...Diffusion of Innovation (DOI) Theory, developed by E.M. Rogers in 1962, is one of the oldest social science theories. It originated in communication to explain how, over time, an idea or product gains momentum and diffuses (or spreads) through a specific population or social system. The end result of this diffusion is that people, as part of a social system, adopt a new idea, behavior, or product. Adoption means that a person does something differently than what they had previously (i.e., purchase or use a new product, acquire and perform a new behavior, etc.). The key to adoption is that the person must perceive the idea, behavior, or product as new or innovative. It is through this that diffusion is possible. Adoption of a new idea, behavior, or product (i.e., "innovation") does not happen simultaneously in a social system; rather it is a process whereby some people are more apt to adopt the innovation than others. Researchers have found that people who adopt an innovation early have different characteristics than people who adopt an innovation later. When promoting an innovation to a target population, it is important to understand the characteristics of the target population that will help or hinder adoption of the innovation. There are five established adopter categories, and while the majority of the general population tends to fall in the middle categories, it is still necessary to understand the characteristics of the target population. When promoting an innovation, there...
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...How do you feel when knowing that you are just an adopted child - not the biological child? These conditions are experienced by many children after they have grown up they eventually find out that they are not the biological child of the two parents who have raised them. Surely knowing that they are only adopted children is very painful. It really hurts. So as parents what actions would you take after the children you have raised know the actual condition? Why do spouses have to adopt a child? Spouses sometimes have difficulty having children until they finally decided to raise a child as their heart entertainer. But parents sometimes do not realize that raising a child will become a problem later on if the child knows that they are only adopted children. When parents decide to adopt children, they should be able to keep it secret by moving to a new house or moving to another city. It's very important to keep the adopted child's feelings. I know a friend of mine who is in fact an adopted child. He told me he was deeply hurt when he found out he was only an adopted child. His foster parents kept it secret but neighbors let the cat out of the bag. He overheard a conversation that mentioned him being an adopted child. He was not brave enough to ask his parents. In my opinion, adopted child or biological child is not a problem. Adopted child who has grown up since he or she was a baby is just like a child of their own. He will have the nature of people who raised him....
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...Inter-country Adoption: A Brief Background and Case Study Inter-country adoption (ICA) is a practice that has gained popularity over the years, and there is every reason to believe this trend will continue. For couples (or individuals) whose country of residence has few healthy babies available for adoption, going outside the country for a child is a desirable option. It is also desirable from the perspective of the child, who usually comes from a country with more available children than potential adoptive parents. Right away, these seem to be two very compelling reasons to support the idea of inter-country adoption, and work toward its best model. The purpose of this paper is to give an overview of inter-country adoption using India as a case study. The paper will give a brief background of ICA and the main problems it both addresses and raises, then look at the case of India in particular, and, finally, provide some directions for policy and further research. Background on ICA ICA began in earnest as a response by North American countries to the post-WWII devastation. At that point, it was a humanitarian reaction to the needs of the newly-orphaned children in Europe. Since that time, ICA has shifted its focus to become a means for individuals in the developed world to have children. In most Western nations, the number of healthy infants available for adoption has been steadily decreasing, due to a number of social and economic factors including widespread...
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...QUESTIONS PRESENTED Samantha has a 17 year old son named Alex and is seeking advice. Alex just found out that his 15 year old girlfriend Elizabeth is pregnant. Elizabeth wants to give the baby up for adoption but Alex with the help of his mother and the rest of their family would like to parent the child despite his young age. Elizabeth and her parents would prefer that the baby be adopted by a married couple because they would be mature enough to handle taking care of the child. What are Alex’s rights? What is Elizabeth entitled to do in this situation and what would the possible outcome be in this case? DISCUSSION Over the past few decades, unmarried fathers have challenged the termination of parental rights under the Fourteenth Amendment in cases in which birth mothers like Elizabeth relinquished their children for adoption. In a case such as the above, courts would affirm the constitutional protection when the father (Alex) establishes a substantial relationship with his child. In this case, the existence of a biological link between the child and a putative father gives the father the chance to establish a substantial relationship with his child. Clearly Alex is committing to the responsibilities of parenthood, by attempting to be involved in the child’s upbringing. It is further noted in In re Tricia M., 74 Cal. App. 3d 125 (Cal. App. 4th Dist. 1977) “Cal. Civ. Code § 7001. The parent and child relationship extends equally to every child and...
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...Gay Adoption Family is not determined by blood relations, legal documents, or a last name. The traditional definition of family is one man and one woman raising their children together. The key word is traditionally; America is so caught up in traditions. Traditionally, it would be ridiculous to think that a child could be raised in a gay household. But it is becoming more acceptable in our society to embrace different ideas of what a family should be, such as the acceptance of gay adoption. Gay adoption should be allowed because there are far too many children without loving homes, because it is prejudice to deny homosexuals the right to adopt based on sexuality, and because it is narrow-minded to assume that heterosexuals make better parents than homosexuals do. In the United States alone, the number of children forced into the foster care system is unimaginable. According to the most current Adoption and Foster Care Analysis and Reporting System Report there were about 423,773 children in foster care in the United States on September 30, 2009 ("The afars report," 2010). Each foster child in the system should have a chance at adoption. To deny homosexuals the right to adopt is heartbreaking for both the child and the potential gay parent or couple. Gay parents are already serving as foster parents towards children; adoption is simply confirming the legal rights of the gay couple. The sexual orientation of a potential parent looking to adopt should not matter; the child should...
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...Inter-Country Adoption Republic Act Number 8043 Inter-country Adoption • Refers to the socio-legal process of adopting a Filipino child by a foreigner or a filipino citizen permanently residing abroad where the petition is filed, the supervised trial custody is undertaken, and the decree of adoption is issued outside the Philippines Child • Means a person below fifteen (15) years of age unless sooner emancipated by law The phrase “unless sooner emancipated by law”- erroneous because RA 6809 which took effect on December 18, 1989, the age of emancipation is 18 years Authorized and accredited agency • Refers to the State welfare agency or licensed adoption agency in the country of the adopting parents which provide comprehensive social services and which is duly recognized by the Department Legally-free child • Means a child who has been voluntarily or involuntarily committed to the Department, in accordance with the Child and Youth Welfare Code • RA 6809 (December 18, 1989) Age of emancipation: 18 years Foreign Adoption Agency • Refers to the State welfare agency or the licensed and accredited agency in the country of the foreign adoptive parents that provides comprehensive social services an is duly recognized by the Department • Child-Caring Agency vs Child Placement Agency • Application –Homestudy report –Supporting documents Inter-country Adoption Board • The Inter‐Country Adop1on Board (ICAB) created by Republic...
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...focuses on the implementation of ABC, the benefits derived and the problems encountered in using the system. An Exploratory Research on the Implementation of Activity Based Costing (ABC) Techniques in Selected Firms in the Philippines Ms. Marivic Manalo De La Salle University Abstract Activity-Based Costing (ABC) is a management accounting tool used to guide in the strategy formulations of a company. In the Philippines, only a handful of companies have adopted ABC as a tool in their strategy formulations. Most of the companies employ ABC in their pilot implementation. Relative to other advanced countries like the United States, little is known about the implementation of activity-based costing in the Philippines. This research focuses on the implementation of ABC in various companies in the Philippines. The study is limited only on how ABC was implemented, the benefits derived and the problems encountered in using the system. The results of the interview conducted revealed that 59% of the companies included in the sample use ABC as a parallel system with another costing system while the remaining 41% use ABC as the main costing system. Most of the companies included in the study implemented ABC in a gradual basis, i.e., piloting it first with a department e.g., production, then weighing first the benefits that may be derived from the adoption of the new system versus the cost incurred in the implementation of such changes in the costing technique. ABC techniques...
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...Louisa is a resident of Louisiana. She and her husband had two children prior to her husband’s death in 2012. Louisa suffers from addiction and in the past has been violent toward her children. In 2003 her children were placed by the state and later adopted. The children have prospered in the care of their adopted parents for the last three years. Louisa states she has not drank alcohol since July of 2006 and is seeking to reinstate her parental rights and be reunified with her children. The termination of parental rights can be either voluntary or involuntary. Both methods sever the parent- child relationship. Once parental rights have been terminated, the child is legally free to be placed for adoption. Ch. Code Art. 1240; 1256(C); 1218 states upon adoption, the birth parents and birth relatives of the adopted person are relieved of all of their legal duties and divested of all of their legal rights with regard to the adopted person, including the right of inheritance from the adopted person. While each of the states takes a different approach, they address the same basic issues: *which parties can petition the court to have those rights reinstated, * age the child has to be in order to be covered by the petition *length of time since the termination that the petition can be filed. * the court must find that is in the best interest of the child to reinstate parental rights. Hawaii and Louisiana are the only states that do not require a threshold or initial...
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...significant others. Although none of these circumstances are ideal, the fact of the matter is that it happens. Many people fall into that single parent category after failed marriages and relationships (with kids). With the continued increase in divorce this speaks to the illusion of the ideal heterosexual home and its stability. Love conquers all, and it should be the true determining factor of normality. there are millions of children waiting to be adopted into steady homes. Everyone has the right to choose who they want to spend their life with, or take care of regardless of race, religion, and gender. Therefore gay couples should have the right to affirm their love by adopting legally and publicly. Those who are against gay adoption claim that they would hate to see a child with "two moms" or "two dads" because they would be teased and tormented for it. But then they forget the fact that if children were raised to be more tolerant and accepting of this there would be no Teasing. If it was taught to them that there is not just one family dynamic they would be more accepting. This is not a question of the interest of the child it is making excuses for this countries ignorance when it relates to homosexuals and their rights. What...
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...Killing Babies “Do you know that every year 1.3 million women kill their unborn child? An estimated 43% of all women will have at least one abortion by the time they are 45 years old.” These women all have abortion and give up the joy of being a mother. They also take away the life of an innocent baby (AbortionNO). “Abortion is the tearing of unborn life from limb to limb to end a pregnancy.” (Crossed) Abortion is killing. At the moment of conception, a new and unique human being comes into existence with its own genetically distinct DNA. It may be a different sex and have a different blood type than the mother. (AbortionNO). Abortion is never the way to handle a pregnancy because there are many side effects, there are other options, and it is murder. Abortions go back to the 1800’s. It used to be a matter no one would speak of. “Choices once unanimously considered criminal and rejected by the common moral sense are gradually becoming socially acceptable; it’s the culture of death” (Paul). Abortion was a back alley process, but now it is accepted by people and considered a women’s “choice”. There are also laws allowing these killings to happen. This has become a very controversial issue in today’s society. Some believe it is a women’s right to do what she wants with her body. While others think that life is started at the time of conception, which is why having an abortion is killing a life. ...
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...Overview of the various Adoption Acts , Procedures of Adoption in India Adoption can be a most beautiful solution not only for childless couples and single people but also for homeless children. It enables a parent-child relationship to be established between persons not biologically related. It is defined as a process by which people take a child not born to them and raise it as a member of their family.Sadly, in India, this beautiful relationship is given only limited encouragement by law. Only Hindus are allowed to legally adopt. Other communities can only act as legal guardians to the children they adopt. The adopted children do not receive the status of children; they only attain the status of wards. The law is still more parent-oriented than child-oriented. It does not recognise the right of every child to a caring family environment. In the case of Hindus, it is the spiritual motive that the law recognizes. Children, the true beneficiaries of adoption, are given short shrift. The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child, 1989The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, 1989, recognizes a child's right to an identity and family.Article 21 of the Convention states that:State parties that recognize and/or permit the system of adoption shall ensure that the best interests of the child shall be the paramount consideration and they shall: a. Ensure that the adoption of a child is authorized only by competent authorities who determine in accordance with applicable...
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...and Communication Individual Assignment No 2 Case Analysis Report on ‘The Quality Improvement Customers Didn’t Want’ Submitted by Name: Roll No: Section: Institute of Management, Nirma University August 14, 2012 Executive Summary Quality Care is a health maintenance organization and has been occupying third position in the health care industry for quite some time. The recent trend of installing computer systems in the health care organizations has put Quality care in a confusing state where it has to decide whether to follow the trend or stick to the traditional methods. Quality Care has to look out for customer satisfaction and retention, quality of the service provided and market position. It can install the systems at a few locations for testing, or conduct surveys in organizations where the systems have already been installed, or provide a comfortable working environment or simply avoid the new technology. This can be achieved by simply adopting the new computerized systems at a few locations and after testing them implementing at the rest of the locations. Situational Analysis Quality Care, a Health Maintenance Organization (HMO), is currently at the third position in the Health Care industry preceded by Health Care One in the first position and MediCenters in the second position. Quality Care, just like Health Care One, is a staff model HMO which...
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...The purpose of this paper is to examine the laws standing in the United States that regulate who can and who can’t adopt, as well as to look at factors such as available funds, that can cause one to be unable to adopt. There are many factors that can affect one’s eligibility to adopt, such as marital status or sexual orientation; therefore there is an abundance of laws regarding adoption eligibility. Many of the laws standing today are rather old and haven’t been reexamined, but there are a number of states that are reevaluating their views on adoption regulations. States like California and New York, states with liberals and modern outlooks, are leading the pack in changing adoption standards. Whereas states like Kentucky and Mississippi, states with conservatives and traditional views, have refused to budge on certain regulations. However, all fifty states do share some commonalities. These include the requirements of a home study and a stable financial status. This paper will discuss all of these regulations, while also reviewing where each particular regulation occurs. Regulating Factors on Adoption in the US “We’re sorry, but you won’t be able to adopt a child with us.” A couple has just been told that their dreams of starting a family won’t be coming true any time soon. This couple, a young man and his wife, tried to have children for a long while before they found out it wasn’t possible. So, determined and hopeful, they went searching for other ways to start a family...
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...began explaining, to the doctor, about their concerns. They described Clara as a quiet child who has recently begun throwing temper tantrums, during which she is inconsolable. Clara’s sleep and eating patterns have changed, and she no longer wants to go to preschool. Based on the limited information provided in this scenario, there are other questions that I would like to see answered. The very first step I would take, before asking for more information from the adoptive parents, is to remove Clara from the room and place her in an atmosphere that better suites her, like a play room located in the office building. After Clara is removed from the office, I would start of by asking if the adoption was an open adoption, and the age when Clara was adopted. If the adoption was not an open adoption, the true parents of Clara could be trying to make contact with her while she away from her adoptive parents. This can cause confusion in Clara, and possibly be a reason why her behavior has all of a sudden changed. I would also ask how long they had Clara, and if they had any information on Clara’s biological parents. If they did have background information on the biological parents, I would want to find out if there was a history of any psychological disorders or mental illnesses that could include; depression, anxiety, or any learning disabilities. I would ask if anything changed in their household since...
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...Adoption in the Middle School Years Introduction To adopt a child means to take another’s child and raise him/her as one’s own. The process of adoption will have numerous rewarding experiences as well as difficult ones. When it comes to adopting a child in the middle school years, more challenges will present themselves than in any other age group. During this age, children begin to develop a sense of identity and begin to question their life experiences and their biological parents. School-aged children at this age go through numerous significant developmental changes. Much of their identity is derived from their family and peers in their lives. However, for adopted children, developing an identity is more complicated than non-adopted children. They have to assimilate two separate families and biological backgrounds as they explore how they fit in and the person they are growing up to be. Many of these children often face self-esteem issues and self-worth, and that is what makes them different from other children. A majority of adopted children have difficulty building social relationships with those around them and this can lead to depression, low academic performance, and even aggression. It is clear to see why adopting a younger child would be much simpler, but older children need homes, as well. Research 1 For many decades, adoption has become a highly successful solution for many adults who cannot provide for their children. Although adoption is viewed as a solution...
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