – and become a foundation of the global economy. Seemingly on a daily...
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