...In recent years, the pressure of urbanization has affected the urban environment of Iranian cities on a large scale and it makes the serious environmental damages to the body of these cities. In order to, the urban environment can be considered as a commercial product that it has to change according to the citizen’s desired during the time. This situation for big cities like Mashhad has a special status. Another side, Mashhad is a religious Metropolis and it attracts about 20 million pilgrims every year. Thus, migration to Mashhad with the aim of achieving to the job opportunities and better income is the main motivation for the youth immigrant. This fast growth rate of urban areas has given rise to immense social, economic and physical problems...
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...Haier’s competitive advantage in China over time followed by an analysis of the sustainability of the current position. Haier’s Competitive Advantage It is our view that the Haier company, under the leadership of founder and CEO Zhang Ruimin established a strong position in the Chinese market with respect to its competition. The company achieved this through a continuous evolution of a multi faceted strategy. Focusing firstly on on product quality and building a brand reputation, then adding in exemplary customer service followed by access to the remotest locations in China coupled with product localizations; the company was able to drive a continuous evolution of its value proposition. In parallel its focus on efficiency of production and operations drove cost advantages as it leveraged process improvements, economies of scale and scope. In the next section we outline the analysis of the sources of competitive advantage. Summary of Value Stick An essential element of the success of Haier in gaining and maintaining its competitive advantage was a deliberate and continuous approach to improving both cost and value drivers in its business. Each of the elements shown in the Value Stick comparison below were built on in key phases over time. Figure 1 - Value Stick Comparison Figure 1 - Value Stick Comparison Sources of Competitive Advantage Figure 2: Value Chain Activities Analysis Additional key resources and capabilities for Haier’s competitive advantage...
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...namely; environmental, social and economic. Environmental aspects relate to water, land, atmospheric impact (global warming); including energy and chemical use. - Social sustainability can include human and workers' rights and community issues. Economic aspects include financial transparency, accountability and corporate governance, for example, Starbucks' global policy involves close monitoring of and governing of sustainable practices within the organization. - These practices promote sustainable practices at every touch point; farms (where the raw materials are produced); distribution of raw materials, packaging of products and delivering of goods. - b) Outline and explain Marshall & Toffel’s (2005) hierarchy of ecological motivations model, including the implication of the model for marketers when discussing sustainability. (40%) - c) Detail at least four benefits of pursuing a sustainability strategy, using examples to support your response. In addition, comment on the potential risks of implementing such a strategy. (40%) - Sustainable development defined as the configuring of human activity so that societies are able to meet current needs while preserving natural ecosystems for future generations is essential...
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...based on the themes of Urban Governance and Bottom of the Pyramid Approaches for Urban Sustainability. Through their work, the groups will also contribute to the preparation of Core Business Principles for Sustainable Urbanization that will be presented at the Fifth Session of the World Urban Forum to be held in Rio de Janeiro in May 2010. Given the challenge of urban poverty, with 1 billion slum dwellers projected to rise to more than 1.4 billion by 2020, UNHABITAT is well aware that the private sector is not merely a part of the solution, but instead is a vital partner that must be engaged if the world’s cities are to achieve sustainability. The challenge is first and foremost to address the shelter and basic services needs of low-income segments in urban areas. A further challenge is to scale-up operations through new partnerships in order to address the daunting challenge of rapid urbanization. Ensuring harmonious cities starts by dealing with the slums and finding affordable solutions for those deprived from decent housing and other essential services who find themselves systematically marginalized by mainstream urban market economics. The private sector can play a pivotal role in the process of empowering those at the bottom of the economic pyramid leading to a sustainable and stable urban community. This first draft is intended to guide the working group in the first place. The working group shall update its content and add recommendations based on concrete examples presented...
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...animal husbandry, but in a CAFO the animal feed is brought to the animals which are seldom moved, and in MIRG the animals are bunched up and constantly moved to fresh forage. There are many modern-day forms of intensive crop based agriculture, but they are all characterised by innovations designed to get the most yields per acre possible. This is usually done by a combination of multiple crops per year, very few if any fallow years, and improved cultivars. It can sometimes also involve the use of high inputs of fertilizers, plant growth regulators orpesticides, and mechanization. Most large modern intensive farms include innovation in agricultural machinery and farming methods, genetic technology, techniques for achieving economies of scale in production, the creation of new markets for consumption, the application of patent protection to genetic information, and global trade. These farms are widespread in developed nations and increasingly prevalent worldwide. Most of the meat, dairy, eggs, fruits, and vegetables available insupermarkets...
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...internationalisation into our activities This means that …. Our staff understand what internationalisation means for the University of Leeds. We have country and regional engagement plans which support our international strategic agenda and priorities and secure our international presence and profile. We provide an international experience for all students, through internationalisation of the curriculum and increasing opportunities for home students to engage with international activity through Leeds for Life. We understand how internationalisation supports research performance. We have a diverse and vibrant community, including high-quality international students and staff. Alumni relation activities support the internationalisation agenda. Create sustainable recruitment of high quality international students This means that… International partnerships, collaborative teaching programmes and student exchange schemes support our international recruitment activities. We experience a strong level of demand from high-quality international students. There is a shared common understanding of the primary factors which attract high quality international students. We recruit students from diverse markets to all levels of study and across subject areas, in accordance with our strategic priorities. Students receive excellent and creative teaching and are well supported, academically and pastorally, through the Leeds model for personal tutoring. The programme offer across the University meets the needs...
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...number of centuries. Nearly 446 million which is half the world’s 969 million poor call South Asia their home and all of them live on less than US$ 1 per day. This is almost two times than the quantity of poor that live in Sub-Saharan Africa (298 million poor living under US$ 1 each day. (Ahmed et al. 2007). A complete appreciation of the poverty condition and the way that tourism can address this conditioninvolves an acceptance of the wider social forces that play a part in the socio-economic system of the mountains. It has not gone undetected that the area is going through anage of unbelievable environmental and politicalalteration, which is giving rise to socio-economic consequences. It has been claimed that tourism is the most likely approach to these changes and can generate much desirable means for the reworking practice building upon the assets of the area. Although tourism may be the answer to these changes but the real test is to ensure that it is managed well and that its profits are shared by all. The remarkable mountainous regions of Central Asia, the Hindu Kush and the Himalayas now captivate ever-increasing amounts of international travellers enticed by the distinctive natural beauty and culture of these previously un-charted regions. The inter-disciplinary project kindly backed by the Norwegian Government and UNESCO regular programme funds aim’s to launch associations and encourage relationship between local populations, national and international NGOs, and tour...
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...Green infrastructure is an approach that communities can choose to maintain healthy waters, provide multiple environmental benefits and support sustainable communities. Unlike single-purpose gray stormwater infrastructure, which uses pipes to dispose of rainwater, green infrastructure uses vegetation and soil to manage rainwater where it falls. By weaving natural processes into the built environment, green infrastructure provides not only stormwater management, but also flood mitigation, air quality management, and much more. Programmes in green infrastructure Provides information on how you can get involved including ways to protect human health and the environment by raising awareness about potential threats to your drinking water, local rivers, lakes, streams, wetlands, the fish and shellfish you eat, and aquatic ecosystems. Adopt Your Watershed – This program challenges you to serve your community by taking part in activities to protect and restore your local watershed. After the Storm – Weather emergencies such as flooding can introduce pollutants to your water supply. Learn how to protect your source of water and find out what to do in the event that your drinking water is compromised. Bring Back the Water Fountain -Partnering with government across the nation through the to reinvigorate our nation's supply of public drinking fountains. Emergency Preparedness – identify some of the issues you may face preparing for, during and after an event that can directly threaten...
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...South-South cooperation for development 1. Introduction South-South Cooperation (SSC) and Triangular Cooperation (TC) are emerging forms of aid architecture far from the traditional “North-South” model. SSC, based on the attainment of internationally agreed development goals, including the Millennium Development Goals, is meant to strengthen developing countries’ voice and their bargaining power in multilateral negotiations. It also gives them the opportunity to promote self-sufficiency among them and strengthen their economic ties. South-South cooperation has existed for at least sixty years. It has become much more prominent in the past decade. Many Southern countries have emerged as important actors in the global economy. Their exact contribution to development is hard to quantify. Yet, they have provided ample support, in terms of financial assistance, capacity building, skill and personnel exchange, and technology transfer. However, despite the fact that SSC can be more sustainable than traditional North-South cooperation allowing better adaptation to the country situation, in practice there is still no shared understanding on the very nature and goals of SSC. This is true on the basis of the various and sometimes divergent “interpretations” on SSC given by both emerging economies and developed countries. Some argue that South-South Cooperation should not be seen as a substitute for, rather a complement to North-South cooperation, while others argue that the two models...
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...such as floods, droughts and tropical cyclones afflict many regions of the world, but their impact in terms of lives lost and livelihoods disrupted tends to fall most heavily on the poor in developing countries. Climate change threatens to heighten these impacts in many areas, both by changing the frequency and/or intensity of extreme events and by bringing changes in mean conditions that may alter the underlying vulnerability of populations to hazards. The result in the decades to come may be an increase in the global burden of weather-related disasters: events that can threaten the sustainability of development processes and undermine progress toward poverty reduction. Holistic management of disaster risk requires action to reduce impacts of extreme events before, during and after they occur, including technical preventive measures and aspects of socio-economic development designed to reduce human vulnerability to hazards. Approaches toward the management of climate change impacts also have to consider the reduction of human vulnerability under changing levels of risk. A key challenge and opportunity therefore lies in building a bridge between current disaster risk management efforts aimed at reducing vulnerabilities to extreme events and efforts to promote climate change adaptation. There is a need to understand better the extent to which current disaster management practices reflect future adaptation needs and assess what changes may be required if such practices are...
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...Executive Summary The new version of globalization sees the trans- and multinational companies being the major players guided by the policies and treaties of the oversight international organizations and supported by technology. Given that the focus continues to be cross border trade, integration and investment, in the absence of any communal decision making process with defined criteria, it has been clear that globalization continues to be challenged with respect to ethical decision making for sustainable development. This paper summarizes the role and function of the major globalization oversight organizations and touches on the extent of the power that they wield. It briefly discusses the advantages and disadvantages of globalization and attempts to identify the goals of globalization and given these goals and the identification of the stakeholders and subsequently to evaluate whether or not it is a driver or barrier to ethical decision making and sustainable development. ‘Ethics is more than the right thing to do: it's the smart thing to do.’ Global Institute of Ethics 1.0 Introduction It appears to be no easy feat to get a precise definition for Globalization. The definition can range from that of Nobel prize-winning economist Joseph Stiglitz who defined it as “the closer integration of the countries and peoples of the world which has been brought about by the enormous reduction of costs of transportation and communication...
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...Especially in complex building project. As the construction field in need of resources like steel, cement, and power generation, it could definitely affect the eco-friendly system. Hence the sustainability of environmental and economic assessment should be conduct in entire life cycle of building construction project (Chan-joong Kim, 2015)The economic, social development and environmental protection are the major aspects of sustainability in building industry, which represents the impact of using raw material. Moreover the developed countries like Europe and USA has the findings that building operation contributes more to greenhouse gas emissions (B. De Meester, 2008). The usage of energy intensive elements is right from the start of the building which gives more importance to the development of environmental sustainability. But it is highly concern that environmental should not be consider in the single phase also with the whole life cycle. If consider this in all the phase, environmental aspects like extraction, manufacturing and construction activities are embedded together (Blengini, 2009) The strategies for sustainable environment shows the process of using streamline Life Cycle Assessment (Stephen J.Clune, 2014).This streamline is...
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...Integrated Approach to Achieve Success Authors: Michael Armstrong & Angela Baron Publication: JAICO Publication House, 2012 Approach: * Strategic in the sense that it is concerned with the broader issues facing the business if it is to function effectively in its environment and with the general direction in which it intends to go to achieve longer-term goals. * Integrated in four senses: * Vertical integration- linking or aligning businesses, team and individual objectives. * Functional integration- linking functional strategies in different part of the business. * HR integration- linking different aspect of HRM. * Individual needs integration- linking organizational and individual need together as far as possible. Performance: Performance is defined as “a multi-dimensional construct, the measurement of which varies, depending on a variety of factors. It is important to determine whether the measurement objective is to assess performance outcomes or behavior.” History of Performance management: According to the author the history of performance management formally evolved out of the work of Frederick Taylor. Then the merit-rating came to the fore in the USA and the UK in the 1950s and 1960s, when it was sometimes rechristened performance appraisal. Management by objectives then came out in the 1960s and simultaneously, experiments were made with the critical incident technique and behaviorally anchored rating scales. A revised...
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...GE BANGLADESH Green Economy: A Revolution for Economic Movement in Bangladesh Review of Literature: Reaching in the 21st century, while the whole world is moving towards the merge of development, on the contrary deeply concerned about its sustainability as the way of this economy is traditional and hampered as well. The costs of fossil-fuel based brown economy on socio-economy and environment, known as the way of traditional, have been remarked all over the world. These concerned observations motive people to think of an alternative economic system which is called green economy or environment friendly economy. This thinking has been reflected in many literatures by many persons and organizations as follows: United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), noted in 2008 “There is growing recognition that humanity faces a severe environmental emergency. Modern economies have been built on an unsustainable foundation. Activities ranging from agriculture and mining to manufacturing, services, and transportation rely on fossil fuels, generate copious amounts of pollution and waste, and undermine critical ecosystems, ecoservices, and life support while Green economy is one which ensures human and social wellbeing with reduced environmental risks and ecological scarcities.” In its simplest expression, a green economy can be thought of as one which is low carbon, resource efficient and socially inclusive. Practically speaking, a green economy is one whose growth in income and employment...
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.......................................................... 7 Conclusions............................................................................................................................................ 10 References ............................................................................................................................................. 11 Introduction Charcoal is a prime source of energy in most African country, as well as a driving force of their economies with estimated annual growth rates of around 3.7 percent [1]. Surprisingly enough, policy makers pay little attention to the ways in which charcoal is produced and sold – e.g. the question as to whether wood used for charcoal burning is harvested in a sustainable fashion. For lack of coherent policies, charcoal production, transportation and distribution remain, above all, informal and unregulated – rendering them inefficient and risky [2]. Besides, various stages of the charcoal supply chain impact in multiple ways on the economic, social, and environmental aspects of the MDG agenda. The observation that charcoal does not receive...
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