...Case Analysis – U.S. Tariffs on Tire Imports from China Ramón Alejandro Lomas Iracheta BSM404 International Business Instructor: Dr. Carla Weaver May 24th, 2015 U.S. Tariffs on Tier Imports from China The decision of President Obama supported by the International Trade Commission of imposing a three year tariff to imports of tires from China has caused controversy. The United States Steelworkers argue that the tariff has brought benefits for them, which include more job capacity, increase in production and increase of sales. In the other hand, China called the tariff a “serious case of protectionism” due to the negative economic effects that imports of tires were causing to American employment and domestic production. China argues that while the tariff increases jobs in production sector, it also has a negative effect in jobs of sale sector, now some people who used to sell tires from overseas have lost their job. According to the Business Dictionary (2015) market disruption is “A decline in sales to the extent major economic hardships occur, such as one created by surge in imports at the expense of domestic industry” (p. 1). By following this definition, it can be assumed that the decrease of sales of American tires was caused by the amount of imports of Chinese tires. China is known for its ability of mass production at a low price, many companies opt for choosing China as supplier or workforce, but when it is not controlled, this could cause instability in the...
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...Kary Bowser International Economics Professor Gelgelu 11 February 2013 The Protectionism Effect: Tariffs, Quotas, and Subsidies The most common way to protect one’s economy from import competition is to implement a tariff: a tax on imports. Generally speaking, a tariff is any tax or fee collected by a government. Sometimes the term “tariff” is used in a nontrade context, as in railroad tariffs. However, the term is much more commonly used to refer to a tax on imported goods. Tariffs have been applied by countries for centuries and have been one of the most common methods used to collect revenue for governments. This is because it is relatively simple to place customs officials at the border of a country and collect a fee on goods that enter. Administratively, a tariff is probably one of the easiest taxes to collect. (Of course, high tariffs may induce smuggling of goods through nontraditional entry points, but we will ignore that problem here.) Tariffs are worth defining early in an international trade course since changes in tariffs represent the primary way in which countries either liberalize trade or protect their economies. It isn’t the only way, though, since countries also implement quotas, subsidies, and other types of regulations that can affect trade flows between countries. These other methods will be defined and discussed later, but for now it suffices to understand tariffs since they still represent the basic policy affecting international trade patterns...
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...International Trade and Finance Keith De Luca ECO/372 March 25, 2013 Dr. Godwin Quashigah International Trade and Finance Good afternoon ladies and gentlemen, my name is Keith De Luca, Speaker of the House, United States Senate. The U.S. economy has been hit hard since the attacks on the World Trade Center’s 12 years ago. It’s been one of the worse financial states of our economy since the Great Depression, but as of 2009 we have been on the up side and looking at a growing economy. When there is a surplus of imports brought into the United States, there comes advantages and disadvantages to our economy. “The increased economic activity associated with every stage of the import process helps support millions of jobs in the U.S” (Scissors, Espinoza, & Miller, 2012). This happens by supplying jobs in all aspects of the business market from transportation, construction, retail and it keeps our ports running strong. Providing jobs throughout the United States is a great advantage of having imports coming to our country. On the negative side, the higher number of imports that we have shows a down side in our own manufacturing sector. The cost of materials and manufacturing overseas impacts what we can produce here. “Auto sales since the depths of the recession have increased more than twice as fast as employment in auto parts in part because of the rapid growth in auto parts imported from China—the fastest-growing source of U.S. auto-parts imports” (Scott, 2012)...
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...Tariff and Nontariff Barriers to Trade Scott Jaeger MGT/448 November 16,2015 Lara Dickerson Tariff and Nontariff Barriers to Trade Since the beginning of trade between countries or regions, there have been barriers that have deterred, or prevented the trade of goods between countries or regions. These barriers are put into two different categories. First, there are tariff barriers, these include taxes and quotas put on imports by the country receiving the goods. The other barriers to trade are the nontariff barriers. These barriers include such things as bans on imports, import licenses, and “buy national” policies, along with a slew of other deterrents to trade. In this paper, the differences between these two barriers will be discussed, along with how these barriers are used in global finance, and their importance in managing risk. Tariffs and Quota’s Tariffs To put it the simplest terms possible, tariffs are taxes imposed by a country in order to raise the price of imported goods and services. There are a couple of different reasons that a country may use tariffs, depending on the countries that they are trading with, and the goods or services involved in the trade, but essentially, “The idea is to increase demand for domestic products while reducing the volume of imports.” (Sanders, 2015). Countries may want to promote the domestic products or services in the same trade, or they may also simply want to make money. While tariffs can certainly benefit the...
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...and trade exchanges with foreign countries. Initially foreign trade development was relatively slow because of international politics. Before 1978 china’s trade was conducted under system of state trading where approximately a dozen foreign trade corporations monopolised all foreign trade. under this central plan regime imports were not encouraged much and also exports were allowed only to pay for the imports. its share of world trade has risen three times and its expected that will get tripled by 2020. But since the last 20 years china has witnessed a drastic change in its trade policies and patterns and china has expanded itself tremendously. many foreign trade corporations and some retain rights on some of the products. Licenses and quotas in agriculture and food products, machinery and electronics. China has recently become a trading nation and its tremendous potential has attracted developed and newly emerging economies which became evident when china joined WTO in 2000. China’s trade strategy has changed over the years, from primary to manufacturing in 1980’s and 90’s was the decade of mechanical and electronic products. This is the century of high tech IT products rapidly grabbing the market and which are highly in demand , also along with state enterprise private enterprise also engaging in foreign trade. From 80’s to 21st century china’s processing trade has flourished and in this process foreign enterprises have played a major role. Talking about the 1990s –china’s...
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...in a specific geographic area on country. Franchise- an agreement granted to an individual or group by a company to use that companies name, services, products, and marketing. Joint Venture- a common type of international business, in which a new company with shared ownership is formed by two businesses, one of which is usually located in the country where the now company is etablished. Foreign Subsidiary- often refered to as a wholly owned subsidiary, a branch of a company that is own as an independant entiry in a country outside of the on in which the parent company is located. Protectionism- the theory or practice of shielding domestic industries from foreign conpetition, often through trade barriers such as tarrifs. Trade quotas- a government- imposed limit on the amount of product that can be imported in a certain period of times, which protects domestic producers by decreasing foreing competition. Trade embargo- a government- imposed ban on trade of a specific product or witha speciffic country. Trade embargos are often declared to pressure foreign governments to change their policies or to protest human rights...
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...To what extent can free trade promote economic development and economic growth in LEDCs (30 marks) Trade protection is the process of erecting barriers to trade, such as taxes on imports, called tariffs, and trade liberalisation is the process of making trade free from such barriers. Free trade its natural course without tariffs, quotas, or other restrictions. Developing countries can benefit from free trade by increasing their amount of or access to economic resources. Nations usually have limited economic resources. Economic resources include land, labour and capital. Small developing nations often have the lowest amounts of natural resources in the economic marketplace. Free trade agreements ensure small nations can obtain the economic resources needed to produce consumer goods or services. This shows economic growth as there is an increase in the economy's productive potential and they can produce efficiently. However, it is argued that free trade can harm the environment because LEDC may use up natural reserves of raw materials to export. Also countries with strict pollution control may find consumers import the goods from other countries where legislation is lax and pollution is allowed. However, supporters of free trade would argue that it is up to individual countries to create environmental legislation. Free trade usually improves the quality of life. Nations can import goods that are not readily available within their borders. Importing goods may be cheaper for...
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...Chapter 2: International Trade Policy and Trade Institutions 1 Global Marketing: Foreign Entry, Market Development & Strategy Implementation First Canadian Edition (Czinkota/Ronkainen/Farrell/McTavish) Copyright © 2009 by Nelson Education Limited Evolution of International Trade 2 Mercantilism (1500 – 1750) Import raw materials from ‘colonies’ at low cost Positive balance of trade Exports subsidized Imports taxed Create positive balance of trade Copyright © 2009 by Nelson Education Limited Evolution of International Trade 3 Theory of Absolute Advantage Country specializes only in products they can produce efficiently Natural resources Fewest units of labour to produce Import all other products Encourages trading between countries Theory of Comparative Advantage Does not require Absolute Advantage to trade Trade to maximize labour effectiveness for the country Copyright © 2009 by Nelson Education Limited Evolution of International Trade 4 Heckscher-Ohlin Model Extends comparative advantage Factors that vary by country Labour Capital Trading based on price differences between countries Product Cycle Theory Stage 1 – innovative product, home country develops and sells domestically Stage 2 – begin export to other similar countries Stage 3 – manufacture in developing countries, sell everywhere Copyright © 2009 by Nelson Education Limited Evolution of International...
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...Backward vertical foreign direct investment with an example Backward FDI is investing in an industry which supplies your firm at home. Buying or building a supplier. For example, if Ford builds an engine production facility in Mexico which ships engines to it manufacturing site in Texas. This would be backward vertical FDI. Vertical foreign direct investment with an example Investment from one country into another (normally by companies rather than governments) that involves establishing operations or acquiring tangible assets, including stakes in other businesses. Vertical: when different stages of activities are added abroad. Forward vertical FDI is where the FDI takes the firm nearer to the market (for example, Toyota acquiring a car distributorship in America) and Backward Vertical FDI is where international integration moves back towards raw materials (for example, Toyota acquiring a tyre manufacturer or a rubber plantation). Common law system and how it differs from a civil law system Common law is based on tradition, precedent, and custom. When law courts interpret common law, they do so with regard to these characteristics. This gives a common law system a degree of flexibility that other systems lack because it allows the judge to interpret the law. Civil law system and how it differs from a common law system Civil law is based on a very detailed set of laws organized into codes. When law courts interpret civil law, they do so with regard to these codes...
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...Introduction Why Do Governments Intervene in Trade? Political Motives Protect Jobs Preserve National Security National Security and Imports National Security and Exports Respond To “Unfair” Trade Gain Influence Economic Motives Protect Infant Industries Pursue Strategic Trade Policy Benefits of Strategic Trade Policy Drawbacks of Strategic Trade Policy Cultural Motives Cultural Influence of the United States Methods of Promoting Trade Subsidies Subsidies in Media and Entertainment Drawbacks of Subsidies Export Financing Foreign Trade Zones Special Government Agencies Methods of Restricting Trade Tariffs Protect Domestic Producers Generate Revenue Quotas Reason for Import Quotas Reasons for Export Quotas Voluntary Export Restraints Tariff-Quotas Embargoes Local Content Requirements Administrative Delays Currency Controls Global Trading System General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) Uruguay Round of Negotiations Agreement on Services Agreement on Intellectual Property Agreement on Agricultural Subsidies World Trade Organization (WTO) Dispute Settlement in the WTO Dumping and the WTO Subsidies and the WTO Doha Round of Negotiations The WTO and the Environment Bottom Line for Business Implications of Trade Protection Implications of the Global Trading System A comprehensive set of specially designed...
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...1. What causes of poverty can u name? Lack of capital, physical capital(buildings, machines etc.), human capital and entrepreneurship 2. What causes of richness can u name? Over-population, poor nations-lack of natural resources, prosperity requires liberty 3. Name 2 kinds of economic planning Mandatory – setting quotas and mandatories for goods Indicative – encouraging production of some branch by subsides, grants and taxes 4. Name at least 3 economic systems Socialism (planned and collective), capitalism (individualistic and competetive), mixed (planned and individualistic – war capitalism, collective and planed – market socialism eg. China) 5. Name basic institutions of effective capitalism Provate property rights, market system, no corruption, monetary stability, openess of economy 6. Name basic recommendations or elements of merchantilism Encouraging agriculture, ecenomic wealth can be measured by precious metal (silver/gold); export over import, merchant fleet as vital importance, government involved in economy 7. Key elements of national competetiveness Basic institutions, infrastructure, stability 8. Name main elements of firm competetiveness Demand and supply, financal performance, investment ratio 9. When Keynesian policies to fight recession can not be applied? When there is a budget deficyt, high public debt, recession, no possibility to borrow money 10. How many arguments in favour of protection of infant industries can u name? Further development...
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...INTERNATIONAL ECONOMY Globalisation, World trade, Multinational, Exports and imports. Advances in transportation and communication has made the exchange of information and goods and services much more efficient between people and countries, thus making the world seem like a small place. This is referred to as globalisation. The world has become connected in many different ways such as in a cultural, religious, and economical way. Two centuries ago countries only traded within their boarders and the only thing closest to international trade was when explorers such as Vasco Da Gama and Christopher Columbus sailed to undiscovered lands and traded goods such as copper, diamonds, gold and spices. In later years international trade within Europe started to grow, for example neighbouring countries such as France and the U.K traded consumer, capital and military goods with each other. International trade today is enormous, in 2010 global exports and imports were $37 trillion, which is 58 percent of the value of global production. The United States is the largest global trader as it accounts for 10 percent of world exports and 13 percent of world imports, China comes second then Germany third. World trade has made all individual national economies heavily dependent on each other, for example the fall of the United States economy or the appreciation and the depreciation of the United States dollar affects all other economies. A good example of international financial...
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...UNIT 40 INVESTIGATING INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS BTEC NATIONAL INTRODUCTION. The international nature of business is evident to anyone who, for example, buys an iPod from Apple or insurance from Aviva. Many brand names are recognised throughout the world as organisations increase demand for their products by expanding from a national to an international market. Initially, the nature of the international business environment will be considered by looking at the size and importance of international markets. Governments encourage businesses to trade internationally but protectionism is also common. International business is regulated not just by national governments but also by transnational trading arrangements promoted by trading blocs such as the European Union and global agencies such as the World Trade Organization (WTO). Both large and small businesses trade internationally but doing business internationally is often more complex than doing business in the home market. Consideration will be given to the issues facing a domestic (UK) business when it expands its operations into the international sphere. However, some insights can be made by considering issues faced by overseas businesses as they have expanded their operations by moving into the UK market. Tesco has had very limited success in extending operations into France and Carrefour has had similar problems in establishing operations in the UK. However, they both have had more success in Malaysia and...
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...Chapter 1 The Globalization of Starbucks -company focused on selling a “thirdplace” experience, rather than just coffee -first target outside US was Japan and the company established a joint venture with a local retailer -Starbucks format was then licensed to the venture which then took over responsibility for growing the Starbucks presence in Japan -Starbucks transferred employees to the Japanese operation -all employees went to training classes -stores had to adhere to design parameters established in US -took its success here and went to other foreign markets -purchases mainly Fair Trade Certified coffee to promote environmental responsibility -Starbucks has shown that glo Globalization (shift towards a more integrated and interdependent world economy): +: Expand revenue by selling around the world and reduce costs by producing in nations where lower input costs -: increases competition and drives price down Globalization of markets refers to the merging of historically distinct and separate national markets into one huge global marketplace Most global markets are markets for industrial goods and materials that serve a universal need the world over such as market for commodities (aluminum, oil, and wheat), industrial products (commercial jet aircraft), computer software, and financial asses Firms follow eachother around the world so greater uniformity replaces diversity Globalization of production: sourcing of goods and services from locations around...
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...European Economic Policies 1. THE MULTIPLE DIMENSIONS OF AN ENLARGED EUROPE 1.1 THE HISTORICAL DIMENSION Many unprecedented achievements characterize the Europe we see today; for the first time since Charlemagneʼs Holy Roman Empire in the 9th century in the ninth century, most of the European continent (400 million citizens) is again united and in peace. For the first time (at least since the last century) a set of countries have autonomously decided to relinquish to a supranational authority the control of one of the key symbols of a nation, its currency, without renouncing their identity or independence (along with numerous innovations). All this in less than 60 years. Historically, a period of war in Europe has ended with one or more treaty (e.g. 30 years war → Westfalia, Napoleonic war → Vienna Congress, WW1 → Versailles) The end of WW2 produced a series of treaties which, among other things (UN), laid down the founding pillars of the modern European Union The First 40 years (1950 – 89) Its acknowledged that the start of the European integration can be identified in the “Schuman declaration” a speech by French foreign minister in 1950. He proposed that France and Germany and other nations wishing to join, pool their coal and steel resources. It was an opening of credit to Germany (only 5 years after the first tank left Paris) and it implicitly recognized the new world order with france and germany allied with the US. It was also a security measure for France with respect to Germany...
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