...The origin of the Taliban can be traced back to the 1979 USSR invasion of Afghanistan. Bring in over one hundred thousand soldiers to preserve the Communist Government, which they were they met with fierce resistance fighters called Mujahedeen from whom the taliban evolved. The mujahedeen was a mix of Afghan resistance fighters and refugees who had crossed into Pakistan’s North West Frontier Province at the onset of the Soviet invasion and later been recruited to fight the Soviet infidels. The mujahedeen controlled 75% of Afghanistan despite fighting the might of the world’s second most powerful military power. Cold war politics produced a strong condemnation of the invasion, and in turn sending hundreds of millions of dollars worth of ammunitions and food to Afghanistan...
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...present, and future of Afghanistan. I only focused on my mission at hand. I did basic research about the culture, and geography, but I never focused on what makes Afghanistan what it is; a country that by today's international standards has devolved. As I write this paper, I have a few goals. First, is to expand my knowledge base on the country, which in the long run will have a direct affect on my missions. Secondly, I wish to answer the question "How has the past forty years of constant conflict affected Afghanistan's past, present, and future". I want to look at this as a study because Afghanistan has been in a constant state of war for the last forty years, and it has taken its toll. Generations of Afghani's have never known peace, only war. In order to do a proper analysis on an entire country and its people, I will address the PMESII-P factors, though not sequentially. PMESII-P is a military acronym that stands for Political, military, economic, social, information, infrastructure, and physical environment. PMESII-P is a "reliable framework for analysis that, when applied judiciously, will lead to a sophisticated understanding of the dynamics within the foreign country or region of their assignment. Furthermore, the framework provides the start point for specific analyses of associated operational issues, questions, and problems". While this is not intended to be an exhaustive research, looking at a nations past, and present can provide us with insight on its possible...
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...Hosseini had received many awards for his work, all of his novels became bestsellers and the first two novels The Kite Runner and A Thousand Splendid Suns had been adapted into movies. In this thesis, I will analyze the abuse of power in Khaled Hosseini's novels. The first novel is The Kite Runner (2003). This novel presents a story of strained family relationships between a father and a son, and between two brothers. How they deal with the guilt and forgiveness. The novel sets the interpersonal drama of the characters against the backdrop of Afghanistan, sketching the political and economical toll of the instability of various regimes in Afghanistan from the end of monarchy to the Soviet –backed government of the 1980s to the fundamentalist Taliban government of the 1990s.it also includes the events of September 11,2011. The second novel is A Thousand Splendid Suns (2007) traces socio- political and cultural history of Afghanistan, and illustrates excesses and abuse of government and family itself against women. Through Feminist viewpoint, the novel provides problems of struggle of Afghan female in a patriarchal male dominated society to find their identity. It...
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...Communicator and Education Activist Abstract This paper is about an amazing 17 year old girl who was shot in the head by the Taliban for championing the right of girls to receive an education. Many have asked “what are the qualities of an inspiring leader?” Research shows that leaders create enthusiasm, empower people, instill confidence and inspire the ones around them. In early 2009, Malala Yousafzai started by blogging about life under Taliban rule and that changed her life forever. Malala Yousafzai the Influential Communicator and Education Activist Malala Yousafzai was born on July 12, 1997 to Tor Pakai Yousafzai (mother) and Ziauddin Yousafzai (father) and into a Sunni Muslim family of Pashtun ethnicity. She grew up in Pakistan’s Swat Valley in a house in Mingora. She has two younger brothers and two pet chickens. Malala was educated largely by her father, who is a poet, school owner, and educational activist who runs a chain of schools known as the Khushal Public School. In 2008 Malala started speaking about education rights when her father took her to Peshawar to speak at a local press club. There she was known for saying “How dare the Taliban take away my basic right to education?” Later in 2008 when Malala was only 11, she wrote a blog under a pseudonym of “Gul Makai” for the BBC detailing her life under Taliban rule, the attempts to take control of the valley, and her views on promoting education for girls. Taliban militants were banning television, music, girls’...
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...extreme measures in the name of peace keeping? Annotated Bibliography: Source #1: Cook, Martin L., Dr. “Ethical Issues in Counterterrorism Warfare.” Ethical Issues in Counterterrorism Warfare. Santa Clara University, Sept. 2001. Web. 09 Mar. 2013. <http://www.scu.edu/ethics/publications/ethicalperspectives/cook.html> The author of this essay, Dr. Martin L. Cook, is an Elihu Root Professor of Military Science and a Professor of Ethics under the Department of Command, Leadership and Management at the U.S. Army War College. Under the guidance of the Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff, Operations, U.S. Army, Cook was asked to prepare this paper. Prior to his current position, Cook engaged his professional expertise at the Santa Clara University and taught under in the Department of Religious Studies. Cook’s paper first states that as a result of the recent September 11th, 2001 attacks pertaining to the Pentagon (Washington D.C) and the World Trade Center (New York City), the concept of just warfare - the moral and legal traditions of just war and its appropriate, yet effective response has vastly differed and have been challenged. Not only are they subjective to interstate war, but are also adapted to the war against...
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...Migration in Afghanistan 1. Introduction Afghanistan is home to the largest refugee crises experienced since the inception of the UNHCR. Decades of war have led millions to flee their homes and seek refuge in the neighboring countries of Pakistan and Iran, and for those who were able, further abroad. The number of refugees spiked in 1990 at 6.2 million. They began to decrease in 1992 with the fall of the government, but began to increase again in 1996 with the rise of the Taliban. In 2002, with the fall of the Taliban and the US-led invasion, record numbers of Afghan refugees returned to Afghanistan. An international reconstruction and development initiative began to aid Afghans in rebuilding their country from decades of war. Reports indicate that change is occurring in Afghanistan, but the progress is slow. The Taliban have regained strength in the second half of this decade and insurgency and instability are rising. Afghanistan continues to be challenged by underdevelopment, lack of infrastructure, few employment opportunities, and widespread poverty. The slow pace of change has led Afghans to continue migrating in order to meet the needs of their families. Today refugee movements no longer characterize the primary source of Afghan migration. Migration in search of livelihoods is the primary reasons for migration and occurs through rural-urban migration in Afghanistan or circular migration patterns as Afghans cross into Pakistan and/or Iran. Afghans utilize their...
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...A Guide to Preparing a Paper or Master’s Thesis J.G. Brouwer A.J.J. de Hoogh 1. Table of Contents 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. Table of Contents Introduction Purpose of Writing a Paper or Thesis Thesis Procedure Selecting a Topic An Outline Research and Analysis of the Topic Structure and Format Quotations, Paraphrasing, Plagiarism and Fraud Footnotes, References and the Bibliography Minimum Requirements and Grading 1 2 2 3 4 5 7 7 9 11 15 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the authors. 1 2. Introduction Writing skills are of eminent importance for a lawyer. That is why some courses require you to write a paper and the LL.M. Programme requires you to write a thesis at the end of your studies. There are strict requirements regarding the contents and the procedure. The following guidelines will provide you with information for successful completion. If you would like more guidance during the writing of your thesis, then you are advised to consult the following websites: http://www.learnerassociates.net/dissthes/ (structure and format) http://owl.english.purdue.edu/ (language) http://writingcenters.org/index.php (overview writing centres) The paper/thesis must be in English. This means for most of you, since English is not your native...
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...Years of violent conflicts, those between warring Afghan factions, the superpowers of Cold War Russia and now the United States and its allies, have left the rebuilding of Afghanistan in political and economic limbo. Many of the physical and social infrastructures are debilitated, the economy barely functions, the population's health and nutritional status is among the lowest anywhere, and internal security is lacking. Also, Afghanistan poses a potential threat to richer countries as an exporter of drugs and terrorism. This combination of factors makes the engagement in Afghanistan a particularly fragile one. In this paper, the following points will be expounded upon: theoretical approach, in regards to international relations; an assessment of the security situation in Afghanistan and an effective approach to combat the threats; how a struggling economy can be helped that is plagued with corruption; key components of identity for this nation, ethnicity, religion and women; and finally, some recommendations on how to get this nation back on track. There must be an investment in Afghan-led development and peacebuilding. Billions of dollars are poured into reconstruction and development in Afghanistan but have shown few results and often contributed to corruption and conflict. I remember procuring aircrafts and setting up missions to pickup pallets full of medical supplies, but days later, I tried to coordinate with my Afghani counterparts to see how their inventories of...
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...Introduction: Afghanistan has a history of a high degree of decentralization, and resistance to foreign invasion and occupation. Some have termed it the “graveyard of empires.” Afghanistan is a landlocked country that is located approximately in the center of Asia. It is bordered by Pakistan in the south and east. Since the late 1970s Afghanistan has suffered brutal civil war in addition to foreign interventions in the form of the 1979 Soviet invasion and the 2001 U.S. invasion. The strategic interests of the great powers of the day in Afghanistan pitched against the potential threat of terrorism, religious extremism, smuggling and drug trafficking substantiates the assertion that Afghan security situation has the potential to generate effects far beyond its borders. Afghanistan had experienced several coups since 1973, when the Afghan monarchy was overthrown by Daud Khan, who was sympathetic to Soviet overtures. Subsequent coups reflected struggles within Afghanistan among factions with different ideas about how Afghanistan should be governed and whether it should be communist, and with degrees warmth toward the Soviet Union. The Soviets intervened following the overthrow of a pro-communist leader. In late December 1979, after several months of evident military preparation, they invaded Afganistan. At that time, the Soviet Union and the United States were engaged in the Cold War, a global competition for the fealty of other nations. The United States was, thus, deeply interested...
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...Research Paper on “The Kite Runner” by Khaled Hosseini Introduction: The international best-selling novel, The Kite Runner was first published in 2003 by Riverhead Books, written by the Afghan-born American novelist and physician, Khaled Hosseini. He was born into a Shia family in Kabul, and later on in his life when the family moved to Paris because of his father’s occupation, Hosseini’s family was unable to return to Kabul due to the bloody Saur Revolution; hence they had to seek political asylum in the United States. Being as young as he was, roughly 11 years of age, the actions of his home country must have left an impression on him. It is such a great read because among many other themes such as betrayal, redemption, bullying, inhumanities of revolution, discrimination, loyalty, hypocrisy, horrors of rapes etc. the main focus of this story is of a man who is haunted by his past demons. We see in some of the opening lines of the novel, “I became what I am today at the age of twelve, on a frigid overcast day in the winter of 1975… That was a long time ago, but it’s wrong what they say about the past, I’ve learned, about how you can bury it. Because the past claws its way out.” These opening lines gets the ball rolling on what is to come and to be expected from the story, of possibly an aged man who is looking back at the past and justifying how it has made him the way that he is to date. The setting vividly takes place in the disorderly country of Kabul, Afghanistan...
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...Another approach to studying the oppression of Muslim women that the U.S. portrayed in the media to fuel the War on Terror is that the U.S. portrayed Islam as backwards and an uncivilized culture because of women’s oppression. Evelyn Alsultany’s analysis of news broadcast stations like CNN, NBC, and CBS after the 9/11 attacks examined that these news stations portrayed women’s veiled oppression, female genital mutilation, and honour killings as the nature of Islam’s backwardness and oppressiveness. Many media stations like CNN have viewed the invasion of Afghanistan as bringing light to the darkness of oppressed women and when they rid the towns of Taliban, women were depicted as in high heels and free women. The depiction of Muslim women as...
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...President Barack Obama and his secretary of state, Hillary Clinton, have made it clear that they expect a significant enhancement of the European effort in Afghanistan. The issue is likely to be viewed in Washington as a litmus test of whether the Europeans can be taken seriously as strategic partners. Obama’s strategy in Afghanistan is likely to include an attempt to “regionalise” the issue, involving some kind of dialogue with Iran and efforts to bring India, the Gulf states and the central Asian countries into the conversation; an initial increase of 17,000 US troops, particularly in the south and east of the country, with a possibility of further deployments later this year or early next; and an offer of negotiations with “reconcilable” Taliban insurgents. It may also include an attempt to co-opt – and possibly even arm – Afghanistan’s Pashtun tribes, much as General David Petraeus...
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...Reagan Analysis Paper Reagan Analysis Paper Introduction Ronald Wilson Reagan was the fortieth president of the United States. A two term president, he served from 1981-1989. President Reagan won a landslide victory over Jimmy Carter running on a political platform consisting of jump starting the economy and bringing inflation down. This was to be accomplished through lowering taxes and cutting government spending. Many people consider Reagan an outstanding president but this paper contends he was an overrated president. This is based on the management of three issues facing his presidency. These are: economic policies, ending the Cold War, and the Iran-Contra affair. Economic Policies Throughout Reagan’s campaign he assaulted the Carter administration’s free-spending (Moss & Thomas, 2013, pp-208-210). He made promises to cut spending, but ultimately spent more. The most common misconception is that Reagan saved our economy with his famous Reaganomics. This of course included the modern trickle-down theory or supply-side economics, which included major tax decreases, specifically on the wealthy. These tax decreases, coupled with high military spending, created a massive debt and led the country into one of the worst depressions since the Great Depression. When Reagan entered the presidency in 1981 the national debt was at $900 billion. By the time he left it had over tripled to $2.8 trillion. To top it off, many of the military projects the money was used...
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...SECURITY RESEARCH PAPER A PERSPECTIVE ON TERRORISM Piers Hutt piershutt@hotmail.com 1 March 2015 A PERSPECTIVE ON TERRORISM ABSTRACT Purpose: To critically examine the threat of modern terrorism to Western society. Design/methodology: An assessment was made of publically available documentation. The paper is then divided into a number of sections. It initially deals with the difficulties of defining terrorism, followed by its symbiotic relationship with the media. The next section looks at the modern Islamic Fundamentalist threat and the primarily neocon response since 9/11. Whilst the US has withdrawn combat forces from Iraq and Afghanistan, a bipartisan approach has been maintained to counterterrorism. The dangers of such an approach are examined along with emerging threats. Table of Contents * Abstract * Introduction * Define * Role of the Media * Psychology * Modern Terrorism * The Response * Counterview – The Dangers * Looking Ahead – The Next Potential Threats * Another Approach * Conclusion INTRODUCTION “Terrorism has become part of our daily news diet. Hardly a day goes by without news of an assassination, political kidnapping, hijacking or bombing somewhere in the world. As such, incidents of terrorism have increased in the past decade, the phenomenon of terrorism has become one of increasing concern to governments....” Introduction. With the recent high profile terrorist attacks in Sydney...
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...Analysis of Indian Developmental Projects in Afghanistan and its impact on Pakistan THEME * Pakistan and Afghanistan are generally labeled as inseparable states due to their historical, religious, cultural, linguistic, trade and ethnic linkages. However, history of bilateral relations between Kabul and Islamabad reveals turbulence. The main reasons for this rocky relationship are the issues related to the Durand Line, the idea of a greater Pakhtunistan, the 1980’s Soviet War, the rise of the Taliban, post 9/11 war, and India’s rising influence in Afghanistan. Through multi-sectoral long-term development projects, apparently carving socio-economic space through application of soft power, India ultimately aims at enhancing its regional relevance to extract politico-economic benefits, while correspondingly constricting contemporary space for Pakistan. Indian sponsored / assisted projects in Afghanistan indicate their character to be more of anti-Pakistan than pro-Afghanistan. Development of road Zaranj-Delaram off sets Afghanistan’s over dependence on Pakistan for transit trade, through offering ground link to Iranian Port Chahbhar. Similarly, Indian offer to build water reservoirs on river Kabul can be termed as extension of her water war against Pakistan. It has implications for Pakistan on its economic, defense and foreign policy fronts. Apropos, carry out a detailed analysis of Indian sponsored / assisted projects directly or indirectly influencing Pakistan and recommend...
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