...stay):Client’s blood pressure was 140/90 upon admission. | PRENATAL CARE: * Maternal and fetal vitals (includes FHR). * Fetal baseline: 130s * Variability (marked) * Fetal movement * BPP score of 8 * Prenatal labs * DTR’s ( 2+) | YEAR | TYPE of DEL | GEST AGE | F/M | BIRTH COMPLICATIONS | NB STATUS | 1.2004 | NSVD | 40 w | F | None | Living | 2.2008 | NSVD | 38 w | M | None | Living | 3.2013 | NSVD | 39 w | F | None | Living | 4. | | | | | | 5. | | | | | | OB/GYN/MEDICAL/SURGICAL/SOCIAL HISTORY: * Former smoker (Cigarettes) * Gravida 3 Para 3 * Post-partum depression (No meds during pregnancy) * Fibroid x 2 * PIH | MATERNAL LABS | Blood Type/Rh: O - | HgB/HCT:10.0 / 31.6 | WBC/Platelets:8.4 / 286 | GCT: 100 | GBS: Neg | HIV: Neg | Hep B: Neg | Rubella: Need vaccine | RPR/STS: Neg | Gonorrhea: Neg | Chlamydia: Neg | Other: | SUMMARY OF LABOR AND BIRTH | Labor OnsetDate: 3/25/13Time: 5: 30 amFull DilationDate: 3/25/13Time: 9:50 | Spontaneous Labor Labor InductionStim/AugmentationIndication: Cervidil PitocinCytotec | MembranesSROM AROMPROM PPROMDate: 3/25/13Time: 4:15 amAmount: ModerateColor: ClearOdor: odorless | MonitoringExternal TocoExt. Fetal USFSEIUPC | BirthDate:...
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...Chapter 1 Introduction to Pathophysiology Lee-Ellen C. Copstead Key Questions • What is pathophysiology? • How are etiology and pathogenesis used to predict clinical manifestations and response to therapy? • How are normal and abnormal physiologic parameters defined? • What general factors affect the expression of disease in a particular person? • What kinds of information about disease can be gained through understanding concepts of epidemiology? http://evolve.elsevier.com/Copstead/ • Review Questions and Answers • Glossary (with audio pronunciations for selected terms) • Animations • Case Studies • Key Points Review Pathophysiology derives from the intersection of two older, related disciplines: pathology (from pathos, suffering) and physiology (from physis, nature). Pathology is the study and diagnosis of disease through examination of organs, tissues, cells, and bodily fluids. Physiology is the study of the mechanical, physical, and biochemical functions of living organisms. Together, as pathophysiology, the term refers to the study of abnormalities in physiologic functioning of living beings. Pathophysiology seeks to reveal physiologic responses of an organism to disruptions in its internal or external environment. Because humans exhibit considerable diversity, healthy structure and function are not precisely the same in any two individuals. However, discovering the common and expected responses to abnormalities in physiologic functioning is useful, and it...
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...A Caucasian man with Hip Pain The management of pain can be tricky as sometimes-healthcare professions struggle between objective pain and associating the subjective pain which is what the patient says, “It is.” Understanding the Pathophysiology of pain and the cause of acute pain that lead to chronic pain is an essential aspect of managing pain. The nociceptive pain pathway is series of neurons that detect noxious stimuli that end up with pain; however, the pathway starts at the peripheral to the spinal cord and the brain (Stahl 2013). Knowing the pain pathway will help the PMHNP to understand the use of certain psychological drugs for the manage pain like Selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRI) for depression (Mehalick et al. 2016). According to the case study, the patient suffered from right hip pain that has been going...
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...When blood fills in intracranial space, intracranial pressure build up, brain tissue absorbs blood, and neural activity is diminished and then cell death begins. Depending on the type of vessel rupture, hemiplegia and hemiparesis usually occurs. With hemiplegia and hemiparesis, one side is affected and musculoskeletal disabilities develop. Sensorial, cognitive and behavioral changes can occur and the patient usually has ineffective coping due to loss, resulting in depression. Specific care must take place for the safety of the patient to prevent skin breakdown and falls. But through physical therapy and occupational therapy, a full recovery can happen. But for those with lasting disabilities, life can be challenging. Physical and occupational therapy can at least improve quality of life. It is up to the nursing staff, unlicensed personal, and family members to provide encouragement, motivation and guidance to bring these patients back to restorative...
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...Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Abstract Posttraumatic stress disorder is a common and disabling disorder that develops as a consequence of traumatic events and is characterized by distressing re-experiencing portions of the trauma, avoidance of reminders, emotional numbing and hyper-arousal. In spite of the deleterious impact of PTSD within the U.S. military, our current understanding of the human pathophysiology governing the divergent paths associated with extreme stress response the remains unabated. Given the widespread phenomenon of ‘trauma’, it begs the question of whether or not preexisting features accompany some suffers who have developed PTSD and why others may or may not face the same effect. Much research has been conducted in this arena and it seems that no one researcher has a definitive cause, much less a standardized treatment approach for PTSD sufferers. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) develops as a consequence of traumatic events such as interpersonal violence, disaster, severe accidents, or other life-threatening experiences. The most common characteristics of PTSD are the re-experiencing of symptoms linked to a specific event. Patients involuntary re-experience aspects of the traumatic event in a very vivid and distressing way. This includes: flashbacks, in which the person acts or feels as if the event were recurring, nightmares, intrusive images or other sensory impressions from the event. For example...
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...assignment guidelines and module supervision I believe some students are having difficulty finding the assignment guidelines, these are on webCT in the module handbook, however, to make them more explicit I have also copied the guidelines below. Hopefully you have been able to choose a patient and are making progress with your assignment, remember to use your module supervisor as you develop your piece of work. If your module supervisor in on leave for more than 1 week you may approach ONE other team member for help during your supervisor’s absence. Should you choose this option then you have a responsibility to inform your temporary supervisor of what guidance you have previously been given. Once your original supervisor returns they immediately resume their supervisory role and you should inform them of what advice you have received in their absence. all the best with your assignment Graham 10/6/10 CASE STUDY GUIDELINES FOR NU2285 This assignment should provide evidence of theoretical understanding underpinning practice. It is a summative assessment that requires you to write a 3000 word case study on an adult patient you are currently nursing. The patient must have a condition that is covered in the module content i.e. a patient who has a neurological, cardiac, respiratory, metabolic or neoplastic disorder. What is a CASE study? It is NOT a study of nursing care alone, and hence this is not a nursing care study. Case reflects all aspects of “care” provision...
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...NCLEX-RN® DETAILED TEST PLAN 2010 NCLEX-RN Detailed Test Plan ® Effective | April 2010 Item Writer/Item Reviewer/Nurse Educator Version Mission Statement The National Council of State Boards of Nursing, composed of member boards, provides leadership to advance regulatory excellence for public protection. Purpose and Functions The purpose of the National Council of State Boards of Nursing (NCSBN ) is to provide an organization through which boards of nursing act and counsel together on matters of common interest and concern affecting the public health, safety and welfare, including the development of licensing examinations in nursing. ® The major functions of NCSBN include developing the NCLEX-RN and NCLEX-PN examinations, performing policy analysis and promoting uniformity in relationship to the regulation of nursing practice, disseminating data related to NCSBN’s purpose and serving as a forum for information exchange for NCSBN members. ® ® Copyright© 2010 National Council of State Boards of Nursing, Inc. (NCSBN) All rights reserved. NCSBN , NCLEX , NCLEX-RN and NCLEX-PN are registered trademarks of NCSBN and this document may not be used, reproduced or disseminated to any third party without written permission from NCSBN. ® ® ® ® Permission is granted to boards of nursing to use or reproduce all or parts of this document for licensure related purposes only. Nonprofit education programs have permission to use or reproduce all or parts of this document...
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...APU - UNRS 212 - Medical- Surgical Nursing I Simulation Assignment - Learner Preparation Learning Objectives: Upon completion of this Simulation and Preparation the student will: 1. Comprehend the pathophysiology of diabetes, signs, symptoms and interventions in a crisis. 2. Design an individualized plan of care for the nursing management of a patient with diabetes including hypo and hyperglycemia and teaching. 3. Prioritize the implementation and approach to the nursing care of a patient with diabetes in an acute crisis and for daily maintenance. 4. Evaluate the patient’s response to interventions and modifies the nursing care as appropriate for the patient with diabetes. Prepare a brief care plan for this client with expected outcomes and expected nursing interventions and rationales for at least 3 Nursing Diagnoses for a patient with hyperglycemia. Questions to prepare for the simulation clinical experience: Can write in bullet points or summary…. 1. Describe the pathophysiologic changes in diabetes. a. Why do blood glucose levels increase? i. Blood glucose levels increase when the body does not have sufficient insulin or when the body cannot utilize the insulin appropriately. If there is too little insulin, glucose cannot get into the cell. The cell is starving due to glucose not being able to enter the cells, therefore leading the increase of glucose production by the liver. Insulin is needed to breakdown sugar for...
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...PUEBLO COMMUNITY COLLEGE NURSING NUR 211 Psychiatric-Mental Health Nursing Supplemental Learning Guide Course Objectives * Relate the minimum requirements for the course. * Illustrate the use of competencies for learning. * Formulate own needs and responsibilities relative to meeting course competencies. * Relate course/clinical assignments and evaluation * Distinguish how the major concepts (see Nursing Student Handbook) of the program are affected by the variety of conditions and diseases within this course for all age groups. Outline A. Orientation to course 1. Course descriptions 2. Course outcomes/competencies 3. Textbooks B. Course Requirements 1. Student assignments and responsibilities 2. Minimum level of achievement 3. Evaluation tools C. Course/ Clinical Assignments and Evaluation D. Major Concepts 1. Caring 2. Clinical judgment, clinical reasoning, and nursing judgment 3. Clinical microsystem 4. Collaboration 5. Critical thinking 6. Cultural competence and Diversity 7. Ethics 8. Evidence-based care 9. Healthcare environment 10. Human flourishing 11. Informatics and Information management 12. Integrity 13. Knowledge, skills, and attitudes 14. Leadership 15. Nursing and Nursing Process 16. Nursing-sensitive indicators 17. Patient and Patient-centered care 18. Personal and Professional development 19. Professional identity ...
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...short term but also may enhance the patient’s compliance with primary and supportive treatments and may improve quality of life.[5] When a patient has a refractory, widely disseminated malignancy for which specific therapy is no longer being pursued, the patient may want to consider withholding therapy for hypercalcemia. For patients or families who have expressed their wishes regarding end-of-life issues, this may represent a preferred timing and/or mode of death (as compared with a more prolonged death from advancing metastatic disease). This option is best considered long before the onset of severe hypercalcemia or other metabolic abnormalities that impair cognition, so that the patient may be involved in the decision making. In this summary, unless otherwise stated, evidence and practice issues as they relate to adults are discussed. The evidence and application to practice related to children may differ significantly from information related to adults. When specific information about the care of...
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...occurs with a sudden decrease in a patient’s level of consciousness. It may be accompanied by inattention directly related to the care being given or by a change in cognition. (cite AACN practice alert) There are a variety of possible causes of delirium. These causes include: alcohol withdrawal, sepsis, pneumonia, electrolyte imbalances, liver failure, encephalitis, head trauma, meningitis, the use of many medications and abrupt withdrawal of medications. Most medical diagnosis and their possible complications can lead to some form of delirium. Delirium can manifest in two very different ways, hypoactive and hyperactive. Hypoactive delirium is characterized by a state of mental absence, confusion and inattention, very similar in nature to depression. Hyperactive delirium is more easily diagnosed as patients act out of character, try to escape, pull at lines, and threaten staff....
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...for left lower extremity ischemia, angiogram, thrombolysis, bypass femoral popliteal thrombectomy, irrigation and debridement of wound, and a fasciotomy. Then, he was taken back to the OR for debridement of left anterolateral muscular compartment necrosis. This morning, he was noted to be “confused”. The patient was stable and oriented until at least yesterday evening. Per the primary team, he did not appear confused when seen at 6am. He was also noted to have a temperature of 37.4. He did not have any labs checked for 2 days, but this morning his labs were notable for leukocytosis of 13 from 9, hemoglobin on 6.2 from 7.6, and Na of 131 from 136. The patient denies any specific complaints, but does not appear to focus on questions. Pathophysiology: Popliteal aneurysms are defined as localized dilatations of the popliteal artery greater than 2 cm in diameter or an increase of 1.5 times the normal arterial size (Galland, 2007)....
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...hospitalization in people older than 65. Roughly 550,000 people are diagnosed with heart failure each year (Emory Healthcare, 2014). Heart failure is a pathologic state where the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the demand of the body’s metabolic needs or when the ventricle’s ability to fill is impaired. It is not a disease, but rather a complex clinical syndrome. The symptoms of heart failure come from pulmonary vascular congestion and inadequate perfusion of the systemic circulation. Individuals experience orthopnea, fatigue, dyspnea, cough with frothy sputum, peripheral edema, and decreased urinary output. Heart failure is caused by many conditions that damage the heart’s muscle. Any form of heart disease can lead to heart failure. A1. Pathophysiology Heart failure arises as a consequence of an abnormality in cardiac structure, conduction, rhythm, or function (Figueroa & Peters, 2006). Heart failure always begins with an index event. This event could be silent, as with the expression of a genetic mutation, or obvious, such as a myocardial infarction (Francis & Tang, 2003). Heart failure can be categorized into systolic ventricular dysfunction also known as systolic heart failure or diastolic ventricular dysfunction also known as diastolic heart failure. Each type can occur alone or both can occur together in an individual. In most patients, abnormalities of systolic and diastolic dysfunction coexist. Heart Failure indicates not only the hearts inability to provide appropriate...
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...Heart Failure Western Governors University Pathopharmacological Foundations for Advanced Nursing Practice Heart Failure It is estimated that about five million people in the United States are living with heart failure with an overwhelming number of 550,000 newly diagnosed cases each year, costing the nation roughly $32 billion dollars per year (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2016). Heart failure is a complex, pathophysiological condition in which the ventricles of the heart is weakened and unable to pump effectively to meet the body’s needs for nutrients or has lost adequate filling capacity. Clinical presentations of heart failure depends on which ventricles have failed to pump blood adequately; left ventricular failure, also known as congestive heart failure (CHF) is more common than right ventricular failure (McCance & Huether, 2014). The most common symptoms of heart failure are shortness of breath, fatigue, and peripheral edema. HF is not a disease, but rather a manifestation of a diseased heart. Large number of disorders can lead to heart failure, and with the aging population and many surviving primary cardiac events, it is no surprise that the most common reason for hospitalization in patients older than 65 years old is heart failure (McClintock, Mose, & Smith, 2014). Heart failure has become a major public health problem because it is the only cardiac condition that continues to increase in prevalence (McClintock, Mose, & Smith, 2014)...
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...Topic presentation on Cardiomyopathy INDEX S.N | CONTENT | PG.NO | 1 | Introduction | 5 | 2 | Definition Cardiomyopathy | 5 | 3 | Classification | 6 | 4 | Risk Factors | 7 | 5 | Clinical Manifestations | 7 | 6 | Diagnostic Evaluation | 7-9 | 7 | Dilated CardiomyopathyDefinition,Charecteristics,Types , Causes,Diagnostic Evaluation,Pathophysiology,Clinical Manifestations,Medical Management | 10-17 | 8 | Hypertrophic CardiomyopathyIncidence,Causes,Charecteristics,Clinical Manifestations,Medical And Nursing Management | 18-21 | 9 | Restrictive Cardiomyopathy-Other Names,Causes,Pathophysiology,Clinical Manifestations,Diagnostic Evaluation,Medical Management | 23-26 | 10 | Surgical management | 27-32 | 11 | Prevention | | 12 | Nursing Management,Home Care Management | 32-40 | 13 | Complications | 40-42 | 14 | Conclusion | 42 | 15 | Research Abstract | 42-43 | 16 | References | 44 | GENERAL OBJECTIVE: On completion of the course the students aquires indepth knowledge regarding cardiomyopathy and able to apply this knowledge with a positive attitude. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE: On completion of the course the students are able to * Define cardiomyopathy * Classify cardiomyopathy ...
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