MEMORANDUM
To: Dr. Eric Rice
From: Sai (Rosa) Luo
Subject: Questions about Management

What is management? What do managers do?
The main processes of management were planning, organizing, motivating and controlling. Planning means deciding on a course of action to achieve a desired result. Organizing means setting up and staffing the most appropriate organization to achieve the aim. Motivating means exercising leadership to motivate people to work together smoothly and to the best of their ability as part of a team. What’s more, controlling means measuring and monitoring the process of work in relation to the plan and taking corrective action when required. But this classical view has been challenged by the empiricists, such as Rosemary Stewart and Henry Mintzberg, who studied how managers actually spend their time. They observed that the work of managers is fragmented, varied and subject to continual adjustment. It is governed to a large degree by events over which managers have little control and by a dynamic network of interrelationships with other people.

How do managers spend their time?
Managers spend their time effective. If they were ineffective managers, they never leave the office. The door may even remain shut most of the day. They do this because they hate their job. To avoid confronting this harsh reality on a daily basis, they sit in their office seething . Isolated. Seluded. If they were ineffective managers, they never stay in the office. You can never find these people. Ineffective manager may be forced to travel a lot. Beyond that, they make themselves as unavailable as possible no matter where they are. They communicate at a bare minimum, so they assume people can read their minds. Paying attention to office politics is an unheard-of skill to the mismanaging boss. They claim they are so engrossed in their own job, they can not be